Neurobiology of Mental Illness

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Residents ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
And Behavior

This resource provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. In doing so it translates information from the basic laboratory to the clinical laboratory and finally to clinical treatment. The result is an excellent and cutting-edge resource for psychiatric residents, psychiatric researchers and doctoral students in neurochemistry and the neurosciences.

scholarly journals Carl Singer (1945-2013) – Life on a Plate: Yeast genetics meetings and micromanipulators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Singer ◽  
Terrance G Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Yeast Genetics

Abstract Micromanipulators, more than any other instrument, opened the early doors to developing the powerful genetics of yeast that underlies much of the molecular work today. The ability to separate the spores of a tetrad and analyze their phenotypes generated the genetic maps and biology upon which subsequent cloning, sequencing, cutting edge molecular and cell biology depended. This work describes the development of those micromanipulators from garage to barn to factory and the developer of the sophisticated instruments we use today. For more than 30 years Carl Singer and his family were staunch and generous supporters of the International Conferences on Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology meetings both in Europe and America. Carl Singer's displays at meetings became a traditional fixture and engaged the appetites of many students and advanced researchers to employ a technique that many perceived as too complicated or difficult, but which he made simple and easy to learn. His experiences also document a sketch of the international yeast meetings, their venues and how they developed through the years.

scholarly journals Operant/Classical Conditioning: Comparisons,Intersections and Interactions The 2014 Winter Conference on Animal Learning and Behavior Focus and Research Seminar Sessions

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Weiss ◽  
Jesús Rosales-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Training Context ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Animal Learning ◽  
Research Seminar ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Behavior

The Keynote Speaker at Winter Conference on Animal Learning and Behavior (WCALB) 2014 was Dr. Björn Brembs whose address was titled, Pavlovian and Skinnerian Processes Are Genetically Separable. The essence of the address, that describes the research on which Dr. Brembs based this conclusion, is described below. Articles in this issue representing the related Focus Session include: The Many Faces of Pavlovian Conditioning by Dr. Jozefowiez, Pavlov + Skinner = Premack by Dr. Killeen, Evocation of Behavioral Change by the Reinforcer is the Critical Event in Both the Classical and Operant Procedures by Dr. Donahoe, On Choice and the Law of Effect by Dr. Staddon, Response-Outcome versus Outcome-Response Associations in Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer: Effects of Instrumental Training Context by Gilroy, Everett and Delamater, and The Instrumentally-Derived Incentive-Motivational Function by Dr. Weiss. As a whole, they attempt to increase our contact with, and get at the essence of, what is actually happening with these operant and classical contingencies in the laboratory and nature. The Research Seminar Session revealed the current tendency for explanations of behavior to be reduced to physiology, neuroscience, and genetics. However, anti-reductionists saw shortcomings in this approach. They recommended an interconnected holistic approach which shifts the focus away from the structure of discrete behaviors and toward examining the environment in which the behavior occurs and the consequences produced. The distinction between structural and functional analysis points to a difficulty of integrating facts about behavior with other levels of analysis that requires our attention.

Design of a Prosthetic Ankle Complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 381-399
Author(s):  
Dheeman Bhuyan ◽  
Kaushik Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Ankle Prosthesis ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
Passive Damper ◽  
Ankle Complex ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Physiological Systems

Nature has, over a large span of geological time, engineered near perfect solutions to most problems humans face today. Motion of the limbs is one such area, and the cutting edge in the development of effective prostheses is biomimetics. Limb prostheses have been used by mankind for the better part of known history, and most of the technology currently available in prosthetics is not exclusively new. However, modern prosthetics either are uncomfortable—and the lack of flexion affects the gait of the patient—or too expensive for a large segment of the populace. This chapter seeks to study the mimicry of physiological systems through the design for an ankle prosthesis that includes a passive damper and mimics the shape and behavior of the natural ankle joint.

Transferring molecular biology to the clinical laboratory

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Geyer ◽  
A.Bennett Jenson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Clinical Laboratory

Charney & Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Complex Genetics ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
And Behavior

In the years following publication of the DSM-5, the field of psychiatry has seen vigorous debate between the DSM’s more traditional, diagnosis-oriented approach and the NIMH’s more biological, dimension-based RDoC approach. Charney & Nestler’s Neurobiology of Mental Illness is an authoritative foundation for translating information from the laboratory to clinical treatment, and this edition extends beyond its reference function to acknowledge and examine the controversies and thoughts on the future of psychiatric diagnosis. In this wider context, this book provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. Section I, which reviews the methods used to examine the biological basis of mental illness in animal and cell models and in humans, has been expanded to reflect important technical advances in complex genetics, epigenetics, stem cell biology, optogenetics, neural circuit functioning, cognitive neuroscience, and brain imaging. These established and emerging methodologies offer groundbreaking advances in our ability to study the brain and breakthroughs in our therapeutic toolkit. Sections II through VII cover the neurobiology and genetics of major psychiatric disorders: psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, dementias, and disorders of childhood onset. Also covered within these sections is a summary of current therapeutic approaches for these illnesses as well as the ways in which research advances are now guiding the search for new treatments. The last section, Section VIII, focuses on diagnostic schemes for mental illness. This includes an overview of the unique challenges that remain in diagnosing these disorders given our still limited knowledge of disease etiology and pathophysiology. The section then provides reviews of DSM-5 and RDoC. Also included are chapters on future efforts toward precision and computational psychiatry, which promise to someday align diagnosis with underlying biological abnormalities.

An Empirical Investigation of Mental Illness, Impostor Syndrome, and Social Support in Management Doctoral Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 105256292095319
Author(s):  
Adam Pervez ◽  
Lisa L. Brady ◽  
Ken Mullane ◽  
Kevin D. Lo ◽  
Andrew A. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Impostor Syndrome

Scholars in multiple cross-disciplinary studies have found rates of mental illness among graduate students exceed the reported averages. Yet mental illness among management doctoral students remains largely unexplored. In this study, we surveyed 113 management doctoral students to ascertain the prevalence of symptoms for two common mental illnesses, depression and anxiety, as well as experiences of impostor syndrome and perceived sources of social support. Empirical findings from the first phase of our research suggest that management doctoral students are at greater risk than the general population of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and feelings of being an impostor. However, social support from a supervisor and from friends was negatively related to symptoms of depression and anxiety, indicating that these sources can be helpful. In phase two of our research, a thematic analysis of data from structured interviews with nine management doctoral students revealed themes linking impostor syndrome with social support, highlighting that the type of social support may be as beneficial as the source of social support. Recommendations for future research, as well as for students, supervisors, and administrators, are provided.

Bricks and Behavior: The Repair and Maintenance Costs of Housing for Persons with Mental Illness

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Newman ◽  
Joseph Harkness ◽  
George Galster ◽  
James Reschovsky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Factors Related to the Severity of Delirium in the Elderly Patients With Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141773918 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Tuty Kuswardhani ◽  
Yosef Samon Sugi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Inpatient Ward ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in the elderly characterized by concurrent impairments in cognition and behavior. Infection is one of the most important risk factors for delirium. The objective of this study is to elaborate the factors related to the severity of delirium in the elderly patients with infection. Method: An observational study on the relationship of several clinical parameters and the severity of delirium in elderly patients (more than 60 years) with infection was conducted at Geriatric Inpatient Ward, Sanglah Hospital. Delirium was defined by the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). Charlson Age Comorbidity Index (CACI) scores were calculated as proposed by Charlson et al. Infection was confirmed by clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Results: During 3 months, there were 60 elderly patients (35 men and 25 women) who were hospitalized with infection and delirium. In all, 33 (55.0%), 16 (26.7%), and 11 (18.3%) patients had pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and other infections, respectively, and 44 out of 60 (73.3%) patients had sepsis. There was no significant difference found in MDAS score between male and female patients and among different types of infection, but patients with sepsis had higher MDAS score significantly compared with patients without sepsis (19.48 ± 3.72 vs. 15.88 ± 2.82; p < .001). This study revealed that of several clinical parameters, only CACI ( R = .533; p < .001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; R = .230; p = .040), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels ( R = .499; p < .001) were correlated with MDAS score significantly. By multiple linear regression test, CACI, IL-6, and sepsis have significant role, meanwhile, BUN has no role, on the severity of delirium. Conclusions: The CACI score, IL-6 levels, and sepsis have strong relationship with the severity of delirium, but BUN only has weak role in the severity of delirium in the elderly patients with infection.

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