P14.06 Central nervous system symptoms as the first manifestation of malignant neoplasm

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system in adults. Standard of care is resection followed by chemo-radiation therapy. Despite this aggressive approach, >80% of glioblastomas recur in proximity to the resection cavity. Brachytherapy is an attractive strategy for improving local control. GammaTile® is a newly US FDA-cleared device which incorporates 131Cs radiation emitting seeds in a resorbable collagen-based carrier tile for surgically targeted radiation therapy to achieve highly conformal radiation at the time of surgery. Embedding encapsulated 131Cs radiation emitter seeds in collagen-based tiles significantly lowers the technical barriers associated with traditional brachytherapy. In this review, we highlight the potential of surgically targeted radiation therapy and the currently available data for this novel approach.

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Primary Central Nervous System Fibrosarcoma

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_165_17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 08 (S 01) ◽

pp. S111-S113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vinodh VP ◽

Rahmat Harun ◽

Pulivendhan Sellamuthu ◽

Regunath Kandasamy

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

De Novo ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Young Female ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Complete Excision ◽

Cellular Control

ABSTRACTWe report a rare case of a young female with primary brain fibrosarcoma, and to the best of our knowledge, we believe that only <50 cases have been reported or described worldwide so far. Fibrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm, in which histologically the predominant cells are fibroblasts that divide excessively without cellular control and they can invade local tissues or metastasize. Primary central nervous system fibrosarcomas are very aggressive neoplasms and generally have a poor prognosis. This tumor is either from sarcomatous transformation of a meningioma or arises de novo within the brain parenchyma. Our patient, a 48-year-old woman, who presented with progressive speech disorder over the period of 4 months, showed a left temporoparietal lesion with surrounding edema and local mass effect. Total surgical resection was achieved. Histopathology revealed classical fibrosarcoma features and secondary screening revealed no other distant lesion as diagnosis of primary brain fibrosarcoma was established. This case is deemed to be extremely rare because most reports claim that recurrence is within 6 months with poor prognosis; however, this patient is currently recurrence-free at 3 years. This would suggest of the possibility for a relook into this disease's course and recurrence rate when complete excision is achieved. Due to extreme rarity of these tumors, more comparative studies will be needed to improve the disease outcome.

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Experience in the Rehabilitation of Patients After Removal of Malignant Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System: A Clinical Case

Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation ◽

10.36425/rehab64935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 131-138

Author(s):

Marina V. Stern ◽

Elena V. Polkovnikova ◽

Marina V. Petrova

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

System A ◽

Clinical Center ◽

Urgent Task ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Active Rehabilitation

Background. Early rehabilitation of patients after removal of neoplasms is an urgent task of modern rehabilitation. Clinical case description. This clinical example describes an example of rehabilitation and dynamics of recovery in a patient after removal of glioblastoma. After removal of a malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, the patient underwent a course of rehabilitation measures within the framework of hospitalization at the Federal Research Center for Clinical Center of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Patients after removal of malignant neoplasms are shown early active rehabilitation in order to compensate for neurological and mental deficits after removal of neoplasms of the central nervous system.

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Recurrent Macroprolactinoma with Malignant Conversion to Carcinoma with Spinal Metastasis

Case Reports in Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/7488236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Madeline Mori ◽

Amanda Frugoli ◽

Udesh Shah ◽

Brad Barrows ◽

Tricia Westhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Rare Case ◽

Spinal Metastasis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Tumor Cell Line ◽

Case Vignette ◽

Malignant Conversion ◽

Pituitary Carcinomas

In contrast to pituitary adenomas, pituitary carcinomas represent a rare malignant neoplasm with a remarkable high mortality. Pituitary carcinomas can arise from any pituitary tumor cell line and are determined to be carcinomas when there is distant metastasis or central nervous system dissemination. In this case vignette, we describe a rare case of malignant prolactinoma with intraspinal metastasis, and we also provide a review of relevant literature and treatment.

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Primary Central Nervous System Histiocytic Sarcoma With Relapse to Mediastinum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2007-131-301-pcnshs ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 301-305

Author(s):

Ming Cao ◽

Camellia Eshoa ◽

Christopher Schultz ◽

Jennifer Black ◽

Youli Zu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Brain Lesion ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽

Low Grade ◽

Unique Case ◽

First Case

Abstract Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare, malignant neoplasm of the lymphohematopoietic system that usually occurs in the skin, lymph node, and intestinal tract. Here we describe a unique case of primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma that initially showed an indolent clinical course following local resection and radiotherapy. However, relapse of disease within the mediastinum was noted 3½ years later. Biopsies of the initial brain lesion and subsequent mediastinal recurrence each revealed an identical, diffuse proliferation of histiocytes with expression of CD45, CD68, and CD163 but not pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD43, CD79a, CD138, myeloperoxidase, ALK-1, PAX-5, CAM 5.2, S100, CD1a, or glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the literature, central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma portends a poor prognosis with median survival of 4.5 months. To our knowledge, this case represents the first case of “low-grade” primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma with relatively indolent clinical course. A thorough discussion of the differential diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma and a review of primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma are also presented.

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Embryonal central nervous system tumor in the brain of a goose

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718799390 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 385-389

Author(s):

Brittany McHale ◽

Anibal G. Armién ◽

Lorelei L. Clarke ◽

Daniel R. Rissi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Central Nervous System Tumor ◽

Anser Anser ◽

Embryonal Tumor ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Microvascular Proliferation ◽

Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽

The Brain

Embryonal central nervous system (CNS) tumor is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the neural crest. Herein we describe an embryonal tumor in the brain of an adult male domestic goose ( Anser anser) that was euthanized after a short history of wandering and lethargy. Grossly, a focal, bright-red, soft plaque was present on the ventral aspect of the brain, extending from the optic chiasm to the midbrain, as well as into the dorsal neuroparenchyma. Histologically, the nodule consisted of a poorly demarcated population of neoplastic cells arranged in streams and bundles, and occasionally palisading around small capillaries (pseudorosettes). Neoplastic cells were elongate and had scant, finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and elongate nuclei with dense chromatin. Mitoses were uncommon. Scattered foci of intratumoral necrosis and microvascular proliferation were present. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for doublecortin and neuronal nuclei. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had elongated-to-polyhedral cytoplasm with short processes, scarce intermediate filaments, and small round mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The cell membrane had varied numbers of intercellular anchoring-like junctions, and nuclei were round-to-elongate and had marginal aggregates of heterochromatin. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings in our case are consistent with a poorly differentiated embryonal tumor.

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Epidemiological Survey of Central Nervous System Tumors Admitted in a Reference Hospital in the North Fluminense Region in Brazil

10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Luisa Aguirre Buexm ◽

Danielli Aparecida de Souza Silva ◽

Bruna Areas Ribeiro ◽

Rayane Figueiredo Silva Moreira Carvalho ◽

Julia Moraes Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Central Nervous System Tumors ◽

Nervous System Tumors ◽

The North ◽

Reference Hospital

Cancer is a major worldwide health problem, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality to population. In global scale, nervous system cancers represent around 1.8% of all malignant tumors in the planet. From 2020 to 2022, it’s estimated around 11.090 new cases of this type of cancer in Brazil. This study aims to raise epidemiological data on central nervous system tumors admitted to the oncology department of a reference hospital in the North Fluminense region in Brazil. Forty-four patients were included in this study, who were predominant males (56.8%), aged between 41 to 60 years old (47.7%), with tumors located primarily in the brain (65.9%) and histopathologically classified as glioblastomas (38.6%). Patients had no family history of cancer (64.3%), were non-smokers (68.2%), non-alcoholics (70%), undergoing primary surgical treatment (34.1%), who did not undergo adjuvant treatment (84.1%) and who died from the disease (66.7%). Glioblastoma was the most incident malignant neoplasm, followed by astrocytoma for both sexes, corroborating with literature data. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of these tumors, focusing on their prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.

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Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18002741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin B. Clark

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Infection Cycle ◽

Fair Weather ◽

Host Health ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Host Infection ◽

Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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