scholarly journals Financial and Wildlife Benefits from Crop Tree Release in Pole-Sized Central Hardwood Oak Stands

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Morrissey ◽  
Michael R. Saunders ◽  
William L. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multiobjective Approach ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Forest Values ◽  
Returns On Investment

Abstract We simulated growth and development from 481 plots within 21 even-aged, mixed hardwood stands (21‐35 years old) under no treatment and crop tree release (CTR) treatments using the new Central States Variant of the US Forest Service Forest Vegetation Simulator. We assumed a multiobjective approach focused on financial returns (timber production) and wildlife benefits (provision of species that produce hard mast) in crop tree selection. We compared simulation results by age class, site variables, and species groups. All age classes showed returns on investment (ROI) of 7.8% or greater, but stands 26‐35 years old exhibited greater net present values (NPVs). CTR treatments across site, as delineated by aspect and slope positions, also exhibited higher NPVs, with ROI of 8.4% or greater. North and east aspects yielded higher NPVs than south and west aspects within both no-thinning and CTR treatments, and no strong patterns of NPV or ROI emerged among slope positions. CTR treatment delayed financial maturity by 5‐10 years because of increased growth rates and assumed higher quality stems. Desirable overstory mast trees for wildlife habitat, primarily oaks (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.), increased in importance value, and mortality of crop trees declined with CTR in all age classes. Simulated CTR treatments indicated potential benefits to enhance financial and wildlife forest values in even-aged, mixed hardwood stands.

Investment in the agricultural sector as a way to solve food security problems in developing countries: the example of investment activity of the US agribusiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Stepanovna Ustinovich ◽  
Tatyana Petrovna Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits

It is clear to everyone that investment in the agricultural sector in developing countries is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty and hunger in the world. Agricultural investment can generate a wide range of development opportunities. However, these benefi ts cannot be expected to arise automatically. Some forms of large-scale investment pose significant risks to investor states. It should be noted, however, that, despite discussions about the potential benefits and risks of international investment, there is still no evidence of negative actual consequences for the countries receiving investments. This article examines the issues of investment activity in relation to developing countries using the example of US agribusiness entities.

scholarly journals 3-D Printable Polymer Pelletizer Chopper for Fused Granular Fabrication-Based Additive Manufacturing

Inventions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Woern ◽  
Joshua Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Composite Fabrication ◽  
The Us ◽  
Color Mixing ◽  
Returns On Investment

Although distributed additive manufacturing can provide high returns on investment, the current markup on commercial filament over base polymers limits deployment. These cost barriers can be surmounted by eliminating the entire process of fusing filament by three-dimensional (3-D) printing products directly from polymer granules. Fused granular fabrication (FGF) (or fused particle fabrication (FPF)) is being held back in part by the accessibility of low-cost pelletizers and choppers. An open-source 3-D printable invention disclosed here allows for precisely controlled pelletizing of both single thermopolymers as well as composites for 3-D printing. The system is designed, built, and tested for its ability to provide high-tolerance thermopolymer pellets with a number of sizes capable of being used in an FGF printer. In addition, the chopping pelletizer is tested for its ability to chop multi-materials simultaneously for color mixing and composite fabrication as well as precise fractional measuring back to filament. The US$185 open-source 3-D printable pelletizer chopper system was successfully fabricated and has a 0.5 kg/h throughput with one motor, and 1.0 kg/h throughput with two motors using only 0.24 kWh/kg during the chopping process. Pellets were successfully printed directly via FGF as well as indirectly after being converted into high-tolerance filament in a recyclebot.

Measurements, datasets and preliminary results from the RxCADRE project – 2008, 2011 and 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Ottmar ◽  
J. Kevin Hiers ◽  
Bret W. Butler ◽  
Craig B. Clements ◽  
Matthew B. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Fire Modelling ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Science Disciplines

The lack of independent, quality-assured field data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating and advancing wildland fire models. To rectify this, scientists and technicians convened in the south-eastern United States in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to collect wildland fire data in six integrated core science disciplines defined by the fire modelling community. These were fuels, meteorology, fire behaviour, energy, smoke emissions and fire effects. The campaign is known as the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) and sampled 14 forest and 14 non-forest sample units associated within 6 small replicate (<10 ha) and 10 large operational (between 10 and 1000 ha) prescribed fires. Precampaign planning included identifying hosting agencies receptive to research and the development of study, logistics and safety plans. Data were quality-assured, reduced, analysed and formatted and placed into a globally accessible repository maintained by the US Forest Service Research Data Archive. The success of the RxCADRE project led to the commencement of a follow-on larger multiagency project called the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). This overview summarises the RxCADRE project and nine companion papers that describe the data collection, analysis and important conclusions from the six science disciplines.

scholarly journals Ecoregion-Based Local Volume Equations for Appalachian Hardwoods

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Brooks ◽  
Harry V. Wiant
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Central Appalachia ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Simple Power Function ◽  
Appalachian Hardwoods ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Local merchantable board foot, cubic foot, and weight equations are developed for six economically important hardwood species in central Appalachia. Equations were based on a simple power function and were fit to volumes from the US Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis data for West Virginia and parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky. Five ecoregions were identified and the volume equations were tested to determine whether differences by ecoregion were statistically significant. Results varied by species, volume type, and ecoregion. Average bias between a single-species region-wide model and specific ecoregion forms ranged from −9.1 to 8.5% for gross board foot volume (International ¼ in.), −3.5 to 9.2% for gross merchantable cubic foot volume, and −9.5 to 16.7% for merchantable drybole weight (pounds).

Tariff cuts and US net potential benefits: the case of the US and Mexico

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509-1514
Author(s):  
Moosa Khan ◽  
Matiur Rahman ◽  
Anisul Islam
Keyword(s):  
The Us ◽  
Potential Benefits

scholarly journals (A59) Advent of the Confide Guidelines for Disaster Medicine Reporting

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s16-s16
Author(s):  
D.A. Bradt ◽  
P. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Consort Statement ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Biomedical Journal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Benefits

Disaster reports are common in the literature. Accurate and complete reporting assists readers and researchers in developing best practices. There have been notable efforts, such as the Utstein Template, to standardize the language of disasters and promote consistent use of definitions. However, case reports are complicated by the presence of four dominant types recognized in the literature. Moreover, the disciplines of medicine, public health, and disaster management differ in origins, definitions, research paradigms, and tools of evidence-based decision-making. Finally, biomedical journal guidelines for authors writing disaster case reports have lacked the rigor of standards associated with observational studies (2007 STROBE statement, 2010 MOOSE statement), or with randomized controlled trials (1996 CONSORT statement, 1999 QUORUM statement). This paper examines current efforts to intensify the rigor of future disaster case reports through uniform reporting requirements for authors. The initial workgroup comprised editorial board members of two biomedical journals indexed in the US National Library of Medicine—Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, and Emergency Medicine Australasia. The workgroup members self-selected based on extensive disaster field experience as technical advisor with governmental, non-governmental, Red Cross and UN agencies. The workgroup identified key information needed to understand the context, structure, process, and outcome/impact of disaster field interventions. Then, the workgroup organized this information in thematic domains. Consensus guidelines emerged for Reports of Field Interventions in Disasters and Emergencies (CONFIDE). The CONFIDE Statement addresses 16 keys areas within seven domains, including: field authorization for access, field logistics, initial assessment, clinical epidemiology, and funding. The Statement was first published in December 2010, at which time, the authors began integrating the guidelines with biomedical journal instructions for authors. The paper details current efforts to broaden editorial acceptance of the guidelines, implications for future authors, and potential benefits to the disaster medicine community.

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