Protocol recommended by the CSGMT/JEMS.MMS for the short-term mouse peripheral blood micronucleus test

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient’s cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

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Evaluation of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam in vitro and in vivo

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502014000200003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256

Author(s):

Igor Vivian de Almeida ◽

Giovana Domingues ◽

Lilian Capelari Soares ◽

Elisângela Düsman ◽

Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a sedative benzodiazepine prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. However, there are concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects of this medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of FNZ in hepatoma cells from Rattus norvegicus (HTC) in vitro and in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. These effects were examined in vitro following treatment with 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 10 μg/mL FNZ using a micronucleus test with a cytokinesis block or in vivo using a chromosomal aberration test following treatment with 7, 15 or 30 μg/mL/kg body weight. The results showed that the benzodiazepine concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, aneugenic or clastogenic. However, considering the adverse effects of using this benzodiazepine, more studies are required.

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Evaluation of the rat bone marrow and peripheral blood micronucleus test using monocrotaline

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/s1383-5718(97)00077-6 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 392 (3) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Raymond J Proudlock ◽

Joanne Statham ◽

Wayne Howard

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Rat Bone

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The micronucleus test of methyl methanesulfonate with mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes using acridine orange-coated slides

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/0165-1218(92)90220-t ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 278 (2-3) ◽

pp. 117-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. Sugiyama ◽

Y. Miyamae ◽

H. Kobayashi ◽

Y. Fujino ◽

M. Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acridine Orange ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Methyl Methanesulfonate

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Peripheral blood blast cell progenitors in human preleukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v59.1.106.106 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 106-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

JS Senn ◽

HA Messner ◽

PH Pinkerton ◽

L Chang ◽

B Nitsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Leukemia ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Tritiated Thymidine ◽

Blast Cell ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure

Abstract Progenitors of blast cell colonies have been identified in acute leukemia. The peripheral blood of 18 of 25 patients with preleukemic states yielded low numbers of blast cell colonies, and the colony- forming cells were in an active proliferative state when assessed using short-term exposure to tritiated thymidine. The clinical significance of blast cell colonies is uncertain, but we suggest that further analysis of this cultural abnormality may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms and management in preleukemia.

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Impact of Short-Term Systemic Hypoxia on Phagocytosis, Cytokine Production, and Transcription Factor Activation in Peripheral Blood Cells

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2011/429501 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michael Fritzenwanger ◽

Christian Jung ◽

Bjoern Goebel ◽

Alexander Lauten ◽

Hans R. Figulla

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Short Term ◽

Transcription Factor Activation ◽

Systemic Hypoxia

Hypoxia frequently associated with certain physiologic and pathologic conditions influences numerous cellular functions. Because the effects of short-term hypoxia are incompletely understood, we examined phagocytosis and cytokine production as well as the activation of the transcription factors HIF-1 and NFκB in peripheral blood cells of healthy volunteers exposed to an oxygen concentration equivalent to that found at a height of 5500 m. Furthermore, we analysed plasma HIF-1 and serum concentrations of various HIF-1-dependent genes. Results showed that short-term hypoxia increased phagocytosis in neutrophils without affecting monocyte phagocytosis. Hypoxia decreased basal TNFα concentration in monocytes and basal interferon γ concentration in CD4+T lymphocytes. In contrast, plasma HIF and serum VEGF concentrations were not affected by hypoxia, although serum EPO concentration was raised. In PBMC, hypoxia increased cytosolic HIF-1 concentration without affecting nuclear HIF-1 concentration and led to a rise in the nuclear NFκB in PBMC. Our results show that short-term hypoxia affects immune functions in healthy individuals. Furthermore, we speculate that the effects of hypoxia are not due to HIF-1, but are caused by the activation of NFκB .

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