Basic knowledge

2011 ◽  
pp. 9-38
Author(s):  
Luke Cascarini ◽  
Clare Schilling ◽  
Ben Gurney ◽  
Peter Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anatomy Of The Neck

Anatomy of the teeth 10 Anatomy of the oral cavity 12 Anatomy of the facial skeleton 16 Dental occlusion 22 Anatomy of the oral and facial muscles, nerves, and glands 26 Anatomy of the neck 30 Examination of the oral cavity 34 Examination of the face and neck ...

Basic knowledge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Cascarini ◽  
Clare Schilling ◽  
Ben Gurney ◽  
Peter Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anatomy Of The Neck ◽  
Full Body

This chapter discusses basic knowledge in oral and maxillofacial surgery, including Anatomy of the teeth, Dental occlusion, Anatomy of the oral cavity, Anatomy of the facial skeleton, Anatomy of the orofacial muscles, nerves, and glands, Anatomy of the neck, Medical clerking: history and full body examination, Examination of the oral cavity and Examination of the face and neck

scholarly journals Submandibular approach for orotracheal intubation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e49101220158
Author(s):  
Edela Puricelli ◽  
Deise Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Intraoperative Control ◽  
The Face

Introduction: Submandibular tracheal intubation is a technique that can be applied in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology, as well as other surgical specialties. Its main advantages are helping in the surgical manipulation of the middle facial skeleton and jaw and allowing the intraoperative control of dental occlusion. The technique is an alternative to elective tracheostomy. Objective and case report: The article presents the treatment of an adult patient, with sequelae of multiple fractures in the face due to a car accident, with endotracheal intubation using submandibular approach. Final considerations: In large surgical manipulations of the face, the submandibular approach for tracheal intubation allows a faster, facilitated anatomical access with a lower risk of damage to adjacent structures when compared to other pathways. It also guarantees excellent cervical mobility, the possibility of wide manipulation and the use of occlusion as a guide for surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Esthetic Considerations in Orthodontics: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Singh ◽  
Litesh Singla ◽  
Tanya Anand
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Esthetics has been an ever-evolving concept and has gained considerable importance in the field of orthodontics in the last few decades. The re-emergence of the soft tissue paradigm has further catapulted the interest of the orthodontist. So much so that achieving a harmonious profile and an esthetically pleasing smile has become the ideal goal of treatment and is no longer secondary to achieving a functional dental occlusion and/or a rigid adherence to skeletal and dental norms. Esthetics in the orthodontic sense can be divided into three categories: macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics. Macroesthetics includes the evaluation of the face and involves frontal assessment and profile analysis. The frontal assessment involves assessment of facial proportions, while the profile analysis involves evaluation of anterior–posterior position of jaws, mandibular plane, and incisor prominence and lip posture. Miniesthetics involves study of the smile framework involving the vertical tooth–lip relationship, smile type, transverse dimensions of smile, smile arc, and midline. Microesthetics involves the assessment of tooth proportions, height-width relationships, connectors and embrasures, gingival contours and heights, and tooth shade and color. The harmony between these factors enables an orthodontist to achieve the idealized esthetic result and hence these parameters deserve due consideration. The importance placed on a pleasing profile cannot be undermined and the orthodontist should aim for a harmonious facial profile over rigid adherence to standard average cephalometric norms. This article aims to give an overview of the macro, mini, and microesthetic considerations in relation to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks and Geometric Moments to Identify the Bilateral Symmetric Midplane in Facial Skeletons from CT Scans

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dalvit Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Thomas Richard Jenkyn ◽  
Victor Alexander Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
Geometric Moments ◽  
The Face

In reconstructive craniofacial surgery, the bilateral symmetry of the midplane of the facial skeleton plays an important role in surgical planning. Surgeons can take advantage of the intact side of the face as a template for the malformed side by accurately locating the midplane to assist in the preparation of the surgical procedure. However, despite its importance, the location of the midline is still a subjective procedure. The aim of this study was to present a 3D technique using a convolutional neural network and geometric moments to automatically calculate the craniofacial midline symmetry of the facial skeleton from CT scans. To perform this task, a total of 195 skull images were assessed to validate the proposed technique. In the symmetry planes, the technique was found to be reliable and provided good accuracy. However, further investigations to improve the results of asymmetric images may be carried out.

CANCER OF THE FACE AND ORAL CAVITY: SURGERY VERSUS RADIATION

1935 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Albert O. Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Nevus of Ota with Rare Palatal Involvement: A Case Report with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Archna Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Nevus Of Ota ◽  
The Face

Nevus of Ota, a dermal melanocytic nevus, is rare in the Indian subcontinent. It presents as a brown, blue, or gray patch on the face and is within the distribution of the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve. The oral cavity is infrequently involved in nevus of Ota. Only 11 cases have been documented in the English literature. We report a rare case of intraoral nevus of Ota in a 22-year-old male patient. This paper focuses on the differential diagnosis of oral manifestations of nevus of Ota to assist in proper followup to avert malignant transformation.

The developmental fate of the cephalic mesoderm in quail-chick chimeras

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Couly ◽  
P.M. Coltey ◽  
N.M. Le Douarin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Developmental Fate ◽  
Prechordal Mesoderm ◽  
The Face ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
Neurula Stage

The developmental fate of the cephalic paraxial and prechordal mesoderm at the late neurula stage (3-somite) in the avian embryo has been investigated by using the isotopic, isochronic substitution technique between quail and chick embryos. The territories involved in the operation were especially tiny and the size of the transplants was of about 150 by 50 to 60 microns. At that stage, the neural crest cells have not yet started migrating and the fate of mesodermal cells exclusively was under scrutiny. The prechordal mesoderm was found to give rise to the following ocular muscles: musculus rectus ventralis and medialis and musculus oblicus ventralis. The paraxial mesoderm was separated in two longitudinal bands: one median, lying upon the cephalic vesicles (median paraxial mesoderm—MPM); one lateral, lying upon the foregut (lateral paraxial mesoderm—LPM). The former yields the three other ocular muscles, contributes to mesencephalic meninges and has essentially skeletogenic potencies. It contributes to the corpus sphenoid bone, the orbitosphenoid bone and the otic capsules; the rest of the facial skeleton is of neural crest origin. At 3-somite stage, MPM is represented by a few cells only. The LPM is more abundant at that stage and has essentially myogenic potencies with also some contribution to connective tissue. However, most of the connective cells associated with the facial and hypobranchial muscles are of neural crest origin. The more important result of this work was to show that the cephalic mesoderm does not form dermis. This function is taken over by neural crest cells, which form both the skeleton and dermis of the face. If one draws a parallel between the so-called “somitomeres” of the head and the trunk somites, it appears that skeletogenic potencies are reduced in the former, which in contrast have kept their myogenic capacities, whilst the formation of skeleton and dermis has been essentially taken over by the neural crest in the course of evolution of the vertebrate head.

Climate Change Effects on Venomous Snakes

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-490
Author(s):  
Abdellah Bouazza ◽  
Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan ◽  
Abdelmohcine Aimrane ◽  
Kholoud Kahime ◽  
Aziza Lansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Snake Toxins

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the evidence of a relationship between climatic changes and snake species distribution in relation with the snakebites risk increment against human populations. The global climatic change is a key factor leading to snake species behavioral changes mainly because of the rise of temperature. The variety of venomous snakes and their related potency toward human being have been well documented. Thus, this may serve as a basic knowledge for any preventive act in the face of snake toxins and their caused physiopathological and clinical effects. In addition, several studies have shown that global warming have caused a change in snake habitat and distribution, thus leading to an increase of overlapped human and snake populations living territories which raise up the risk of envenomation. Globally, more than 20,000 deaths occur every year with a high tendency to increase. Thus, consideration of human risk of envenomation may be fundamental to the effective intervention in epidemiological and clinical scales.

scholarly journals Application of a Novel Automatic Method for Determining the Bilateral Symmetry Midline of the Facial Skeleton Based on Invariant Moments

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dalvit Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Thomas Richard Jenkyn ◽  
Victor Alexander Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Invariant Moments ◽  
Symmetric Pattern ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Midline

Assuming a symmetric pattern plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of facial asymmetry, for reconstructive craniofacial surgery, knowing the precise location of the facial midline is important since for most reconstructive procedures the intact side of the face serves as a template for the malformed side. However, the location of the midline is still a subjective procedure, despite its importance. This study aimed to automatically locate the bilateral symmetry midline of the facial skeleton based on an invariant moment technique using pseudo-Zernike moments. A total of 367 skull images were evaluated using the proposed technique. The technique was found to be reliable and provided good accuracy in the symmetry planes. This new technique will be utilized for subsequent studies to evaluate diverse craniofacial reconstruction techniques.

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