Precise ex vivo histological validation of heightened cellularity and diffusion-restricted necrosis in regions of dark apparent diffusion coefficient in 7 cases of high-grade glioma

Background High-grade gliomas (HGGs) and brain metastases (BMs) can display similar imaging characteristics on conventional MRI. In HGGs, the peritumoral edema may be infiltrated by the malignant cells, which was not observed in BMs. Purpose To determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient values could differentiate HGGs from BMs. Material and Methods Fifty-seven patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before treatment. The minimum and mean ADC in the enhancing tumor (ADCmin, ADCmean) and the minimum ADC in the peritumoral region (ADCedema) were measured from ADC maps. To determine whether there was a statistical difference between groups, ADC values were compared. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff ADC value for distinguishing between HGGs and BMs. Results The mean ADCmin values in the intratumoral regions of HGGs were significantly higher than those in BMs. No differences were observed between groups regarding ADCmean values. The mean ADCmin values in the peritumoral edema of HGGs were significantly lower than those in BMs. According to ROC curve analysis, a cutoff value of 1.332 × 10−3 mm2/s for the ADCedema generated the best combination of sensitivity (95%) and specificity (84%) for distinguishing between HGGs and BMs. The same value showed a sensitivity of 95.6% and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing between GBMs and BMs. Conclusion ADC values from DWI were found to distinguish between HGGs and solitary BMs. The peritumoral ADC values are better than the intratumoral ADC values in predicting the tumor type.

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Can the apparent diffusion coefficient differentiate the grade of endometrioid adenocarcinoma and the histological subtype of endometrial cancer?

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185117716198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 363-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bin Yan ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

Xiufen Liang ◽

Chen Niu ◽

Caixia Ding

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Low Grade ◽

Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma ◽

High Grade ◽

Squamous Differentiation ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Adc Values ◽

Endometrial Cancers

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides useful information for the identification of benign and malignant uterine lesions. However, the use of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for histopathological grading of endometrial cancer is controversial. Purpose To explore the use of ADC values in differentiating the preoperative tumor grading of endometrioid adenocarcinomas and investigate the relationship between the ADC values of endometrial cancer and the histological tumor subtype. Material and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 98 patients with endometrial cancers, including both endometrioid adenocarcinomas (n = 80) and non-endometrioid adenocarcinomas (n = 18). All patients underwent DWI procedures and ADC values were calculated. The Kruskal–Wallis test and the independent samples Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare differences in the ADC values between different tumor grades and different histological subtypes. Results The mean ADC values (ADCmean) for high-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas were significantly lower than the values for low-grade tumors (0.800 versus 0.962 × 10–3 mm2/s) ( P = 0.002). However, no significant differences in ADCmean and minimum ADC values (ADCmin) were found between tumor grades (G1, G2, and G3) of endometrial cancer. Compared with endometrioid adenocarcinomas, the adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation showed lower ADC values (mean/minimum = 0.863/0.636 versus 0.962/0.689 × 10–3 mm2/s), but the differences were not significant ( Pmean = 0.074, Pmin = 0.441). Moreover, ADCmean for carcinosarcomas was significantly higher than the value for G3 non-carcinosarcoma endometrial cancers (1.047 versus 0.823 × 10–3 mm2/s) ( P = 0.001). Conclusion The ADCmean was useful for identifying high-grade and low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Additionally, squamous differentiation may decrease ADCmean and ADCmin of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and carcinosarcomas showed relatively high ADCmean.

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Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values of the Benign Central Zone of the Prostate: Comparison With Low- and High-Grade Prostate Cancer

American Journal of Roentgenology ◽

10.2214/ajr.14.14221 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 205 (2) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Rajan T. Gupta ◽

Christopher R. Kauffman ◽

Kirema Garcia-Reyes ◽

Mark L. Palmeri ◽

John F. Madden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Central Zone ◽

High Grade ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values ◽

Apparent Diffusion

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Assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma using apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion kurtosis indices: preliminary experience in fresh liver explants

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1016/j.mri.2012.04.020 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 1534-1540 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Andrew B. Rosenkrantz ◽

Eric E. Sigmund ◽

Aaron Winnick ◽

Benjamin E. Niver ◽

Bradley Spieler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Kurtosis ◽

And Diffusion

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Characterization of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Ultra-high b-values Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging

Aging and Disease ◽

10.14336/ad.2018.1129 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1026 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yingnan Xue ◽

Zhenhua Zhang ◽

Caiyun Wen ◽

Huiru Liu ◽

Suyuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽

B Values ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Kurtosis ◽

And Diffusion

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Normal brain in human newborns: apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion anisotropy measured by using diffusion tensor MR imaging.

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiology.209.1.9769812 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 209 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 473

Author(s):

J J Neil ◽

S I Shiran ◽

R C McKinstry ◽

G L Schefft ◽

A Z Snyder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Diffusion Anisotropy ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

And Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Tensor Mr Imaging

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Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Approximation and Diffusion Anisotropy Characterization in DWI

Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Information Processing in Medical Imaging ◽

10.1007/11505730_21 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 246-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Y. Chen ◽

W. Guo ◽

Q. Zeng ◽

X. Yan ◽

M. Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Diffusion Anisotropy ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

And Diffusion

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Post-radiotherapy apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in children and young adults with high-grade gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas

Pediatric Hematology and Oncology ◽

10.1080/08880018.2019.1592267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fernando Carceller ◽

Neil P. Jerome ◽

Lucy A. Fowkes ◽

Komel Khabra ◽

Andrew Mackinnon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

High Grade ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

High Grade Gliomas ◽

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas

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Is the standard deviation of the apparent diffusion coefficient a potential tool for the preoperative prediction of tumor grade in endometrial cancer?

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120915596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1724-1732

Author(s):

Bin Yan ◽

Xiufen Liang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

Caixia Ding ◽

Ming Zhang

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Tumor Grade ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Preoperative Prediction ◽

Apparent Diffusion

Background The tumor histological grade is closely related to the prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC). The use of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tumor volume, and MRI-based texture analysis has allowed exciting advances in predicting EC grade before surgery. However, whether this constitutes a simple, convenient, and powerful diagnostic method remains unknown. Purpose To explore the utility of standard deviation (SD) of the ADC (ADCSD) for predicting the tumor grade in patients with EC. Material and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients with EC. All patients underwent unenhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The mean ADC value (ADCmean) and SD were obtained using a freehand region of interest traced on the ADC map. Spearman’s linear correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze the correlations between the indexes (including ADCSD and the ADCmean) and the Ki-67 index. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare differences in the index results among tumor grades. Results A significant difference in ADCSD was observed among the tumor grades ( P=0.000), and the ADCSD value was significantly higher for high-grade EC than for low-grade tumors (289.7 vs. 216.3×10−6mm2 /s, P=0.000). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between ADCSD and the Ki-67 index (r=0.364, P=0.000). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, ADCSD ≥240.2×10−6mm2 /s predicted high-grade EC with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 73.1%, 80.2%, and 77.5%, respectively. Conclusion Based on the intratumor heterogeneity of EC, ADCSD represents a potential method for the preoperative prediction of high-grade EC, although further studies are needed.

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