Pulmonary fungal infections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Tunnicliffe ◽  
Matthew Wise
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections ◽  
Endemic Mycoses

Pulmonary fungal infections remain relatively uncommon, although they are increasingly diagnosed as a consequence of a growing population of immunocompromised individuals, foreign travel, and improved diagnostic tools. Groups who were not previously thought to be at significant risk of invasive disease are also being recognized. The increasing incidence of fungal lung disease as a consequence of changing patient demographics means that clinicians will encounter cases in outpatient clinics, medical admission departments, and the intensive care unit with increasing frequency. As international travel increases, so too will presentations of endemic mycoses to respiratory physicians practising in the United Kingdom. Many fungi, such as Aspergillus species, are ubiquitous and can cause a spectrum of pulmonary disorders from colonization, leading to hypersensitivity reactions, to invasive disease with high mortality rates. This chapter considers commonly encountered fungi and how diseases associated with them may present.

Phaeohyphomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Arcobello ◽  
Sanjay G. Revankar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Cerebral Infection ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

AbstractPhaeohyphomycosis refers to infections due to a large group of heterogenous organisms called “dematiaceous” or “melanized” fungi. These fungi are distinguished by the predominance of melanin in their cell walls, which likely acts as a virulence factor. Virtually, everyone is exposed to dematiaceous fungi through inhalation, as they are ubiquitous in the environment, although the development of infection is extremely uncommon. Invasive disease is rare but remains important due to the ability to cause serious disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, unlike other fungal infections such as aspergillosis. A large variety of invasive manifestations can be caused by these organisms, including deep local infections, pulmonary infection, cerebral infection, and disseminated disease, which is associated with high mortality. While advances in molecular techniques are promising, they have still not replaced histology and culture as the primary diagnostic tools. Therapy is not standardized and is based primarily on clinical experience from descriptive case reports.

scholarly journals Trends of pulmonary fungal infections from 2013 to 2019: an AI-based real-world observational study in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-460
Author(s):  
Zhengtu Li ◽  
Yongming Li ◽  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Shaoqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections

scholarly journals Pulmonary Fungal Infections Affect Patients With COVID-19

JAMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (22) ◽  
pp. 2248
Author(s):  
Bridget M. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections

scholarly journals Surgery for Pulmonary Fungal Infections Complicating Hematological Malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamamichi ◽  
Hirotoshi Horio ◽  
Ayaka Asakawa ◽  
Masayuki Okui ◽  
Masahiko Harada
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Standards of care for patients with invasive fungal infections within the United Kingdom: A national audit

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schelenz ◽  
R.A. Barnes ◽  
C.C. Kibbler ◽  
B.L. Jones ◽  
D.W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
National Audit ◽  
The United Kingdom

Epidemiology of Haemophilus Type B Invasive Disease in Childhood in Glasgow

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coggins ◽  
C.W. Shepherd ◽  
F. Cockburn
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
The United Kingdom

The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in childhood in Glasgow. A retrospective study has been made on the hospital records of 252 children aged 0 to 12 years admitted to Glasgow hospitals during 1981–1990. The annual incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Glasgow was estimated at 39 per 100,000 children less than five years of age per year. The figure for Haemophilus meningitis was 23.8 per 100,000 children less than five years of age per year. Ninety-five per cent of all cases occurred in children less than five years of age and 72.1% of meningitis cases occurred before two years of age. There was a mortality of 2.77%. Long-term neurological sequelae were found in 15.3% of the survivors. The annual incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease is slightly higher in Glasgow than previously reported for the United Kingdom. The study provides baseline data to help assess efficacy of proposed early childhood vaccination.

scholarly journals Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Himanshi Narang ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Status and Coinfection of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Patients Referred to Reference Laboratory of Health Centers Ghaemshahr City during 2007-2017

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari Amiri ◽  
Rora Siami ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections ◽  
Student’S T

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most important health concerns. Pulmonary fungal infections have clinical and radiological characteristics similar to tuberculosis which may be easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. This study aimed to evaluate tuberculosis (TB) status and coinfection of TB with pulmonary fungal infections in patients referred to reference laboratory of health centers Ghaemshahr city during 2007-2017.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during eleven years, between 2007 2017, on 3577 patients with suspected TB referred to health centers of Ghaemshahr City. For isolation, sputum smear preparation and Ziehl-Neelson staining in companying with microscopy direct observation and KOH 10% + white Calcofluor staining was used. The culture of fungi was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose agar, Czapek and chrome agar media. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through Student's t-test, Fisher test, and Odds Ratio. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of 3577 patients, 10731 smears were prepared, 3.6% (n=130) of patients were identified as smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 86.4% (n=3090) were smear negative and 10% (n=357) drug-resistant TB. The mean age of patients was 48±1.8 years. With increasing age, the prevalence of TB has increased which was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Prevalence of tuberculosis in the age group over than 57 years in males and females had an ascending trend. Amongst the positive tuberculosis patients, 16/130 cases (12.3%) had the coinfection of TB with fungi microorganisms.CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the coinfection of fungi agents in patients with tuberculosis that should be considered. 

scholarly journals Invasive candida infection after bariatric surgery for morbid obesity presenting as late anastamotic leak

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanth Moode ◽  
◽  
KASSN Kalyan ◽  
Lakshmi Kona ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mini Gastric Bypass ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Invasive Candida Infection ◽  
Mortality Case ◽  
Gastrointestinal Candidiasis ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Post Bariatric Surgery

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) leaks are one of the most dreaded complications following bariatric surgery because of the difficulty in diagnosing them and the associated increased morbidity and mortality. Case report: Presenting one such case of 49 yr old gentleman who was on follow-up post bariatric surgery presented lately as acute abdomen and diagnosed as GI perforation and further evaluation and procedure carried out. Discussion: GI leakage after bariatric surgery has been identified as an independent risk factor associated with perioperative death. This highlights the importance of high index of suspicion for diagnosis of this potentially lethal complication. A positive radiology should not be awaited for before exploring patients in whom the diagnosis is still unclear. Conclusion: Histopathologic examination (HPE) remains one of the major diagnostic tools in mycology because it permits rapid, presumptive identification of fungal infections, even when blood cultures are negative. There are different ways to manage leaks, depending on the magnitude of the collection and the clinical presentation. Keywords: surgical pathology; gastrointestinal candidiasis; diagnosis; mini gastric bypass; bariatric surgery; candida.

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