DIKEGULAC-SODIUM REDUCES SHOOT ELONGATION OF FAIRVIEW JUNIPER

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1163
Author(s):  
G. P. LUMIS ◽  
A. GAIL JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Terminal Shoot

A foliar spray application of 0.1% dikegulac-sodium (Atrinal) on Juniperus chinensis L. ’Fairview’ was an effective chemical pruning agent. As the concentration of dikegulac was increased from 0.1 to 0.4% terminal shoot growth was greatly reduced and injury increased while lateral branching was not influenced.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Auxin for Rooting Stem Cuttings of Selected Ornamental Crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Application Methods

Abstract Research was conducted to determine whether a foliar spray application of the commercial root-promoting formulation Dip 'N Grow® [10,000 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 5,000 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid] or the potassium (K) salt of IBA (K-IBA) would be as effective as a basal quick-dip for rooting stem cuttings of selected ornamentals. Cuttings of Chrysanthemum pacficum sprayed with Dip 'N Grow® at 50 + 25 ppm IBA + NAA or K-IBA at 0 to 50 ppm showed generally similar root development measures compared to a basal quick-dip; an exception was 10 ppm K-IBA which produced greater total root length. Cuttings of Forsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Gold’ typically did not differ in root development under the two application methods, but cuttings sprayed with Dip 'N Grow® at 0 + 0 to 10 + 5 ppm IBA + NAA exhibited greater shoot growth 80 days after sticking (insertion into the rooting substrate) than cuttings receiving a basal quick-dip. Root and shoot development measures were similar or lower for cuttings of Abelia x grandiflora, Hydrangea paniculata, and Lagerstroemia (indica x fauriei) ‘Natchez’ sprayed with auxin compared to a basal quick-dip.

scholarly journals Validation of a Model for Simulating the Effect of Daminozide Application on Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 500C-500
Author(s):  
J.H. Lieth ◽  
L.R. Oki ◽  
P. Ng ◽  
M.C. Garcia-Navarro ◽  
S.H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Potted Plant

Daminozide is a growth retardant used in potted plant production as a foliar spray to inhibit shoot elongation. It has its greatest inhibitory effect immediately after application, becoming less pronounced thereafter; continued retardation is accomplished by reapplication at 7to 14-day intervals. A model for this retardation effect is useful in developing decision support tools, as well as in optimizing (perhaps minimizing) the use of this growth retardant. Such a model, as developed and described earlier, simulates the effect of a foliar spray application of daminozide at various concentrations on various days during the production cycle. The objective of this work was to validate this model for various varieties of chrysanthemum. Using the model to simulate the effect of one application of daminozide resulted in predicted plant heights very close to the observed heights for most of the varieties tested. Of four methods used to implement the multiple-application effect, two resulted in very good simulation of the observed plant heights. In summary, the model was shown to be valid for all the varieties of chrysanthemum tested.

scholarly journals Prohexadione-Ca and Ethephon Reduce Shoot Growth and Increase Flowering in Young, Vigorous Sweet Cherry Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Elfving ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Dwayne B. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Cherry Trees

Prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and ethephon (ETH) were evaluated as potential inhibitors of growth and promoters of early flowering for high density orchard management of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees on vigorous rootstocks. Single applications (P-Ca at 125 to 250 mg·L-1 active ingredient (a.i.) or ETH at 175 to 200 mg·L-1 a.i.) to young, nonfruiting sweet cherry trees produced short-term, generally transient reductions in terminal shoot elongation, and did not stimulate flower bud formation. Tank-mix applications (P-Ca + ETH) usually produced a stronger, possibly synergistic, reduction in shoot growth rate. Single tank-mix applications either increased subsequent flower bud density on previous season shoots or had no effect; when a second application was made three weeks later to the same trees, subsequent flower bud density on previous season shoots and spurs on older wood increased ≈3-fold over untreated trees. Yield efficiency (g·cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) also increased nearly 3-fold. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); calcium 3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene carboxylate (prohexadione-Ca); polyoxyethylene polypropoxypropanol, dihydroxypropane, 2-butoxyethanol (Regulaid); aliphatic polycarboxylate, calcium (Tri-Fol).

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Uniconazole Drench and Spray on Shoot Elongation of Hybrid Lilies

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jiao ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
M.J. Tsujita
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Height Reduction

Uniconazole was applied as a drench or spray to six hybrid lily (Liliurn sp.) cultivars. Spray application was generally more effective than drench in reducing shoot elongation rate in the first few weeks, and then the efficacy decreased and was less effective than the drench at later stages of plant development. At flowering, a uniconazole drench at 0.1 mg/pot was ineffective for height reduction in `Bravo', `Juliana', and `Sunray' lilies. At higher rates, uniconazole drench was similar to spray in reducing shoot growth in `Bravo' and 306-1 but less effective than spray in `Juliana', `Star Gazer', and `Sunray' lilies. Uniconazole spray reduced plant height at flowering in all the lilies compared to control plants. Days to flower was not affected in `Bravo', `Juliana', and `Sunray' but was increased in `Star Gazer', 306-1, and 306-2 by uniconazole spray treatments. Flowering duration was decreased only in 306-1 by uniconazole spray at 0.2 mg/pot. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl) -4,4 -dimethyl-2-(l,2,4 -triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3 -ol (uniconazole).

scholarly journals Eastern White Pine Flowering in Response to Spray Application of Gibberellin A4/7 or Procone™

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Pijut
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Strobili

Abstract Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is an important forestry species in the northeastern and midwestern United States and in eastern Canada. Induction of early and reliable flowering and cone production will shorten the breeding cycle and aid in the development of genetically improved white pine. The objective of this study was to determine if a foliar spray application of gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) or ProCone™ would induce both male and female strobili on young grafted eastern white pine selected for white pine blister rust resistance. Trees were sprayed (500 mg L-1) weekly in 1998 during the period of rapid shoot elongation (mid-May through July), for a total of 11 applications. Flowering data were collected June 15, 1999. Twenty-five out of 53 genotypes produced male strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of male strobili clusters per tree (and the mean number ± SE of pollen-cones per cluster) produced with GA4/7, ProCone™, or untreated controls were: 643 (7.1 ± 0.3); 574 (7.9 ± 0.3); and 79 (8.3 ± 0.8), respectively. Twenty out of 53 genotypes produced female strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of female strobili per tree (and the mean number ± SE of female strobili per shoot) produced with GA4/7, ProCone™, or untreated controls were: 87 (1.1 ± 0.1); 130 (1.3 ± 0.1); and 33 (0.6 ± 0.1), respectively. Eleven genotypes produced both male and female strobili. Control trees that flowered may have been the result of spray drift. The results indicate that a foliar spray application of GA4/7 or ProCone™ at 500 mg L-1 will induce both male and female strobili, but not on all selected genotypes of eastern white pine.

Cyclanilide Spray Increases Branching in Containerized Whip Production

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Petra Sternberg ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Lateral Branching ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tree Quality ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract A major goal in the production of tree whips is to produce appropriately sized, well-branched liners with a crown form similar to that of a mature tree. Pruning is used to induce lateral branching. This can result in poor tree quality, reduced growth and the practice is labor intensive. An alternative to mechanical pruning, foliar Cyclanilide® (CYC) sprays at 0, 56, 1 12 and 223 ppm were applied to container grown whips to determine its effect on branching of Amelanchier; Cercis, Malus and Tilia whips. Most species responded to CYC sprays with increased lateral branching if treated during active shoot elongation. Cyclanilide® sprays of 1 12 ppm produced the greatest number of branches. Sprays at 56 ppm resulted in reduced branching (relative to 112 ppm), while sprays of 223 ppm did not increase the number of branches, relative to sprays of 112 ppm, but reduced growth. Cyclanilide® sprays reduced height growth, relative to untreated whips, but did not alter height diameter growth. Cyclanilide® foliar applications to container -grown whips during periods of active shoot elongation increased branching in one-year-old whips that normally do not branch until the second year of production. Further, the origin of lateral branching can be controlled by timing of CYC application. The results indicate that CYC foliar sprays can be an important tool in the production of one-year-old branched whips.

The effects of summer shoot production on height growth components of seedlings of California red and white fir

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Hallgren ◽  
John A. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Apical Dome ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Needle Primordia

Morphogenesis of the terminal shoot was studied in 2-year-old seedlings of California red fir (Abiesmagnifica A. Murr.) and two elevational sources of white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.). Seedlings were either watered or left unwatered during the growing season in order to produce different shoot morphologies and seedlings with and without a summer shoot. Under favorable soil moisture, the frequency of summer shoot production was 32, 53, and 82% for red fir and high- and low-elevation white fir, respectively. Drought from mid-May to mid-September reduced summer shoot production to less than 1% in both species. Spring shoot morphology was not an indicator of capacity to produce a summer shoot. Rate of primordium production was directly related to apical dome diameter. However, when the normal spring increase in apical dome diameter was arrested by summer shoot elongation, the rate of primordium production appeared to be unaffected. Although the apical and subapical meristems were active at the same time, they did not appear to be antagonistic. The major effects of producing a summer shoot were as follows: (i) elongation of 60–120% more intemodes in the current growing season, (ii) production of 15–40% more needle primordia in the overwintering bud, (iii) production of 30–60% more primordia annually, and (iv) increase in the percentage of total primordium production that developed into needles from 60% to 75–80%.

Shoot morphology and shoot growth potential in 1-year-old Scots pine seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings

When seedlings of a single seed source of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were raised for 26 weeks in a naturally lit, heated greenhouse, two types of shoot morphology were observed. Type 1 was that normally found in 1-year-old seedlings. Type 2 had a shoot morphology similar to that of seedlings raised outdoors for two growing seasons. When compared with type 1 plants, type 2 plants had an earlier start to shoot elongation, set their buds earlier, and stopped shoot elongation sooner. After one growing season, type 2 plants were shorter, had fewer stem units for shoot elongation in the second season, but carried a greater foliage biomass than 1-year-old type plants. After two seasons they remained shorter. Thus, plant rearing practices which result in the production of seedlings with this type of shoot morphology arc undesirable.The relationship between early "budsct," shoot morphology, and plant height suggests that the proportion of seedlings with a 2-year-old shoot morphology after one growing season in a heated greenhouse may be used as an early test for height growth potential in seed origins and possibly in progenies of north temperate pine species.

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