scholarly journals Two Patterns of Genome Organization in Mammals: the Chromosomal Distribution of Duplicate Genes in Human and Mouse

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Human And Mouse

scholarly journals Mammalian Septins Nomenclature

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4111-4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Macara ◽  
Richard Baldarelli ◽  
Christine M. Field ◽  
Michael Glotzer ◽  
Yasuhide Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Gene Nomenclature ◽  
Nomenclature System ◽  
Nomenclature Committee ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Mouse Genomic

There are 10 known mammalian septin genes, some of which produce multiple splice variants. The current nomenclature for the genes and gene products is very confusing, with several different names having been given to the same gene product and distinct names given to splice variants of the same gene. Moreover, some names are based on those of yeast or Drosophilaseptins that are not the closest homologues. Therefore, we suggest that the mammalian septin field adopt a common nomenclature system, based on that adopted by the Mouse Genomic Nomenclature Committee and accepted by the Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee. The human and mouse septin genes will be namedSEPT1–SEPT10 and Sept1–Sept10, respectively. Splice variants will be designated by an underscore followed by a lowercase “v” and a number, e.g., SEPT4_v1.

scholarly journals Chromosomal distribution of the retroelements Rex 1, Rex 3 and Rex 6 in species of the genus Harttia and Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane B. Traldi ◽  
Roberto L. Lui ◽  
Juliana de F. Martinez ◽  
Marcelo R. Vicari ◽  
Viviane Nogaroto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Markers ◽  
Molecular Domestication

ABSTRACT The transposable elements (TE) have been widely applied as physical chromosome markers. However, in Loricariidae there are few physical mapping analyses of these elements. Considering the importance of transposable elements for chromosomal evolution and genome organization, this study conducted the physical chromosome mapping of retroelements (RTEs) Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6 in seven species of the genus Harttia and four species of the genus Hypostomus, aiming to better understand the organization and dynamics of genomes of Loricariidae species. The results showed an intense accumulation of RTEs Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6 and dispersed distribution in heterochromatic and euchromatic regions in the genomes of the species studied here. The presence of retroelements in some chromosomal regions suggests their participation in various chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, the intense accumulation of three retroelements in all species of Harttia and Hypostomus, especially in euchromatic regions, can indicate the participation of these elements in the diversification and evolution of these species through the molecular domestication by genomes of hosts, with these sequences being a co-option for new functions.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

Binucleate Spermiogenesis in the Mouse

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Intercellular Bridges ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Human And Mouse

Classically, the male germinal epithelium is depicted as synchronously developing uninucleate spermatids conjoined by intercellular bridges. Recently, binucleate and multinucleate spermatids from human and mouse testis have been reported. The present paper describes certain developmental events in one type of binucleate spermatid in the seminiferous epithelium of the mouse.Testes of adult mice (ABP Jax) were removed from the animals after cervical dislocation and placed into 2.5% glutaraldehyde/Millonig's phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Testicular capsules were gently split and separated, exposing the tubules. After 15 minutes the tissue was carefully cut into cubes (approx. 1mm), fixed for an additional 45 minutes and processed for electron microscopy.

The in vivo distribution and dynamics of DNA topoisomerase II in Drosophila embryonic nuclei and chromosomes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Jason R. Swedlow ◽  
Neil Osheroff ◽  
Tim Karr ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Dna Topoisomerase ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Dnase Treatment

DNA topoisomerase II is an ATP-dependent double-stranded DNA strand-passing enzyme that is necessary for full condensation of chromosomes and for complete segregation of sister chromatids at mitosis in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical characterization of chromosomes or nuclei after extraction with high-salt or detergents and DNAse treatment showed that topoisomerase II was a major component of this remnant, termed the chromosome scaffold. The scaffold has been hypothesized to be the structural backbone of the chromosome, so the localization of topoisomerase II to die scaffold suggested that the enzyme might play a structural role in the chromosome. However, topoisomerase II has not been studied in nuclei or chromosomes in vivo. We have monitored the chromosomal distribution of topoisomerase II in vivo during mitosis in the Drosophila embryo. This embryo forms a multi-nucleated syncytial blastoderm early in its developmental cycle. During this time, the embryonic nuclei synchronously progress through 13 mitotic cycles, so this is an ideal system to follow nuclear and chromosomal dynamics.

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