scholarly journals IMMU-02. CH14.18 IN THE TREATMENT OF HIGH-RISK NEUROBLASTOMA: A META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i27-i27
Author(s):  
Sameerah Abdel-Khaleq ◽  
Lina Alim ◽  
Atholl Johnston ◽  
Khloud Adam
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
And Control

Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) is a rare malignancy that mainly affects young children. Long-term survival remains low despite aggressive, multimodal treatment regimens. The aim is to assess the effect of Ch14.18, a novel anti-GD2 antibody, on survival in HRNB. In this meta-analysis, Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Clinicaltrials.gov bibliographic databases were searched from inception to 1st July 2018. Prospective or retrospective interventional clinical trials with at least two arms or observational cohort or case-control studies were eligible. Participants had to have HRNB. Ch14.18 was the intervention of choice. Any control, comparator treatments were accepted. Studies were appraised for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Data was extracted from published reports. Primary outcomes assessed were Event-Free Survival (EFS) and Overall Survival (OS) and presented as Weighted Mean EFS (%) ± Standard Error (SE) and Weighted Mean OS (%) ± Standard Error (SE), respectively. Combined effect size was elicited for EFS±SE and OS±SE. The search yielded 367 results of which 7 studies conducted on 1727 patients were eligible for inclusion. The weighted mean EFS±SE for Ch14.18 regimens (n=779) and control regimens (n=787) were 55.6±2.0% and 41.2±1.7%, respectively. The weighted mean OS±SE for Ch14.18 regimens (n=430) and control regimens (n=348) were 63.4±2.3% and 53.6±2.7%, respectively. Results of the meta analysis yielded statistical power >94%. The combined effect size of Ch14.18 regimens for EFS±SE was 0.2907±0.05 [95% CI: 0.19–0.39, p<0.001] and the combined effect size for OS±SE was 0.26±0.07 [95% CI: 0.11- 0.4, p<0.001]. Significant superior survival outcomes were achieved with the use of Ch14.18 in the treatment of HRNB. These findings support using Ch14.18 as an adjunct in maintenance therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma. This meta analysis is the first of its kind. Survival outcomes are to be interpreted with caution due to confounding bias.

The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

scholarly journals The Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Gastric Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482199743
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Zheling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
And Control

Background: Treatment options for advanced gastric esophageal cancer are quite limited. Chemotherapy is unavoidable at certain stages, and research on targeted therapies has mostly failed. The advent of immunotherapy has brought hope for the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze the safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the long-term survival of patients who were diagnosed as gastric esophageal cancer and received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Method: Studies on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy of advanced gastric esophageal cancer published before February 1, 2020 were searched online. The survival (e.g. 6-month overall survival, 12-month overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates (ORR)) and adverse effects of immunotherapy were compared to that of control therapy (physician’s choice of therapy). Results: After screening 185 studies, 4 comparative cohort studies which reported the long-term survival of patients receiving immunotherapy were included. Compared to control group, the 12-month survival (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.12, P < 0.0001) and 18-month survival (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.81, P = 0.0001) were significantly longer in immunotherapy group. The 3-month survival rate (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.36 to 3.06, P = 0.92) and 18-month survival rate (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.12, P = 0.07) were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group. The ORR were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.65 to 3.66, P = 0.01). Meta-analysis pointed out that in the PD-L1 CPS ≥10 sub group population, the immunotherapy could obviously benefit the patients in tumor response rates (OR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.89 to 7.61, P = 0.0002). Conclusion: For the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy or palliative care.

scholarly journals A Statistical Method for Synthesizing Meta-Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liansheng Larry Tang ◽  
Michael Caudy ◽  
Faye Taxman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Summary Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Similar Search

Multiple meta-analyses may use similar search criteria and focus on the same topic of interest, but they may yield different or sometimes discordant results. The lack of statistical methods for synthesizing these findings makes it challenging to properly interpret the results from multiple meta-analyses, especially when their results are conflicting. In this paper, we first introduce a method to synthesize the meta-analytic results when multiple meta-analyses use the same type of summary effect estimates. When meta-analyses use different types of effect sizes, the meta-analysis results cannot be directly combined. We propose a two-step frequentist procedure to first convert the effect size estimates to the same metric and then summarize them with a weighted mean estimate. Our proposed method offers several advantages over existing methods by Hemming et al. (2012). First, different types of summary effect sizes are considered. Second, our method provides the same overall effect size as conducting a meta-analysis on all individual studies from multiple meta-analyses. We illustrate the application of the proposed methods in two examples and discuss their implications for the field of meta-analysis.

Two decades of digital interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Darin Pauley ◽  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Davide Papola ◽  
Clara Miguel ◽  
Eirini Karyotaki
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Digital interventions for anxiety disorders are a promising solution to address barriers to evidence-based treatment access. Precise and powerful estimates of digital intervention effectiveness for anxiety disorders are necessary for further adoption in practice. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of digital interventions across all anxiety disorders and specific to each disorder v. wait-list and care-as-usual controls. Methods A systematic search of bibliographic databases identified 15 030 abstracts from inception to 1 January 2020. Forty-seven randomized controlled trials (53 comparisons; 4958 participants) contributed to the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted by an anxiety disorder, risk of bias, treatment support, recruitment, location and treatment adherence. Results A large, pooled effect size of g = 0.80 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.68–0.93] was found in favor of digital interventions. Moderate to large pooled effect sizes favoring digital interventions were found for generalized anxiety disorder (g = 0.62), mixed anxiety samples (g = 0.68), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (g = 1.08) and social anxiety disorder (g = 0.76) subgroups. No subgroups were significantly different or related to the pooled effect size. Notably, the effects of guided interventions (g = 0.84) and unguided interventions (g = 0.64) were not significantly different. Supplemental analysis comparing digital and face-to-face interventions (9 comparisons; 683 participants) found no significant difference in effect [g = 0.14 favoring digital interventions; Confidence Interval: −0.01 to 0.30]. Conclusion The precise and powerful estimates found further justify the application of digital interventions for anxiety disorders in place of wait-list or usual care.

Systematic Review of Local Studies Regarding Efficiency of Add-On Medications on Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoja Shafti
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Deficit Syndrome ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Background: While negative symptoms are connected with poor functioning and quality of life, pharmacological managements have imperfect effects on deficit syndrome and may even subsidize or aggravate secondary negative symptoms. Meanwhile, management of negative symptoms by means of add-on medications has resulted in instable consequences. Objective: In the current tryout, some of the indigenous systematic issued studies have been the theme of a new meta-analysis, to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive psychotropic drugs on deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. Methods: Twelve randomized placebo-control trials (n=433), which had been implemented in Razi psychiatric hospital in the last 14 years, had been selected for the present analysis. As a shared protocol, all cases had been selected amongst the male inpatients, who were hospitalized in chronic section of the hospice and had been diagnosed schizophrenia in line with “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision”. In this regard, the aforesaid samples had been entered into matching-group, double-blind assessments for random assignment to a psychotropic medication (like antidepressant, benzodiazepine, psycho-stimulant, Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors) or placebo in addition to their current drug. In these trials, “Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)” had been used as the main outcome measure for evaluation of negative symptoms. Also, response was defined as a decrease in >20% in the severity of SANS score (over-all and/or sub-scales). Results: While the heterogeneity of the present meta-analysis was intermediate, the “Combined Effect Size” of the aforesaid assessments has revealed a significant influence respecting efficiency of psychotropic drugs on negative symptoms of schizophrenia (OR = 5.40, CI=2.69- 10.85, z= 5.32, p<0.000). Similar results, as well, could be found in connection with various negative symptoms. In this regard, ‘Anhedonia-Asociality’ showed the best “Combined Effect Size”, afterwards “Affective Blunting”, “Avolitio -Apathy”, “Attention Deficit”, and last of all “Alogia”. “Heterogeneity” of all said analysis was insignificant and therefore appropriate. Conclusion: According to the findings, psychotropic drugs, as add-on medications, have valuable influence in regard to amelioration of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Changes in Unilateral Amblyopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Yi Dong ◽  
Kanxing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depth Imaging ◽  
Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
And Control

Purpose. To date, the topic of amblyopic changes remains controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate choroidal changes in unilateral amblyopia. Methods. Major literature databases were searched for amblyopia-relevant studies. Using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), the primary outcome parameters examined were subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and different choroidal thickness (CT) positions. Efficacy estimates were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for choroidal-associated changes. We performed subgroup analysis and metaregression analysis to examine potential sources of heterogeneity. Results. Eleven cross-sectional studies that included a total of 768 participants were identified. The amblyopic eye SFCT was thicker than that of the fellow and control (normal) eyes (WMDamblyopia versus fellow=49.24, 95% CI of 30.22 to 68.27, p<0.001; WMDamblyopia versus control=54.51, 95% CI of 32.17 to 76.85, p<0.001). There were no differences between the fellow and control eyes (WMD=13.81, 95% CI of 1.16 to 28.77, p=0.071). Subgroup and metaregression analyses indicated that the OCT type was the main source of heterogeneity. Conclusions. The CT in the amblyopic eyes was thicker than that in the fellow and control eyes.

Effect Size Standard Errors for the Non-Normal Non-Identically Distributed Case

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoben Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Sample Statistic ◽  
Size Standard ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control

Suppose there are k independent studies and for each study the experimental and control groups have been sampled from independent but essentially arbitrary populations. The problem is to construct a plausible standard error of the effect size mean (effect sizes are standardized experimental-control group mean differences) when given only minimal sample statistic information. Standard errors based on the sample standard error, or bootstrap, will typically be much too large and have very large variance. A normal theory estimator may prove practically useful in more general settings. Asymptotic distribution-free estimators are provided for two cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document