The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

scholarly journals A Statistical Method for Synthesizing Meta-Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liansheng Larry Tang ◽  
Michael Caudy ◽  
Faye Taxman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Summary Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Similar Search

Multiple meta-analyses may use similar search criteria and focus on the same topic of interest, but they may yield different or sometimes discordant results. The lack of statistical methods for synthesizing these findings makes it challenging to properly interpret the results from multiple meta-analyses, especially when their results are conflicting. In this paper, we first introduce a method to synthesize the meta-analytic results when multiple meta-analyses use the same type of summary effect estimates. When meta-analyses use different types of effect sizes, the meta-analysis results cannot be directly combined. We propose a two-step frequentist procedure to first convert the effect size estimates to the same metric and then summarize them with a weighted mean estimate. Our proposed method offers several advantages over existing methods by Hemming et al. (2012). First, different types of summary effect sizes are considered. Second, our method provides the same overall effect size as conducting a meta-analysis on all individual studies from multiple meta-analyses. We illustrate the application of the proposed methods in two examples and discuss their implications for the field of meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis of the variables related to turnover intention among IT personnel

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Hakan Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Personnel ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention of information technology (IT) personnel.Design/methodology/approach3,844 studies which are published between 1998 and 2019 are screened on ScienceDirect, Scopus and ProQuest databases. 10,523 subjects formed the first data set regarding the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention, 7,903 subjects formed the second data set regarding the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention, 843 subjects formed the third data set regarding the relationship between empowerment and turnover intention, and 3,430 subjects formed the fourth data set regarding the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.FindingsResults showed that the effect size of the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment is the strongest (r = 0.59). The effect size of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention (r = −0.50), and the effect size of the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention r = −0.51) were also large. But the effect size of the relationship between empowerment and turnover intention was medium (r = −0.34).Originality/valueThis study is rare, and it can be used by the managers working in the IT industry.

scholarly journals Association between fish intake and glioma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052093969
Author(s):  
Honcho Lei ◽  
Chiho To ◽  
Unpeng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Glioma Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives We investigated the association between the consumption of fresh and processed fish and glioma risk using a meta-analysis approach. Methods We selected and analyzed observational studies that discussed the relationships between fresh and processed fish intake on glioma risk from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the SinoMed and Wanfang databases from inception to 31 March 2020. Studies were selected according to pre-established eligibility criteria and data were extracted separately by two researchers. A meta-analysis was conducted based on a random-effects model to provide pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Eight studies considered the relationship between fish intake (seven fresh and seven processed fish) and glioma risk and were included in this meta-analysis. The OR effect size for fresh fish intake and glioma risk was 0.72 (95%CI 0.53–0.97) and the overall OR effect size for processed fish intake and glioma risk was 1.88 (95%CI 1.06–3.34). Conclusion Dietary intake of fresh fish may reduce the risk of glioma, but consumption of processed fish may increase the risk of glioma. This study had some limitations, and further studies are therefore required to clarify the associations between fish intake and glioma risk.

scholarly journals IMMU-02. CH14.18 IN THE TREATMENT OF HIGH-RISK NEUROBLASTOMA: A META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i27-i27
Author(s):  
Sameerah Abdel-Khaleq ◽  
Lina Alim ◽  
Atholl Johnston ◽  
Khloud Adam
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
And Control

Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) is a rare malignancy that mainly affects young children. Long-term survival remains low despite aggressive, multimodal treatment regimens. The aim is to assess the effect of Ch14.18, a novel anti-GD2 antibody, on survival in HRNB. In this meta-analysis, Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Clinicaltrials.gov bibliographic databases were searched from inception to 1st July 2018. Prospective or retrospective interventional clinical trials with at least two arms or observational cohort or case-control studies were eligible. Participants had to have HRNB. Ch14.18 was the intervention of choice. Any control, comparator treatments were accepted. Studies were appraised for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Data was extracted from published reports. Primary outcomes assessed were Event-Free Survival (EFS) and Overall Survival (OS) and presented as Weighted Mean EFS (%) ± Standard Error (SE) and Weighted Mean OS (%) ± Standard Error (SE), respectively. Combined effect size was elicited for EFS±SE and OS±SE. The search yielded 367 results of which 7 studies conducted on 1727 patients were eligible for inclusion. The weighted mean EFS±SE for Ch14.18 regimens (n=779) and control regimens (n=787) were 55.6±2.0% and 41.2±1.7%, respectively. The weighted mean OS±SE for Ch14.18 regimens (n=430) and control regimens (n=348) were 63.4±2.3% and 53.6±2.7%, respectively. Results of the meta analysis yielded statistical power >94%. The combined effect size of Ch14.18 regimens for EFS±SE was 0.2907±0.05 [95% CI: 0.19–0.39, p<0.001] and the combined effect size for OS±SE was 0.26±0.07 [95% CI: 0.11- 0.4, p<0.001]. Significant superior survival outcomes were achieved with the use of Ch14.18 in the treatment of HRNB. These findings support using Ch14.18 as an adjunct in maintenance therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma. This meta analysis is the first of its kind. Survival outcomes are to be interpreted with caution due to confounding bias.

scholarly journals Predictive physiological anticipatory activity preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli: An update of Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Duggan ◽  
Patrizio Tressoldi
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Weighted Effect Size ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Weighted Effect ◽  
Anticipatory Activity

Background: This is an update of the Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis related to the physiological anticipation preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli which overall effect size was 0.21; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.13 - 0.29 Methods: Nineteen new peer and non-peer reviewed studies completed from January 2008 to June 2018 were retrieved describing a total of 27 experiments and 36 associated effect sizes. Results: The overall weighted effect size, estimated with a frequentist multilevel random model, was: 0.28; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.18-0.38; the overall weighted effect size, estimated with a multilevel Bayesian model, was: 0.28; 95% Credible Intervals: 0.18-0.38. The weighted mean estimate of the effect size of peer reviewed studies was higher than that of non-peer reviewed studies, but with overlapped confidence intervals: Peer reviewed: 0.36; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.26-0.47; Non-Peer reviewed: 0.22; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.05-0.39. Similarly, the weighted mean estimate of the effect size of Preregistered studies was higher than that of Non-Preregistered studies: Preregistered: 0.31; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.18-0.45; No-Preregistered: 0.24; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.08-0.41. The statistical estimation of the publication bias by using the Copas selection model suggest that the main findings are not contaminated by publication bias. Conclusions: In summary, with this update, the main findings reported in Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis, are confirmed.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN NONSUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) DENGAN ACQUIRED CAPABILITY FOR SUICIDE: STUDI META-ANALISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Puti Andini Pradipta ◽  
Monty Prawiratirta Satiadarma ◽  
Untung Subroto
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Acquired Capability ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Suicide was the third leading cause of death in adolescents in the world in 2016 with a mortality rate of about 136,000 cases. Reasons teenagers commit suicide include family financial problems, psychological distress, low self-esteem, lack of confidence, and depression. In addition, the difficulty of professional help and social support from the surrounding environment also opens up opportunities for adolescents to commit suicide. Suicidal behavior is often associated with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). NSSI is an act of self-injury with no intention to commit suicide, but according to the Interpersonal Theory for Suicide by Joiner (2005), NSSI’s actions are considered to be one of the factors increasing the ability to commit suicide attempts (acquired capability). This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between NSSI and acquired capability for suicide by meta-analysis study. Eight studies from 119 articles involving the term NSSI and acquired capability were studied using the random-effects model. A total of 3398 samples were included in the study. The results showed that the effect size between NSSI and acquired capability was (r = .208), which means that NSSI is positively correlated with acquired capability and has a weak relationship. The results of this study also show that this study has a high heterogeneity value (I2 = 91,48) and there is no publication bias. Bunuh diri adalah penyebab kematian nomor tiga pada remaja di dunia pada tahun 2016 dengan angka kematian sekitar 136.000 kasus. Alasan remaja melakukan bunuh diri antara lain adalah masalah-masalah keuangan keluarga, distres psikologis, rendahnya harga diri, kurang percaya diri, dan depresi. Selain itu, sulitnya pertolongan tenaga profesional dan dukungan sosial dari lingkungan sekitarnya juga membuka peluang para remaja untuk melakukan percobaan bunuh diri. Perilaku bunuh diri sering dihubungkan dengan Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). NSSI merupakan tindakan perusakan diri dengan tanpa adanya keinginan untuk bunuh diri, namun menurut teori Interpersonal Theory for Suicide oleh Joiner (2005), tindakan NSSI dianggap menjadi salah satu faktor meningkatnya kemampuan seseorang untuk melakukan percobaan bunuh diri (acquired capability). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara NSSI dan acquired capability dengan studi meta-analisis. Delapan artikel korelasional dari 119 artikel yang melibatkan istilah NSSI dan acquired capability dipelajari menggunakan random-effect models. Sebanyak 3398 sampel dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai effect size antara NSSI dan acquired capability adalah sebesar (r = .208), yang berarti NSSI berkorelasi positif dengan acquired capability dan memiliki hubungan yang lemah. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa studi ini memiliki nilai heterogenitas yang tinggi(I2 = 91,48) dan tidak terdapat bias publikasi.

The Effects of Social Skills Interventions for Students With EBD and ASD: A Single-Case Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy S. Hutchins ◽  
Mack D. Burke ◽  
Lisa Bowman-Perrott ◽  
Kevin R. Tarlow ◽  
Heather Hatton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Social Skills Interventions ◽  
Students With Ebd

Social skills interventions are critical for promoting social, emotional, and behavioral competence for students with or at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This single-case meta-analysis examined the effects of social skills interventions (SSIs) for students with EBD and ASD. Effect sizes were calculated for 78 cases across 25 included studies using a nonparametric effect size, Baseline Corrected Tau. The overall weighted mean effect size of 0.54 suggested a moderate effect across the 25 studies. The overall weighted mean effects for studies reporting maintenance and generalization data were 0.68 and 0.37, respectively. Potential moderators examined (disability, intervention design, intervention delivery, methodological quality) were not significant. As such, they did not moderate the outcomes for participants. We conducted a post hoc analysis and hypothesized that between-study differences may be more meaningful than the similarities shared by participants in the same moderator groups. Implications are discussed on using SSIs to address the social, emotional, and behavioral challenges of students with or at risk of EBD and ASD.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Tianxiang Cui ◽  
Jiaxuan Xi ◽  
Chanyuan Tang ◽  
Jianwen Song ◽  
Jinbo He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
The Relationship

Food intake has been shown to be related to several environmental factors including the presence of music. However, previous findings of the relationship between music and food intake are inconsistent. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively review the extent to which music is associated with food intake as well as to investigate potential moderators that might have contributed to the heterogeneity of the existing findings. Literature was searched on four databases (i.e., PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and Google Scholar. Nine articles published from 1989 to 2020 met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out via a three-level random-effects model. The overall effect size (i.e., Hedges’ g) was 0.19 (95% Confidence Interval: −0.003, 0.386; SE = 0.10, t = 1.99, p = 0.054), indicating a marginally significant but small effect size. Body Mass Index (F(1, 21) = 5.11, p = 0.035) was found to significantly contribute to the heterogeneity of effect sizes, with larger positive effects of music on food intake for individuals with higher BMI. However, music-related features did not significantly moderate the relationship between music and food intake. More experimental studies are needed to update the current meta-analysis and get a better understanding of this topic.

scholarly journals The effect of cooperative learning on academic achievement: A meta-analysis on the relationship between the study group size and effect size İşbirlikli öğrenmenin başarıya etkisi: Çalışma grubu ile etki büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişkiye dair bir meta analiz çalışması

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Melih Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cooperative learning on achievement and the relationship between the study group and effect size by means of meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is the method employed in order to statistically analyze the quantitative data collected in independent and multiple studies carried out on similar topics, and to reach a general judgment regarding the results of these studies.  Certain criteria were used in order to decide which researches would be included in the meta-analysis. Based on these criteria, it was decided to include 6 experimental studies in the meta-analysis. As a result, for the six studies, the effect size calculated within 95 % confidence interval has proved to be .518 based on random effects model. When two studies with the largest learning groups are excluded from the research respectively, firstly this effect size increases to .528, later it is calculated as .817 without any model discrimination. When effect size intervals in literature (≥ 0.5: strong, ≥ 0.3: moderate and  ≥ .01 weak) is taken into consideration, the effect of cooperative learning on achievement has been observed as  “Strong”. In addition to this, contrary to some views in literature, it has been seen that large learning groups have higher standard errors and a bigger effect size has been achieved when such studies have been excluded from the analysis. What is more, even the limitation of fixed effects model has disappeared, and the effect size calculated in fixed effects and random effects model has been balanced.  ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, işbirlikli öğrenmenin başarı üzerindeki etkisini ve çalışma grubu ile etki büyüklüğü arasındaki ilişkiyi meta-analiz yöntemiyle belirlemektir. Meta-analiz, benzer konularda yapılmış birbirinden bağımsız ve çok sayıda çalışmadan elde edilmiş sayısal verileri istatistiksel olarak analiz etme ve bu çalışmaların sonuçları hakkında genel bir yargıya varma yöntemidir. Hangi araştırmaların meta-analize dâhil edileceğine yönelik seçimlerin yapılmasında belirli ölçütler kullanılmıştır. Bu ölçütlere dayalı olarak 6 adet deneysel araştırmanın meta-analize dâhil edilmesine karar verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; altı çalışma için %95 güven aralığında hesaplanan etki büyüklüğü rastgele etkiler modeline göre .518’dir. En büyük çalışma grubuna sahip iki araştırma sırasıyla araştırma dışında tutulduğunda bu etki büyüklüğü önce .528’ e çıkmakta, sonrasında ise model ayrımı olmaksızın .817 olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Alan yazındaki etki büyüklüğü aralıkları (≥ 0.5: güçlü, ≥ 0.3: orta düzey ve ≥ .01 zayıf) dikkate alındığında işbirlikli öğrenmenin başarı üzerindeki etkisi “Güçlü” bir etki olarak gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca alan yazındaki bazı görüşlerin aksine büyük çalışma gruplarının standart hatalarının daha yüksek olduğu, bu araştırmaların analiz dışında tutulması ile daha büyük etki büyüklüklerine ulaşıldığı, hatta sabit etki modelinin sınırlılığının bile ortadan kalktığı, sabit etki ve rastgele etki modelinde hesaplanan etki büyüklüğünün eşitlendiği görülmüştür.

scholarly journals Do Smarter People Have More Conservative Economic Attitudes? Assessing the Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Economic Ideology

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110468
Author(s):  
Alexander Jedinger ◽  
Axel M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence on the association of cognitive ability with economic attitudes is mixed. We conducted a meta-analysis ( k = 20, N = 46,426) to examine the relationship between objective measures of cognitive ability and economic ideology and analyzed survey data ( N = 3,375) to test theoretical explanations for the association. The meta-analysis provided evidence for a small positive association with a weighted mean effect size of r = .07 (95% CI = [0.02, 0.12]), suggesting that higher cognitive ability is associated with conservative views on economic issues, but effect sizes were extremely heterogeneous. Tests using representative survey data provided support for both a positive association of cognitive ability with economic conservatism that is mediated through income as well as for a negative association that is mediated through a higher need for certainty. Hence, multiple causal mechanisms with countervailing effects might explain the low overall association of cognitive ability with economic political attitudes.

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