scholarly journals Eastern White Pine Flowering in Response to Spray Application of Gibberellin A4/7 or Procone™

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Pijut
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Strobili

Abstract Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is an important forestry species in the northeastern and midwestern United States and in eastern Canada. Induction of early and reliable flowering and cone production will shorten the breeding cycle and aid in the development of genetically improved white pine. The objective of this study was to determine if a foliar spray application of gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) or ProCone™ would induce both male and female strobili on young grafted eastern white pine selected for white pine blister rust resistance. Trees were sprayed (500 mg L-1) weekly in 1998 during the period of rapid shoot elongation (mid-May through July), for a total of 11 applications. Flowering data were collected June 15, 1999. Twenty-five out of 53 genotypes produced male strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of male strobili clusters per tree (and the mean number ± SE of pollen-cones per cluster) produced with GA4/7, ProCone™, or untreated controls were: 643 (7.1 ± 0.3); 574 (7.9 ± 0.3); and 79 (8.3 ± 0.8), respectively. Twenty out of 53 genotypes produced female strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of female strobili per tree (and the mean number ± SE of female strobili per shoot) produced with GA4/7, ProCone™, or untreated controls were: 87 (1.1 ± 0.1); 130 (1.3 ± 0.1); and 33 (0.6 ± 0.1), respectively. Eleven genotypes produced both male and female strobili. Control trees that flowered may have been the result of spray drift. The results indicate that a foliar spray application of GA4/7 or ProCone™ at 500 mg L-1 will induce both male and female strobili, but not on all selected genotypes of eastern white pine.

scholarly journals Stem Branching of Cycad Plants Informs Horticulture and Conservation Decisions

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Michael Calonje
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conservation Decisions ◽  
Male Strobili ◽  
Number Of Branches

The number of branches in male and female plants of Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill, Cycas edentata de Laub., Cycas wadei Merr., and Zamia encephalartoides D.W. Stev. were counted in Guam, Philippines, and Colombia, to confirm earlier reports that female plants develop fewer branches than males. Cycas plants produce determinate male strobili and indeterminate female strobili, but Zamia plants produce determinate strobili for both sexes. More than 80% of the female trees for each of the Cycas species were unbranched with a single stem, but more than 80% of the male trees exhibited two or more branches. The mean number of branches on male plants was more than double that of female plants. The number of branches of the Zamia male plants was almost triple that of female plants. Moreover, the Zamia plants produced 2.8-fold greater numbers of branches than the mean of the Cycas plants. Most of Guam’s unsexed C. micronesica trees in 2004 were unbranched, but after 15 years of damage from non-native insect herbivores, most of the remaining live trees in 2020 contained three or more branches. The results confirm that male Cycas and Zamia plants produce more branches than female plants and suggest cycad species with determinate female strobili produce more branches on female plants than species with indeterminate female strobili. Our results indicate that the years of plant mortality on Guam due to non-native insect herbivores have selectively killed more female C. micronesica trees. Horticulture and conservation decisions may be improved with this sexual dimorphism knowledge.

scholarly journals Understory prescribed burning in red pine and white pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. McRae ◽  
Timothy J. Lynham ◽  
Robert J. Frech
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

The alarming loss of forested areas containing red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in eastern Canada is a situation that must be addressed promptly by changing management approaches. Since the ecological role of fire in the regeneration and perpetuation of these pines is well known, it makes sense to use fire to maintain pine ecosystems through forest management that uses an understory prescribed burn program. Fears of fire escape and a poor knowledge of applying fire correctly to these ecosystems are the result of poor training in the use of prescribed fire, which normally concentrates solely on post-harvest slash sites; this has prevented extensive use of understory prescribed burning in the past. However, research in Canada, principally using the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System coupled with the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, allows forest managers to develop burning prescriptions that are safe and economical while meeting objectives for seedbed preparation, natural seeding and control of competing vegetation. Key words: crown scorching, eastern white pine, fire, natural regeneration, red pine, seedbed preparation, understory prescribed burning, vegetation control.

DIKEGULAC-SODIUM REDUCES SHOOT ELONGATION OF FAIRVIEW JUNIPER

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1163
Author(s):  
G. P. LUMIS ◽  
A. GAIL JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Terminal Shoot

A foliar spray application of 0.1% dikegulac-sodium (Atrinal) on Juniperus chinensis L. ’Fairview’ was an effective chemical pruning agent. As the concentration of dikegulac was increased from 0.1 to 0.4% terminal shoot growth was greatly reduced and injury increased while lateral branching was not influenced.

scholarly journals Validation of a Model for Simulating the Effect of Daminozide Application on Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 500C-500
Author(s):  
J.H. Lieth ◽  
L.R. Oki ◽  
P. Ng ◽  
M.C. Garcia-Navarro ◽  
S.H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Potted Plant

Daminozide is a growth retardant used in potted plant production as a foliar spray to inhibit shoot elongation. It has its greatest inhibitory effect immediately after application, becoming less pronounced thereafter; continued retardation is accomplished by reapplication at 7to 14-day intervals. A model for this retardation effect is useful in developing decision support tools, as well as in optimizing (perhaps minimizing) the use of this growth retardant. Such a model, as developed and described earlier, simulates the effect of a foliar spray application of daminozide at various concentrations on various days during the production cycle. The objective of this work was to validate this model for various varieties of chrysanthemum. Using the model to simulate the effect of one application of daminozide resulted in predicted plant heights very close to the observed heights for most of the varieties tested. Of four methods used to implement the multiple-application effect, two resulted in very good simulation of the observed plant heights. In summary, the model was shown to be valid for all the varieties of chrysanthemum tested.

Mating system and reproductive fitness traits of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in large, central versus small, isolated, marginal populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P Rajora ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
John E Major
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Outcrossing Rates ◽  
The Mean

Multilocus (tm) and single-locus (ts) outcrossing and actual inbreeding rates and seed traits were determined for eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in six small, remnant, and marginal populations from two regions (East and West) in Newfoundland and in three large populations from the center of the species' geographic range in Ontario to examine the effects of small population size and fragmentation on mating system parameters and reproductive fitness. The population tm ranged from 0.867 to 0.991, with a mean of 0.924 over all nine populations. The mean ts ranged from 0.672 to 0.908, with a mean of 0.797 over the nine populations. The Ontario populations, on average, showed higher but statistically similar outcrossing rates (tm = 0.947, ts = 0.848) to the Newfoundland populations (tm = 0.912, ts = 0.772). The Newfoundland West populations, on average, showed the lowest outcrossing rates (tm = 0.889, ts = 0.716). Individual family outcrossing rates, although slightly higher, were similar to their respective population outcrossing rates, and no significant differences were observed among families within populations. The mean ts were significantly lower than their corresponding tm, and the differences were significantly and positively correlated with the number of loci showing significant regression of pollen allele frequency on ovule genotype, suggesting possible occurrence of consanguineous mating. The Ontario populations showed the highest and the Newfoundland West populations the lowest reproductive fitness, with Newfoundland East populations ranking higher than Newfoundland West but significantly lower than Ontario populations. Actual inbreeding rates, determined by combining allozyme-based estimates of selfing in the filled seed component with estimates of inbreeding from the proportions of empty seeds, ranged from 7.4 to 31.6%, with an average of 22% for all populations and 11.1% for the Ontario, 24.7% for the Newfoundland East, and 30.1% for the Newfoundland West populations. Multilocus outcrossing rates were significantly correlated (i) negatively with the average distance to the five nearest neighboring trees (a surrogate measure for within-stand densities of reproductively mature trees) and (ii) positively with the proportion of filled seeds per cone. The filial seed progeny fixation index was positively correlated with both (i) average nearest-neighbor distances and (ii) proportion of empty seeds per cone. Thus, we detected strong interrelationships between the within-stand density of reproductively mature trees and both outcrossing rates and filled seed production. Interestingly, there was no relationship between the fixation index of the mature parent stands and their density. The genetic status or integrity of the extant parental populations may have been largely unaffected by the large-scale population decline experienced by eastern white pine early in the 20th century, a decline that showed an adverse effect on reproductive fitness of these populations.Key words: outcrossing and inbreeding, small population size, conservation, genetic and reproductive fitness, actual inbreeding rates, seed traits.

Age characteristics of coarse woody debris (Pinus strobus) in a lake littoral zone

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Guyette ◽  
William G Cole
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Littoral coarse woody debris (CWD) is a persistent class of aquatic habitat that accumulates over many centuries and provides habitat for diverse floral and faunal communities. We used dendrochronological methods to analyze residence times and age-related characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) CWD in the littoral zone of Swan Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. The mean calendar date of all the annual rings in CWD samples was 1551. Annual rings dated from calendar year 1893 to 982. The mean time from carbon assimilation in a live tree to carbon loss from littoral woody debris was 443 years. Outside ring dates of the woody debris were significantly correlated with the bole's maximum and minimum diameter ratio, mass, specific gravity, length, and submergence. Negative exponential functions described the temporal structure of the CWD mass and abundance. Accelerated inputs of woody debris resulted from late nineteenth century logging and a disturbance circa 1500. No mature eastern white pine have fallen into the lake over the last 100 years.

POTRET PERILAKU RELIGIUS MAHASISWA UIN SAYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Ay Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Environment Variable ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Level 2

This study describes the religious behavior of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students. The variables used are internal and external environment as independent variable and religious behavior as dependent variable. The internal environment variable consists of gender factor, (male and female). The external environmental variables comprise the faculty environment, the present resident and the place to grow. The present resident consist of dormitories, boarding houses and parents' homes and the place to grow consist of urban and rural environment. Religious behavior variables consist of habluminallah behavior and habluminannas behavior. Habluminallah's behavior measured by (1) knowledge of faith and worship, (2) attitudes toward faith and worship, and (3) practice of faith and worship. The habluminannas variable measured by (1) Islamic behavior for them self, like honest, discipline and good work / studyethics, trust and concern on legality, (2) Islamic behavior with others, like generous, cooperation, caring, respect to the people's rights and tolerance and (3) Islamic behavior for the natural surroundings, like love of nature and nature conservation efforts. The methodology used was (1) Statistical descriptive, (2) MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) and (3) Independent sample t-test. The results showed the religious behavior UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students has a very good category. This is indicated by the mean values for the behavior of haluminallah and habluminannas of 158.85 and 178.76,  espectively. The average value of habluminallah behaviour in the range of values "145-180" with the category of "very good" and habluminannas behavior in the range value "165-205" with the category "very good. Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are different for each faculty. This is indicated by the significance level of Pillai Trace, Wilk Lambda, Hotelling Trace, Roy's Largest Root of 0.00 (<0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are the same for respondents who live in dormitories, boarding houses, and parents' homes. This is indicated by the value of F test and significance at Wilk's Lambda respectively for 2.055 and 0.085 (>0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for urban and rural respondents. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.317 and 0.245 (> 0.05), respectively. Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for male and female. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.950 and 0.307 (> 0.05),respectively. The results of this study are expected to be used to develop university policies that can enhance the Islamic values of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

Modern Office Technology Competencies Expected of Office Technology and Management (OTM) Graduate Workers in Delta State.

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Ozoem Martha ◽  
Chibuike Victoria C. ◽  
Ugwunwoti Emeka P.
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Technology Competencies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Communication Competencies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study was carried out to determine the modern office technology competencies expected of office technology and management (OTM) graduate workers by supervisors in Delta State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The respondents consisted of 142 supervisors, made up of 74 heads of department and directors of government establishments, and 68 managers and directors of private establishments in the study area. Descriptive survey research design was used to conduct the study and 28 – items questionnaire were used to collect data from respondents. The instrument was validated by three experts and had a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.77. Means with standard deviations were used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The extent of supervisor‟s expectations of information processing competencies did not differ significantly based on the mean ratings of male and female supervisors of OTM graduates in government and private establishments. The findings also revealed that supervisors expect much information processing and communication competencies from the OTM graduate workers. Based on the findings and the implications, it was recommended among others that, curriculum planners, business and OTM education lecturers should ensure that the competencies required for modern office technologies are entrenched and taught in the institutions to prepare the OTM graduates for the world of work.

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