Family Violence in the Air Force: A Look at Offenders and the Role of the Family Advocacy Program

<p>This thesis looks at how the identification and recording of family violence offending in the criminal justice system could be improved. In doing so it examines s 16A of the Criminal Procedure Act 2011, which was introduced in 2019 to ensure “family violence offences” are identified as such on charging documents and on the offender’s criminal record. This provision is known operationally as the “family violence flag”. The role of the family violence flag in relation to risk assessment is considered, particularly its ability to reveal a perpetrator’s prior family violence offending. Research has shown that a history of family violence is the most consistently identified risk factor for intimate partner lethality and risk of re-assault. The potential of the family violence flag to improve the evidence-base of family violence offending in New Zealand is also considered, which is important given the prevalence and detrimental impact of family violence in New Zealand. Analysis suggests that despite its recent introduction, changes could be made to s 16A to increase its utility. Accordingly, reform options to s 16A are proposed to better achieve the policy intent of the family violence flag, strengthening both its application and subsequent use.</p>

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Suspected Child and Spouse Maltreatment Referral Sources: Who Reports Child and Spouse Maltreatment to the Air Force Family Advocacy Program?

Military Medicine ◽

10.7205/milmed.173.12.1203 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 173 (12) ◽

pp. 1203-1209 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David J. Linkh ◽

Leasley K. Besetsny ◽

Pamela S. Collins ◽

Cynthia J. Thomsen ◽

Mandy M. Rabenhorst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Force ◽

Family Advocacy ◽

Advocacy Program

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The Role of Corporal Punishment of Children in the Perpetuation of Intimate Partner Violence in Australia

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/cha.2018.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 32-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Angelika Poulsen

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Family Violence ◽

Corporal Punishment ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Antisocial Behaviour ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Longitudinal Outcomes ◽

The Family

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been widely acknowledged as a prominent problem throughout Australia. A growing body of research has linked corporal punishment of children in the home with numerous adverse outcomes both in childhood and adulthood. Some of these adverse outcomes in childhood, such as aggression and antisocial behaviour, may be antecedents for involvement in violence as an adult. Adverse longitudinal outcomes of corporal punishment in childhood include involvement in intimate partner violence as an adult, both as victim and as perpetrator. Corporal punishment is a type of family violence that is legal in Australia, yet its role in the family violence scenario is not yet fully appreciated. This article presents extant scientific literature on the link between corporal punishment in childhood and involvement in intimate partner violence in adulthood, and argues for the employment of this knowledge in the implementation of policy making around corporal punishment of children.

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Child maltreatment re-offending in families served by the United States Air Force Family Advocacy Program

Child Abuse & Neglect ◽

10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.12.018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Randy J. McCarthy ◽

Joel S. Milner ◽

Sarah L. Coley ◽

LaJuana Ormsby ◽

Mark Oliver

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Air Force ◽

United States Air Force ◽

The United States ◽

Family Advocacy ◽

Advocacy Program

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Male Soldier Family Violence Offenders: Spouse and Child Offenders Compared to Child Offenders

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.24.4.458 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 458-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandra L. Martin ◽

Deborah A. Gibbs ◽

Ruby E. Johnson ◽

E. Danielle Rentz ◽

Monique Clinton-Sherrod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Abuse ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Family Violence ◽

Spouse Abuse ◽

Physical Child Abuse ◽

Program Policy ◽

Family Advocacy ◽

Advocacy Program ◽

First Time ◽

Married Male

Army data from 2000 to 2004 were used to compare two groups of married, male, Army soldier, first-time family violence offenders: 760 dual offenders (whose initial incident included both child maltreatment and spouse abuse) and 2,209 single offenders (whose initial incident included only child maltreatment). The majority (81%) of dual offenders perpetrated physical spouse abuse; however, dual offenders were less likely than single offenders to perpetrate physical child abuse (16% vs. 42%) or sexual child abuse (1% vs. 11%), but they were more likely to perpetrate emotional child abuse (45% vs. 12%). These findings may be, at least in part, explained in light of the Army Family Advocacy Program policy, which considers spouse offenders as also being emotional child abuse offenders since children may be traumatized by exposure to spouse abuse.

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Comparing Different Types of Child Abuse and Spouse Abuse Offenders

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vivi.19.2.137.64098 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 137-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joe F. Pittman ◽

Chih-Yuan S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Child Abuse ◽

Air Force ◽

Spouse Abuse ◽

Interpersonal Problems ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Family Climate ◽

Different Types ◽

Family Advocacy ◽

Advocacy Program ◽

Spouse Abusers

This study examined differences in offenders’ background characteristics, personal and interpersonal problems, and family climate between three types of child abuse offenders (neglecters, physical abusers, and psychological abusers) and two forms of spouse abuse offenders (physical abusers and psychological abusers) in two large samples (child abuse n = 2,910; spouse abuse; n = 7,035) of cases officially identified over a 8-year period (1988-1995) by the U.S. Air Force Family Advocacy Program. Comparisons addressed demographic factors, personal and interpersonal problems, and aspects of family climate. Among child abusers, results supported the conclusion that types of child abuse varied with offender demographics and family climate factors. For spouse abusers, however, types of abuse were not as distinctly different in terms of the comparison variables. In general, therefore, for child abuse—but not for spouse abuse—findings challenge the view of abuse as a unitary phenomenon.

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The Development of Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Key Correlates Among a Sample of Young Adults

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516651311 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1357-1387 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jennifer E. Copp ◽

Peggy C. Giordano ◽

Monica A. Longmore ◽

Wendy D. Manning

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Learning ◽

Family Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Family Of Origin ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Family

Social learning theory remains one of the leading explanations of intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on attitudes toward IPV represents a logical extension of the social learning tradition, as it is intuitive to expect that individuals exposed to violence in the family of origin may internalize behavioral scripts for violence and adopt attitudes accepting of IPV. Yet despite this assumed link between family violence and attitudes toward IPV, few studies have empirically examined factors associated with the development of such attitudes. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study (TARS), we examine the role of family violence on the adoption of attitudes accepting of IPV among a sample of young adults ( n = 928). The current investigation contributes to existing literature on attitudes toward IPV by (a) providing an empirical examination of factors associated with attitudes toward IPV in predictive models; (b) relying on a multifaceted index, describing specific conditions under which IPV may be deemed justifiable; (c) examining extra-familial factors, in addition to family violence exposure, to provide a more comprehensive account of factors associated with attitudes toward IPV; and (d) focusing particular attention on the role of gender, including whether the factors associated with attitudinal acceptance of IPV are similar for men and women. Findings indicated considerable variation in overall endorsement of attitudes regarding the use of violence across conditions, with greater endorsement among women. Consistent with social learning approaches to IPV, exposure to violence in the family of origin was associated with attitudes toward IPV. Yet findings also signaled the salience of factors beyond the family, including a range of sociodemographic, relationship, and adult status characteristics. We discuss the relevance of our findings for future theorizing and research in the area of attitudes toward IPV.

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Reducing Family Violence: The Role of the Family Violence Council

Juvenile and Family Court Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00729.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leonard P. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Family Violence ◽

The Family

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Factors Predicting Family Violence Revictimization Among Army Families With Child Maltreatment

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/10775595211008997 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107755952110089

Author(s):

Miranda P. Kaye ◽

Keith R. Aronson ◽

Daniel F. Perkins

Keyword(s):

Child Maltreatment ◽

Family Violence ◽

Central Registry ◽

Community Risk ◽

Case Files ◽

Family Advocacy ◽

The Individual ◽

Advocacy Program ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact

The Army Family Advocacy Program (Army FAP) strives to prevent family violence and intervene to reduce the deleterious effects of exposure to family violence. This paper examines the individual, family, community, and treatment factors associated with family violence revictimization. Case files of 134 families with substantiated child maltreatment and associated Army FAP interventions that closed in 2013 were coded across risk and protective factors and intervention characteristics and were matched to Army Central Registry files to identify revictimization rates through 2017. Revictimization, experienced by 23% of families, was predicted by community risk and reduced by intervention dose. With the high rates of relocations, housing or neighborhood issues, and the isolation military families experience and the relationship of these concerns to repeated family violence, identifying the impact of community risk is particularly important. Similarly, research that elucidates the effective treatment components is needed.

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