Ovarian and testicular cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Chapman ◽  
Christine Elwell
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Origin ◽  
The Uk

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in females in the UK. In contrast, testicular cancer is a rare disease: there were 2138 new cases of testicular cancer diagnosed in 2008 in the UK, and only 70 deaths. Ninety per cent of all ovarian cancers are of epithelial origin, although germ cell and sex cord–stromal cell tumours also occur. In contrast, 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumours, with stromal cell tumours and lymphomas making up the remaining 5%. This chapter discusses ovarian cancer and testicular cancer, including definitions of the diseases and their etiologies, typical symptoms, uncommon symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, diagnostic approach, other diagnoses that should be considered, prognosis, and treatment.

Sonographic Diagnosis of Unilateral Synchronous Testicular Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Allison Forrest ◽  
Numbereye Numbere ◽  
Jerome Jean-Gilles ◽  
Thomas Frye ◽  
Vikram Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Synchronous Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Sonographic Diagnosis ◽  
Histological Types ◽  
Common Cancer

Testicular cancer accounts for 1% of all male cancers yet is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15–44 years. Most testicular cancers are seminomas or non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Rarely, multiple testicular cancers may occur simultaneously, most often of the same histological type. However, synchronous tumors of different histological types may occur, although rarely. In this case study, we present the sonographic features with histopathologic correlation in a case of unilateral synchronous testicular tumors of discordant histology.

scholarly journals The Potential of Artificial Intelligence to Detect Lymphovascular Invasion in Testicular Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Abhisek Ghosh ◽  
Korsuk Sirinukunwattana ◽  
Nasullah Khalid Alham ◽  
Lisa Browning ◽  
Richard Colling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Whole Slide Images

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged from 15 to 34 years. Lymphovascular invasion refers to the presence of tumours within endothelial-lined lymphatic or vascular channels, and has been shown to have prognostic significance in testicular germ cell tumours. In non-seminomatous tumours, lymphovascular invasion is the most powerful prognostic factor for stage 1 disease. For the pathologist, searching multiple slides for lymphovascular invasion can be highly time-consuming. The aim of this retrospective study was to develop and assess an artificial intelligence algorithm that can identify areas suspicious for lymphovascular invasion in histological digital whole slide images. Areas of possible lymphovascular invasion were annotated in a total of 184 whole slide images of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue from 19 patients with testicular germ cell tumours, including a mixture of seminoma and non-seminomatous cases. Following consensus review by specialist uropathologists, we trained a deep learning classifier for automatic segmentation of areas suspicious for lymphovascular invasion. The classifier identified 34 areas within a validation set of 118 whole slide images from 10 patients, each of which was reviewed by three expert pathologists to form a majority consensus. The precision was 0.68 for areas which were considered to be appropriate to flag, and 0.56 for areas considered to be definite lymphovascular invasion. An artificial intelligence tool which highlights areas of possible lymphovascular invasion to reporting pathologists, who then make a final judgement on its presence or absence, has been demonstrated as feasible in this proof-of-concept study. Further development is required before clinical deployment.

scholarly journals Development of a best-practice clinical guideline for the use of bleomycin in the treatment of germ cell tumours in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Watson ◽  
Hugo De La Peña ◽  
Maria T. Tsakok ◽  
Johnson Joseph ◽  
Sara Stoneham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
The Uk

Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; NCI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Ashraf Sobhy ◽  
Mohammed Gamil ◽  
Omar Youssef ◽  
Ali Hassan Mebed
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Background: Non-epithelial cancers of the ovary are uncommon. They include malignancies of germ cell origin, sex cord-stromal cell origin, metastatic carcinomas to the ovary, and a variety of extremely rare ovarian cancers, such as sarcomas and lipoid cell tumors. Nonepithelial malignancies account for about 10% of all ovarian cancers. Objective: To review the management of Non-epithelial ovarian cancer in the NCI Cairo university during a period of 5 years (2005 till 2010). Material and Methods: Retrospective study including 114 patients who were diagnosed and treated with Non-epithelial ovarian cancer (2005 to 2010). Data were collected from the biostatistics and cancer epidemiology department. Results: Out of 114 patients; 25(21.9%) were benign and 25 (21.9%) were borderline malignant; 55 (48.2%) were malignant and 9 (7.89%) of them were unpredicted biologic behavior; the median age of the study population was 49.7 years (range 14_83years). Panhysterectomy was done in 77(67.5%) of the patients; ovariectomy and debulking were done in 22(19.3%; salpingooophorectomy was done in 10(8.8%) 0f patients and cystectomy was done in 3(2.6%) and 2 cases underwent biopsy. Conclusion: Sex cord-stromal tumors and malignant germ cell tumors are the most common nonepithelial ovarian cancers. These tumors often, but not always, present with the sequelae of overproduction of either androgens or estrogens. It is important to diagnose these masses early, as overall prognosis is typically very good for early stage disease in all histological subtypes. Both sex cord-stromal tumors and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary are treated with initial surgical resection. Fertility sparing surgery can be considered for both sex cord-stromal and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. Depending on the pathological diagnosis and disease stage, postoperative management consists of either expectant management or adjuvant chemotherapy. It is recommended that all patients with nonepithelial ovarian cancer be monitored for evidence of disease recurrence on a standardized schedule.

Cisplatin related cardiotoxicity – acute and chronic cardiovascular morbidity in a testicular cancer survivor

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Morrow ◽  
Alan C Cameron ◽  
Alexander R Payne ◽  
Jeff White ◽  
Ninian N Lang
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Obstructive Lesion ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Proximal Occlusion

Testicular germ cell tumours are the most common malignancy in men aged 20 to 40 years. They are subdivided into seminoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCTs). Both seminoma and NSGCT occur at about the same rate, however some tumours contain a combination of both. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used adjuvantly in high-risk stage 1 mixed and NSGCT patients and contributes towards oncological cure in almost all metastatic cases, regardless of histology. However, cardiovascular toxicity is a major concern. In addition to acute endothelial toxicity and associated risk of arterial thrombosis, accelerated atherosclerosis may be the result of chemotherapy-associated latent cardio-metabolic dysfunction. A 45-year-old man began treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for testicular cancer. On day 9, he suffered an anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There was proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery but otherwise normal coronary arteries. Ten months following chemotherapy, he had another STEMI. There was a fresh obstructive lesion in the previously angiographically normal mid LAD, new diffuse coronary atheroma elsewhere and a deterioration in lipid profile despite statin therapy. Acute and longer-term cardiovascular risks of cisplatin-based chemotherapy may have different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. These issues are of growing relevance in a population of patients expected to have excellent cancer-related outcomes.

Treatment of refractory germ-cell tumours with single-agent cabazitaxel: a German Testicular Cancer Study Group case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Oing ◽  
Marcus Hentrich ◽  
Anja Lorch ◽  
Dietrich Gläser ◽  
Holger Rumpold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Cancer Study ◽  
Group Case ◽  
Cancer Study Group

Testicular cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Winter ◽  
Peter Albers
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Solid Malignancy

Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent the most common solid malignancy of young men aged 15–40 years. The disease is rising in incidence. Germ cell tumours are best divided into those with pure seminoma and non-seminoma (NSGCT) histology. While cryptorchidism is clearly established as a risk factor, the pathogenesis of testicular cancer remains unknown. Familial studies and molecular analyses suggest an association to genetic alterations. Most testicular cancer patients present a primary tumour in the testis. Diagnostic examinations include testis palpation and ultrasound, and measurement of serum tumour markers (AFP, ß-HCG, and LDH). Surgical exploration is obligatory for suspected tumours and radical orchidectomy should be performed if a tumour is found. Prognosis and subsequent treatment depends upon the clinical stage and the IGCCCG classification (in case of advanced GCT disease).

Clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with testicular tumors in cryptorchid testis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 428-428
Author(s):  
Amit Joshi ◽  
Vijai Simha ◽  
Kumar Prabhash ◽  
Vanita Noronha ◽  
Santosh Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Testicular Tumours ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Cryptorchid Testis

428 Background: Undescended testis which occurs in 2-4% of all boys confers a natural risk for development of testicular cancer. Cryptorchidism accounts for 10% of all testicular germ cell tumours. The presentation, natural history and outcomes of testicular tumours occurring in cryptorchid testis has not been described in literature so far. Methods: Case records of patients enlisted in the prospectively maintained ‘ testicular cancer database’ at our tertiary cancer care hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Any patient who presented with testicular germ cell tumour with the testis being absent in the scrotum was considered as ‘undescended testis’. Results: From our database of 490 patients with testicular tumours presenting from the year 2014 -2018, 42 patients had testicular cancer in cryptorchid testis. The mean age was 32.9 years (Range:17-56). 24(57.14%) had seminoma and 18(42.86%) had non seminomatous tumors. Orchidopexy was done in 22(52.3%) patients at median age of 30 yrs (Range 2-33). 23 patients had prior undescended testis underwent high inguinal orchidectomy, 13 patients had testis located in pelvis and 6 patient had testis located in the upper abdomen. The average maximum size of tumours presenting with after orchidopexy was 7.34cm (4-10.5cm), in those presenting with pelvic tumours was 9.86cm (7-12.6cm) and in those with intraabdominal tumours was 14.3cm (9-20cm). The median follow-up for these patients was 36 months (3-64 months). There were 6 patients who relapsed after front line therapy whom 3 were salvaged with second line chemotherapy and 2 patients had residual disease at their last follow up. There was one death due to disseminated tumour with brain metastasis. The disease free survival for the whole cohort was 92.85%. Conclusions: The tumours developing in intraabdominal location of testis presented with a larger size and orchiopexy apart from its role in prevention of testicular cancer also helps in surveillance and early detection leading to effective treatment of these highly curable cancers. In the first of its series on testicular tumours in the cryptorchid, we show that they are also as curable as the germ cell tumours developing in the descended testis.

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