The investigation of haematuria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J Bryant ◽  
James W Catto
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Underlying Malignancy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lower Urinary

Haematuria is the presence of blood within the urine and is best defined as visible or non-visible, and symptomatic or non-symptomatic. Non-visible haematuria may be further classified as microscopic or dipstick, depending on the investigation used to detect it. Around 40% of patients presenting with visible haematuria will be found to have a significant underlying cause, and around 20% of patients will be found to have an underlying urological malignancy. Many younger patients will be found to have an underlying nephrological disease. The risk of significant underlying malignancy increases with the extent of haematuria (visible versus non-visible), the absence of symptoms and various patient factors (such as rising age, smoking status, and gender). As such, haematuria is an important urological symptom that requires investigation. These investigations should include clinical assessment, urinalysis, lower urinary tract endoscopy, and upper urinary tract radiological evaluation.

Obstructive urinary disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Noah E. Canvasser ◽  
Jennifer G. Rothschild ◽  
Frederick J. Meyers ◽  
Christopher P. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Advanced Malignancy ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Palliative Care Setting ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Lower Urinary

Both upper and lower urinary tract obstruction are prevalent in the palliative care setting. Although sometimes related to urological conditions, non-urological aetiologies are also seen. Common causes of lower urinary tract obstruction include benign prostatic hyperplasia in men, an underlying neurological condition, and advanced pelvic malignancy. In the acute setting, bladder decompression with a Foley catheter is the easiest and fastest way to resolve the problem. Common causes of upper urinary tract obstruction include nephrolithiasis and advanced malignancy. This chapter will address the evaluation and management of these common clinical issues.

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in the early disease phase of paediatric multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen R Scheepe ◽  
Yu Yi M Wong ◽  
E Daniëlle van Pelt ◽  
Immy A Ketelslegers ◽  
Coriene E Catsman-Berrevoets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Urinary Problems ◽  
Lower Urinary

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly prevalent in adults, but has not previously been described in paediatric MS. A total of 24 consecutive children with newly diagnosed MS were prospectively assessed for bladder and bowel problems early after diagnosis. Five of 24 children (21%) showed LUTD during assessment. One of these patients did not report voiding complaints. This high prevalence of LUTD indicates that all recently diagnosed patients with paediatric MS should be evaluated early in their disease and treated for urinary problems in order to prevent potential damage to the upper urinary tract.

scholarly journals Role of Uroflowmetry in Children with Ano-Rectal Malformation in Anticipating Upper Urinary Tract Damage

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 090-096
Author(s):  
Rahul Saxena ◽  
Arvind Sinha ◽  
Manish Pathak ◽  
Avinash S Jadhav ◽  
Ankur Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Determine Role ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Tract Damage ◽  
Lower Urinary

ABSTRACT Background: The lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) has high incidence in children with anorectal malformation (ARM) which if left untreated leads to upper tract damage. Aim: To determine role of uroflowmetry in early diagnosis of LUTD in children with ARM. Methods: This prospective study included twenty consecutive patients of ARM and every patient underwent uroflowmetry at-least 6 weeks after definitive procedure. Results: The mean age of patients was 3.015±0.86 years. Of the twenty patients, there were 12 (60%) males and 8 (40%) females; 11 (55%) were high ARM, 4 (20%) were intermediate and 5(25%) were low ARM. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was present in 8/20 (40%) patients but uroflowmetric abnormalities were present in 11/20 (55%) patients. Forty five percent (5/11) patients with abnormal uroflowmetry were asymptomatic and 25% (2/8) symptomatic patients had normal uroflowmetry. The incidence of uroflowmetric abnormalities was significantly higher in patients with spinal anomalies (p=0.03; χ2=4.1) and those with high ARM (p=0.004; χ2=8.1). Conclusion: Uroflowmetry is a noninvasive method that may help in early detection of neurovesical dysfunction in asymptomatic children and subsequent cystometric analysis in patients with uroflowmetric abnormalities can be done for early definitive diagnosis and prevention of upper urinary tract damage.

scholarly journals Impacts of renal insufficiency on hepatic profile among different chronic Lower Urinary tract; patients in Quetta

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Mohsin Jamal Buzdar ◽  
Alam Mengal ◽  
Talha Shahid Amin ◽  
Tahir Hameed ◽  
Furqan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Lower Urinary

Primary functions of kidneys to filter the blood by its cells called nephrons, products after metabolism and toxics produced by kidneys upper Urinary tract;  and stored in Lower Urinary tract; this helps the body for balance of, electrolytes, water, RBCs, leukocytes, ca and blood pressure. If the renal system not work properly it may cause some complications like kidney stones, electrolytes imbalance, which leads to different complications some time may leads to kidney failure .it also effects on blood cells, if kidneys not work properly our body retains water and toxics not excreted form blood steam, so patient may leads to death. The prevalence of kidney diseases is significantly increasing in pediatric population, that is   may be due to life style changes i.e. diet changes, environmental changes. .

Haematuria in children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alice Mears ◽  
Josie Colemeadow ◽  
Navroop S Johal
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Lower Urinary

Haematuria is a common finding in children and can be macroscopic or microscopic. In contrast to adults, haematuria in children very rarely indicates an underlying malignant pathology. The differential diagnosis is broad, with the most common underlying causes being infection, glomerulonephritis and hypercalciuria. It is useful to distinguish between nephrological or upper urinary tract and lower urinary tract pathologies, as this will guide investigations and referral. This review discusses the causes of haematuria in the paediatric population.

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