scholarly journals Relative occurrence rates of terrestrial planets orbiting FGK stars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Continuous Density ◽  
Relative Occurrence ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Kernel Model

Abstract This paper aims to derive a map of relative planet occurrence rates that can provide constraints on the overall distribution of terrestrial planets around FGK stars. Based on the planet candidates in the Kepler DR25 data release, I first generate a continuous density map of planet distribution using a Gaussian kernel model and correct the geometric factor that the discovery space of a transit event decreases along with the increase of planetary orbital distance. Then I fit two exponential decay functions of detection efficiency along with the increase of planetary orbital distance and the decrease of planetary radius. Finally, the density map of planet distribution is compensated for the fitted exponential decay functions of detection efficiency to obtain a relative occurrence rate distribution of terrestrial planets. The result shows two regions with planet abundance: one corresponds to planets with radii between 0.5 and 1.5 R⊕ within 0.2 AU, the other corresponds to planets with radii between 1.5 and 3 R⊕ beyond 0.5 AU. It also confirms the features that may be caused by atmospheric evaporation: there is a vacancy of planets of sizes between 2.0 and 4.0 R⊕ inside of ∼ 0.5 AU, and a valley with relatively low occurrence rates between 0.2 and 0.5 AU for planets with radii between 1.5 and 3.0 R⊕.

scholarly journals Research on a Rice Counting Algorithm Based on an Improved MCNN and a Density Map

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Ao Feng ◽  
Hongxiang Li ◽  
Zixi Liu ◽  
Yuanjiang Luo ◽  
Haibo Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Weight ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Adhesion Condition

The thousand grain weight is an index of size, fullness and quality in crop seed detection and is an important basis for field yield prediction. To detect the thousand grain weight of rice requires the accurate counting of rice. We collected a total of 5670 images of three different types of rice seeds with different qualities to construct a model. Considering the different shapes of different types of rice, this study used an adaptive Gaussian kernel to convolve with the rice coordinate function to obtain a more accurate density map, which was used as an important basis for determining the results of subsequent experiments. A Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network was used to extract the features of different sizes of rice, and the features were fused by the fusion network to learn the mapping relationship from the original map features to the density map features. An advanced prior step was added to the original algorithm to estimate the density level of the image, which weakened the effect of the rice adhesion condition on the counting results. Extensive comparison experiments show that the proposed method is more accurate than the original MCNN algorithm.

The Effects of Elaboration in Creativity Tests as it Pertains to Overall Scores and How it Might Prevent a Person From Thinking of Creative Ideas During the Early Stages of Brainstorming and Idea Generation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Dippo ◽  
Barry Kudrowitz
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Occurrence ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Creative Solutions

Previous studies have found that the first few ideas we think of for a given prompt are likely to be less original than the later ideas. In this study, 460 participants were given the Alternative Uses Test (AUT) where they were asked to list alternative uses for a paperclip, creating a database of 235 unique answers, each having a relative occurrence rate in that pool. It was found that later responses were significantly more novel than early responses and on average the originality of responses exponentially increased with quantity. A closer look at this data reveals that a person is likely to have a lower overall originality score if he or she has more elaborate responses. 89 of these participants were also given the Abbreviated Torrance Test For Adults (ATTA) and the data from both tests was used to study relationships between elaboration, fluency, and originality. The data from the AUT reveals a strong negative correlation between an individual’s average number of words per response and his or her average originality score. It is hypothesized that people who spend more time writing multiple-word responses have less time to generate many different ideas thus hindering their ability to reach the novel ideas. Similarly, the ATTA reveals that after two extraneous details, elaboration on a drawing will negatively impact fluency and originality scores. This is not to say that elaborate ideas cannot be original, but rather that in time-limited situations, elaboration may hinder the production of original ideas. In applying this to real world problem solving and idea generation, it is suggested that people may prevent themselves from finding creative solutions if too much time is spent on discussing the first few suggested ideas from a brainstorming session. It is suggested that a more effective brainstorming session will delay discussion until a significant number of ideas are generated.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Vector Machine Support in the Field of Intrusion Detection Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouafae Elaeraj ◽  
Cherkaoui Leghris
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Detection Systems

With the increase in Internet and local area network usage, malicious attacks and intrusions into computer systems are growing. The design and implementation of intrusion detection systems became extremely important to help maintain good network security. Support vector machines (SVM), a classic pattern recognition tool, has been widely used in intrusion detection. They make it possible to process very large data with great efficiency and are easy to use, and exhibit good prediction behavior. This paper presents a new SVM model enriched with a Gaussian kernel function based on the features of the training data for intrusion detection. The new model is tested with the CICIDS2017 dataset. The test proves better results in terms of detection efficiency and false alarm rate, which can give better coverage and make the detection more effective.

scholarly journals Are all RR Lyrae stars modulated?

2018 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. L4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geza Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Mode ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Rr Lyrae Stars ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Efficiency Test ◽  
Lyrae Stars ◽  
True Occurrence

We analyzed 151 variables previously classified as fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars from Campaigns 01–04 of the Kepler two-wheel (K2) archive. By employing a method based on the application of systematics filtering with the aid of co-trending light curves in the presence of a large amplitude signal component, we searched for additional Fourier signals in the close neighborhood of the fundamental period. We found only 13 stars without such components, yielding the highest rate of modulated (Blazhko) stars detected so far (91 %). A detection efficiency test suggests that this occurrence rate likely implies a 100 % underlying rate. Furthermore, the same test performed on a subset of the Large Magellanic Cloud RR Lyrae stars from the MACHO archive shows that the conjecture of high true occurrence rate fits well to the low observed rate derived from this database.

scholarly journals An Investigation into Soft Error Detection Efficiency at Operating System Level

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Amir Asghari ◽  
Okyay Kaynak ◽  
Hassan Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Soft Errors ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Soft Error ◽  
System Level ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Transient Errors ◽  
System Components

Electronic equipment operating in harsh environments such as space is subjected to a range of threats. The most important of these is radiation that gives rise to permanent and transient errors on microelectronic components. The occurrence rate of transient errors is significantly more than permanent errors. The transient errors, or soft errors, emerge in two formats: control flow errors (CFEs) and data errors. Valuable research results have already appeared in literature at hardware and software levels for their alleviation. However, there is the basic assumption behind these works that the operating system is reliable and the focus is on other system levels. In this paper, we investigate the effects of soft errors on the operating system components and compare their vulnerability with that of application level components. Results show that soft errors in operating system components affect both operating system and application level components. Therefore, by providing endurance to operating system level components against soft errors, both operating system and application level components gain tolerance.

scholarly journals A Population of planetary systems characterized by short-period, Earth-sized planets

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. 12023-12028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. Steffen ◽  
Jeffrey L. Coughlin
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Period ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Hot Jupiters ◽  
Transiting Planets ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Analyze Data

We analyze data from the Quarter 1–17 Data Release 24 (Q1–Q17 DR24) planet candidate catalog from NASA’s Kepler mission, specifically comparing systems with single transiting planets to systems with multiple transiting planets, and identify a population of exoplanets with a necessarily distinct system architecture. Such an architecture likely indicates a different branch in their evolutionary past relative to the typical Kepler system. The key feature of these planetary systems is an isolated, Earth-sized planet with a roughly 1-d orbital period. We estimate that at least 24 of the 144 systems we examined (≳17%) are members of this population. Accounting for detection efficiency, such planetary systems occur with a frequency similar to the hot Jupiters.

Relative occurrence rate and geoeffectiveness of large-scale types of the solar wind

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Yermolaev ◽  
N. S. Nikolaeva ◽  
I. G. Lodkina ◽  
M. Yu. Yermolaev
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Relative Occurrence ◽  
Scale Types
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