scholarly journals Tuberculosis Status and Coinfection of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Patients Referred to Reference Laboratory of Health Centers Ghaemshahr City during 2007-2017

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari Amiri ◽  
Rora Siami ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections ◽  
Student’S T

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most important health concerns. Pulmonary fungal infections have clinical and radiological characteristics similar to tuberculosis which may be easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. This study aimed to evaluate tuberculosis (TB) status and coinfection of TB with pulmonary fungal infections in patients referred to reference laboratory of health centers Ghaemshahr city during 2007-2017.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during eleven years, between 2007 2017, on 3577 patients with suspected TB referred to health centers of Ghaemshahr City. For isolation, sputum smear preparation and Ziehl-Neelson staining in companying with microscopy direct observation and KOH 10% + white Calcofluor staining was used. The culture of fungi was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose agar, Czapek and chrome agar media. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through Student's t-test, Fisher test, and Odds Ratio. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of 3577 patients, 10731 smears were prepared, 3.6% (n=130) of patients were identified as smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 86.4% (n=3090) were smear negative and 10% (n=357) drug-resistant TB. The mean age of patients was 48±1.8 years. With increasing age, the prevalence of TB has increased which was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Prevalence of tuberculosis in the age group over than 57 years in males and females had an ascending trend. Amongst the positive tuberculosis patients, 16/130 cases (12.3%) had the coinfection of TB with fungi microorganisms.CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the coinfection of fungi agents in patients with tuberculosis that should be considered. 

scholarly journals Sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Behzadmehr ◽  
E. Nejadkehkha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chest X Ray

Despite many advances in the diagnosis, screening, and rapid treatment of tuberculosis, it is still a public health concern in the world. Due to the importance of this issue in diagnosis and reduction of transmission of infection and treatment of the disease especially where this study is conducted due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, this study was done to determine The relationship between sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a hospital in southeast of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pulmonary TB referencing the health centers in Zabol city, southeast of Iran from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2020. Sputum smear and radiographic findings of the chest X-ray were evaluated. Data was collected using a form of information and finally analyzed by SPSS 22. Out of 101 patients examined in the present study, 71 were women and 30 were men. The mean age of the patients was 62.68 ± 13.61 years. The frequency of opacity in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 was 71.4, 78.5, and 76.5%, respectively. Frequency of cavitation in patients with Grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.5%, 28.5% and 52.9% respectively (P value 0.001). The frequency of reticulonodular presentations in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 was 24.2, 7.1, and 0%, respectively.  In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (1+, 2+, and 3+), the frequency of cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (, the frequency of Cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. The findings of the present study can help physicians better diagnose TB.

scholarly journals Compliance to Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) Chemotherapy among the Patient of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Banke District of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Damaru Prasad Paneru
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tubercular infection is still a pervasive public health problem in Nepal despite the massive efforts of National Health Service stakeholders. High bacterial infectivity, transmissibility, increasing drug resistance and non compliance to the therapy have been adding up challenges to prevention and control of tuberculosis. This study was conducted to observe the treatment compliance pattern among new pulmonary sputum smear positive cases of tuberculosis. A cross sectional study was carried out in the year 2009. The 114 new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the six selected DOTS centres of the Banke Disrtict were randomly selected. Participants were selected from each DOTS centre by probability proportionate sampling methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS (11.0 Version) and P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Overall compliance to DOTS was 86.80 percent; of these, 57.00 percent showed excellent and regular compliance followed by nearly 30 percent good compliance. And 13.20 percent participants were non complaint to DOTS therapy. Positive Family behaviors were positively associated with compliance while alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with compliance however; age, sex and income were found to be non significant factors for compliance. Feeling of getting cure even before the course of DOTS therapy (feeling better after 2-3 months regular treatment) and drinking habits were found to be the major causes of non compliance. Supportive family behaviors and avoidance of alcohol consumption may promote the compliance. Excellent treatment compliance in the face of many odds is highly encouraging and the pattern can be useful in treatment despite little non compliances; furthermore compliance can be enhanced by acting on these causes of non compliances. Key words: Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, DOTS, Banke, Nepal

scholarly journals Thin-layer agar (TL7H11) for rapid isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Habiba Binte Alam ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Chandan Kumar Roy ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Mean Time

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major causes of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The early detection of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis is an important goal in tuberculosis control program.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> 1n this study, thin layer agar (TLA) culture was compared with Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture for rapid detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a cross sectional study conducted in National Tuberculosis Reference Labora­tory (NTRL) of National Institute of Disease of Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, from July 2010 to June 2011. A total of 100 sputum smear positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Z-N staining, pulmonary tuberculosis patients were included in this study. Samples were processed by modified Petroff method and then cultured on thin layer 7H11(TL7H11) plates and L-J tubes. TL7H11 plates were observed microscopically for rnicrocolony growth once a week for 6 weeks, and L-J tubes were observed once a week for 8 weeks.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The recovery rates of mycobacteria on only TLA, only LJ and on both media were 90%, 97% and 88% respectively. Overall positivity was 99% in both L-J and TLA media. Mean time for detection of mycobacteria on TLA was 9.04±1.66 days compared to 21.78±6.19 days on L-J media. The rate of contamination was higher (6%) in L-J media than in TLA media (4%). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The TL7H11 media can be used as an alternative to the Lowenstein-Jensen medium for early isolation of mycobacteria in resource constrained settings.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and the Conventional Sputum Microscopy in DetectingMycobacterium tuberculosisin Northern Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish ◽  
Romanee Chaiwarith ◽  
Chansom Pantip ◽  
Rassamee Keawvichit ◽  
Kanlaya Wongworapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sputum Microscopy ◽  
Lower Specificity ◽  
Negative Sputum ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background.Despite low sensitivity in detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, sputum acid-fast smear remains the main diagnostic method. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay versus conventional sputum acid-fast smear.Materials and Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Patients who were ≥15 years old and had clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were included.Results.109 specimens from 57 patients were included. Using MGIT sputum culture as a reference standard, the sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPEC) for Xpert were 95.3% (95% CI, 84.2%, 99.4%) and 86.4% (95% CI, 75.7%, 93.6%). The SEN and SPEC for sputum acid-fast smear were 60.5% (95% CI, 44.4%, 75.0%) and 98.5% (95% CI, 91.8%, 100%). Xpert had significantly higher sensitivity (pvalue < 0.001) and lower specificity (pvalue = 0.022) than sputum acid-fast smear. Among 43 culture-provenM. tuberculosisspecimens, sensitivity of Xpert was 100% (95% CI, 86.7%, 100%) in acid-fast positive smears (n=26) and 88.2% (95% CI, 63.5%, 98.5%) in acid-fast negative smears (n=17).Conclusions.The good sensitivity and specificity of Xpert assay in detectingM. tuberculosisfrom sputum specimens may help in early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly among patients who had acid-fast negative sputum smear.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K.G.R. Mallan ◽  
A. Fathahudeen ◽  
Manjula V.D.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Kerala State

Aim : To Determine the seroprevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care teaching institution, in Ernakulam district of Kerala state in India. Methods : Study was conducted in Respiratory medicine department and integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC) of Government Medical College, Ernakulam With approval of IEC after getting written informed consent , a cross sectional study was conducted among 384 pulmonary TB patients who were registered under the National TB elimination Programme (RNTCP). Result :The prevalence of HIV among study population was 1.3 %. There was no gender difference while the highest age group less than 30 followed by 30-60. The major respiratory pathology among study subjects was consolidation (42.7%) followed by fibrosis(25.3%).Consolidation was a predominant presenting pathology seen in female pulmonary TB patients.The sensitivity of sputum smear against CBNAAT was 60.4% and specificity was 83%. Conclusion : The prevalence is low compared with the national average of 3 to 3.4 % HIV co infection among Tuberculosis patients during the study period.

scholarly journals Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Sputum Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Subodh Sagar Dhakal ◽  
Ashmita Neupane ◽  
Shatdal Chaudhary ◽  
Navin Mishra ◽  
Damber Bdr Karki
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Smear Negative

INTRODUCTION: Sputum smear examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN stain) is the initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). But 50% of the cases are reported to be sputum smear negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. The sample was tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the XpertMTB/RIF assay, which is a new test that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance to rifampin in less than two hours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross sectional study carried out on 58 sputum smear negative patients who were clinically suspected to have pulmonary tuberculosis from April 2017 to January 2019. All patients are subjected to FOB, BAL and BAL specimens were stained for AFB and also sent for Xpert (MTB)/RIF. RESULTS: Among 58 patients enrolled for the study 26 patients were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) through BAL stain and Xpert (MTB)/RIF combined. CONCLUSION: FOB guided BAL is a reliable, alternative and rapid method for diagnosing smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis with minimal complications.

scholarly journals PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
NAVEED SHARIF ◽  
NAZIR AHMED ◽  
FAWAD HAMEED ◽  
Nosheen Rehan ◽  
Jawad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Objective: To study the age related radiological finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. Study design: A cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: From January 2009 to December 2009 pulmonary department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawal Pur. Patients and method: The cases diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis of either gender above age of 12 years were included in the study. Patients suffering from extra pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment failure, relapse, drug resistant tuberculosis and HIV sero-positive patients were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into groups according to the age. Group 1 consist of patients having age ≥ 50years while group 2 consist of patients having <50 years. Data was recorded on the Proforma and was analyzed statistically on SPSS 11. Results: this study consists of 106 patients and divided into two groups. It has been found that apical zone of lung involvement was more common in patients younger than 50 years while involvement of lower zone was more common in patients with age ≥50years. No significant difference was found regarding the involvement of middle zone, multiple zones and the type of lesions as the p-value was >0.05. Conclusions: the elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have predominant involvement of lower zones. So, lower zone involvement of radiological lesions should be evaluated for pulmonary tuberculosis to start the treatment earlier and to minimize the risk of missing the diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Knowledge and Breast Cancer Early Detection through BSE/Breast Self Examination in Nglames Villages Madiun

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Rika Maya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Improve Health

In Indonesia, based on data from the Global Burden of Cancer (Globocan), breast cancer inwomen (26 per 100,000), followed by uterus cancer (16 per 100,000). The easiest way and does notrequire a fee for early detection of breast cancer is the breast self examination (BSE). The purpose ofstudy was to analyze the correlation of women knowledge and early detection of breast cancer throughthe BSE. The design was analytic cross sectional study with the sample of 98 mothers in the villageNglames Madiun district. The data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed with Chi Square.The results showed most women had the knowledge and efforts of BSE well and there was a correlationsbetween women’s knowledge and early detection of breast cancer through the BSE with a significancelevel of p value 0,010 <0,05. The women were expected to enhance the knowledge about early detectionof breast cancer and for health centers to improve health education efforts in the community about theimportance of early detection of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Status of pulmonary fungal infections among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at a University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽  
Benson Musinguzi ◽  
James Mwesigye ◽  
Kennedy Kassaza ◽  
Joseph Turigurwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Abstract Background: Pulmonary mycoses are very important diseases of the respiratory tract and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary mycoses and their aetiological agents among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Method: This was a Laboratory based cross sectional survey in which 113 participants were recruited. Sputum samples were corrected from each study participant. To each sample the following tests were done; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) Culture, GeneXpert and Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Fungal growth of filamentous fungi and yeasts were further examined with LPCB and Germ tube respectively. Generated data was analysed using R studio. Results: Out of 113 participants, 80 (70.8%) had pulmonary mycoses whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis were 5 (4.4%). C. albicans 22.58% and Aspergillus species 17.20%) were the most aetiological agents for pulmonary mycoses identified among others. Of those who were TB GeneXpert positive, 2 (1.77%) of them were co-infected with pulmonary mycoses. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for PFI, 3 (60.0%) for MTB in HIV sero positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFI, 0 (0.00%) for MTB in HIV sero negative patients. On the other hand, 2 (100%) sero positive patients were co-infected with both PFI and MTB.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the medical importance of pulmonary fungal infections among patients suspected for TB. Importantly, the aetiological diversity established here is rich enough to suggest precise examination using different methods. Established scope of aetiological agents is predominated by opportunistic fungi which when superimposed on to certain underlying conditions such as TB, their effects can be fatal. Therefore this possibility presents a need to employ appropriate strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management in TB suspects.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Male Inmates in the Largest Prison of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gambhir Shrestha ◽  
Deepak Kumar Yadav ◽  
Rabin Gautam ◽  
Rashmi Mulmi ◽  
Dharanidhar Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Chest Auscultation ◽  
Male Inmates

Introduction. The prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is much higher in the prison population than in the general population. This study aims to find out the prevalence of PTB and its associated factors among inmates in eastern Nepal. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jhumka Regional Prison, the largest male prison of Eastern Nepal from September 2014 to August 2015. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to identify individuals with a cough more than one-week duration among 434 randomly selected inmates. Screening of PTB was done by sputum smear test and/or GeneXpert test. Prevalence of TB was defined as the number of cases detected during the study period divided by the total number of inmates screened during that period. Fisher’s exact test was used to find out the association of PTB with related variables. Results. A total of 434 inmates were screened for PTB with mean age 35.7 years and body mass index 22.7 kg/m2. A total of 68 inmates had a productive cough of more than a week and two patients were already on anti-tuberculosis therapy at the time of screening. Sixty sputum samples were considered for sputum smear/GeneXpert test and 6 of them (10%) had positive results. The prevalence of TB in the Prison was 1843/100,000 population. Chest pain and abnormal chest auscultation findings were found to be significantly associated with PTB. Conclusions. This study showed that there was a high rate of PTB among inmates in Nepal. The results suggest a need for effective screening of PTB and strategies to improve management including reduction of PTB transmission in the prison.

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