Women With First-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Have a Higher Likelihood of Having an Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Than Nonsmokers: A Nested Case-Control Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Ogilvy ◽  
Santiago Gomez-Paz ◽  
Kimberly P Kicielinski ◽  
Mohamed M Salem ◽  
Georgios A Maragkos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BACKGROUND The prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) in females who smoke cigarettes and the association between smoking and hypertension with purely incidental UIAs have been unexplored. OBJECTIVE To obtain the prevalence of UIA among females and to assess the relationship between smoking and hypertension with a diagnosis of incidental UIAs. METHODS A nested case-control study from a cohort of female patients aged between 30 and 60 yr with a brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) between 2016 and 2018. Incidental UIAs were compared to patients with normal MRAs. Smoking was characterized as never or former/current smokers. A logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between smoking, hypertension, or both, with a diagnosis of incidental UIAs. RESULTS A total of 1977 patients had a brain MRA between 2016 and 2018. From 1572 nonsmoker patients, we encountered 30 with an UIA (prevalence: 1.9%). There were 405 patients with a positive smoking history, and 77 patients harbored an UIA (prevalence: 19%). Of 64 aneurysm patients and 130 random controls eligible for the case control, aneurysm patients were more likely to have a positive smoking history and hypertension compared with healthy controls (60% vs 18%, P ≤ .001; 44% vs 14%, P ≤ .001). A multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between a smoking history, hypertension, or both factors with an incidental UIA (odds ratio [OR] 5.8 CI 1.22-11.70; OR 3.8 CI 2.31-14.78; OR 12.6 CI 4.38-36.26; respectively). CONCLUSION Females who smoke cigarettes have a higher prevalence of UIAs than the general population. Smoking confers a higher risk for having a silent UIA, aggravated by hypertension. This population is an ideal target for potential screening.

Women With First-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Have a Higher Likelihood of Having an Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Than Nonsmokers: A Nested Case-Control Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S47-S47
Author(s):  
Christopher S Ogilvy ◽  
Santiago Gomez-Paz ◽  
Kimberly P Kicielinski ◽  
Mohamed M Salem ◽  
Georgios A Maragkos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The Effect of Tibial Slope on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Matched Case-Control Study Including 317 Revisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0029
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Cooper ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Heather A. Prentice ◽  
Tadashi Ted Funahashi ◽  
Gregory B. Maletis
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Surgeon Experience ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: There is evidence the slope of the tibial plateau may play a role in need for revision following ACL reconstruction (ACLR), however, previous studies are limited by small sample sizes, radiographic measurement, single surgeon experience, lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS) only, or a lack of confounder adjustment. Further, the role of the medial posterior tibial slope (MTPS) on revision risk has yet to be evaluated. We sought to (1) determine the relationship of revision status following ACLR and LTPS, (2) determine the relationship of revision status and MTPS, and (3) determine the relationship of revision status and the difference between MTPS and LTPS. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 317 matched pairs using an integrated U.S. healthcare system’s ACLR registry (2006- 2014). Cases were defined as patients who underwent a revision following primary unilateral ACLR; controls were defined from the same cohort as non-revised patients during the same time frame. Controls were matched to cases according to age, gender, body mass index, race, graft type, femoral fixation device, and follow-up time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were used by a single blinded reviewer to measure tibial slopes. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to compare the slopes between revised and non-revised groups continuously and McNemar test to compare slopes of ≥12° between groups. Results: No difference was observed between revised and non-revised patients in LTPS (mean: 6.1 vs. 6.1, p=0.972) or MTPS (mean: 4.6 vs. 4.9, p=0.281) measurement. When comparing revised ACLR to non-revised ACLR, a greater proportion of revised ACLR had a LTPS of ≥12° (7.6% vs. 3.8%, P=0.034), while no difference was found in the proportion of ACLR with a MTPS ≥12° (1.6% vs. 2.5%, P=0.405). No difference was found when evaluating the medial-to-lateral slope difference (-1.5 vs. -1.2, p=0.289). Conclusion: In our nested case-control study of over 300 revised ACLR patients matched to non-revised patients, we did not find an association between the slope of the lateral and medial tibial plateaus and revision. [Figure: see text][Table: see text]

scholarly journals The Relationship between Asthma and Depression in Primary Care Patients: A Historical Cohort and Nested Case Control Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e20750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Walters ◽  
Peter Schofield ◽  
Louise Howard ◽  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
André Tylee
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Shiftwork and Violence Against Nurses: A Case Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Sun ◽  
Susan Goodwin Gerberich ◽  
Andrew D. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

This study investigated the potential relationship between shiftwork and work-related physical assault (PA) against nurses who are at high risk of violence globally. Nurses (6,300), randomly selected from the licensing database and working in Minnesota, were surveyed regarding PA experiences. Through a nested case-control study, nurses who reported a PA in the previous 12 months and controls who were randomly selected from their assault-free working months, respectively, identified exposures experienced during the month prior to the assault month (cases) and the random non-PA months (controls). Comparing case and control exposures, shiftwork was examined relevant to PA. Among 310 cases and 946 controls, most worked 8 hours or less (87%, 88%) during day shifts (44%, 70%). Multivariable analyses (odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) revealed increased risk of PA for nurses working evening (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = [1.05, 2.27]), night (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = [2.31, 5.44]), and rotating day and evening (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = [1.22, 6.80]) shifts, which provides a basis for intervention opportunities.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Impact of Dental Care via Composite Resin Restoration among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Registry-Based Nested Case–Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Chien-Jen Hu ◽  
Hui-Chieh Yu ◽  
Yu-Chao Chang
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Composite Resin Restoration ◽  
Composite Resin Restorations ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric conditions. Many studies have shown that exposure to low-dose bisphenol-A (BPA) can contribute to ADHD. The relationship between ADHD and composite resin is still unclear. We designed a nested case–control study to investigate the relationship between ADHD and composite resin restorations among children from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We included 85,503 people whose birth years were between 1998 and 2005 and who received resin restoration from January 2000 to December 2008. A 1:2 matched control sample without ADHD was randomly selected from the database by propensity score matching based on birth year and sex. We identified 4984 individuals as ADHD patients. The average diagnostic age of ADHD was 7.45 years old. The patients who received composite resin restorations had higher risk of ADHD than those who had never received them (aOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 1.25; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.13–1.38). Males had a higher risk of ADHD (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.14–1.43). Taken together, this nested case–control study demonstrated a positive association between ADHD and dental care via composite resin restoration in Taiwanese children. Prospective clinical studies of the relationship between ADHD and composite resin are warranted.

scholarly journals The relationship between epigenetic age and myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome and in a population based nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Malyutina ◽  
O Chervova ◽  
T Tillmann ◽  
V Maximov ◽  
A Ryabikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The measure of “epigenetic age” (EA) derived from DNA methylation (DNAm) is considered as biomarker of ageing. Objective We investigated the relationship between EA and Myocardial Infarction (MI) /Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a nested case-control study of the elderly population. Methods A random population sample was examined at baseline (2003/05, n=9360, age 45–69, the Russian arm of the HAPIEE Project), re-examined in 2006/08, 2015/17, and followed up for an average 15 years for fatal and non-fatal events. Using a nested case-control study design, we selected participants with incident MI/ACS (cases) and age-and sex-stratified controls among those free from baseline CVD. We performed DNAm profiling of the whole blood samples (using Illumina EPIC arrays) collected at baseline. After quality control, 135 cases and 185 controls were included in the analysis. Baseline EA was calculated using Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge and Skin and Blood DNAm clocks; the differences between EA and chronological age (CA) were denoted as DAHr, DAHn, DAPh, DASB, respectively. Results DNAm ages calculated with Horvath's, Hannum's and Skin and Blood clocks were close to the CA; the corresponding median absolute differences (MAD) were 3.38, 3.64 and 2.79 years, and mean (SD) −0.85 (5.37), 1.96 (5.18) and 2.10 (3.94) for DAHr, DAHn and DASB respectively. As expected, PhenoAge's predictions were less precise with MAD=9.41 and DAPh mean (SD) 8.94 (6.38). The mean DAHr and DAHn were significantly higher in MI/ACS compared to controls (0.99 (5.38) vs. −1.55 (5.27), p=0.007, and 2.89 (6.37) vs. 1.28 (4.95), p=0.006 correspondingly), DASB was borderline higher in MI/ACS vs controls and DAPh was similar in cases and controls. After controlling for sex, the risk of MI/ACS was higher in DAHr terciles 2 and 3 vs. tercile 1 (OR=1.08 [95% CI 0.61–1.89], p=0.799 and OR=2.09 [1.19–3.66], p=0.010); the association was independent of smoking but it was largely explained (or mediated) by metabolic factors (blood pressure, body mass index, total and LDL-cholesterol). Similarly, the risk of MI/ACS was increased in terciles 2 and 3 of DAHn; compared with lowest tercile, the OR were 1.52 [0.86–2.71], p=0.152 and 2.41 [1.34–4.34], p=0.003), respectively; again, the association was largely explained by metabolic factors. There was no association found between baseline DAPh or DASB and the risk of MI/ACS. Conclusion In this case-control study nested in a prospective population-based cohort, we found an association between acceleration of epigenetic age and increased risk of MI/ACS independent of sex and smoking. The risk of MI/ACS was about 2-fold higher in the top tercile of difference between epigenetic and chronological age. The excess risk is appeared to be modulated by metabolic factors. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Russian Science Foundation; Russian Academy of Sciences, Sate Assignment

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