scholarly journals Patterns of E-cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Cessation Over 2 Years (2013/2014–2015/2016) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Glasser ◽  
Mahathi Vojjala ◽  
Jennifer Cantrell ◽  
David T Levy ◽  
Daniel P Giovenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking

Abstract Introduction Understanding the population impact of e-cigarettes requires determining their effect on cigarette smoking cessation. Methods Using the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health cohort, we examined smoking cessation among adult current cigarette smokers at Wave 1 with follow-up data at Waves 2 and 3 (n = 9724). Results By Wave 3 (2015/2016), 17.3% of smokers had quit smoking. Smokers using e-cigarettes daily or who increased to daily use over the three waves were two to four times more likely to have quit in the short term (<1 year) and long term (1+ years) compared with never e-cigarette users (p < .001). E-cigarette use in the last quit attempt was associated with a higher likelihood of short-term (<1 year) quitting at Wave 3 (adjusted relative risk ratio: 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.71) compared with smokers who did not use an e-cigarette in their last quit attempt. Noncurrent (no use in any wave) e-cigarette users and users who were unstable in use frequency were 33% and 47% less likely to quit in the short-term, respectively (p < .001). Flavored (vs nonflavored) and using a rechargeable (vs disposable) e-cigarette device was associated with an increased likelihood of both short- and long-term quitting. Conclusion Smoking cessation was more likely among frequent e-cigarette users, users of e-cigarettes in last quit attempt, and users of flavored and rechargeable devices. Less frequent, unstable, past, or never e-cigarette users were less likely to quit smoking. Monitoring the relationship between patterns of e-cigarette and cigarette use is complex but critical for gauging the potential of e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool. Implications This study suggests that consistent and frequent e-cigarette use over time is associated with cigarette smoking cessation among adults in the United States. In addition, findings suggest that flavored e-cigarette use and use of rechargeable e-cigarette devices can facilitate smoking cessation. These results underscore the importance of carefully defining and characterizing e-cigarette exposure patterns, potential confounders, and use of e-cigarettes to quit smoking, as well as variations in length of the smoking cessation.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Flavors and Frequency of E-Cigarette Use among Adult Dual Users Who Attempt to Quit Cigarette Smoking in the United States: Longitudinal Findings from the PATH Study 2015/16–2016/17

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4373
Author(s):  
Karin A. Kasza ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽  
Kathryn C. Edwards ◽  
Michael D. Sawdey ◽  
Marushka L. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Potential mechanisms by which e-cigarette use may relate to combustible cigarette smoking cessation are not well-understood. We used U.S. nationally representative data to prospectively evaluate the relationship between e-cigarette flavor use and frequency of e-cigarette use among adult cigarette/e-cigarette dual users who attempted to quit smoking cigarettes. Analyses used Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study data from adult dual users (2015/16) who attempted to quit smoking between 2015/16 and 2016/17 (Wave 3-Wave 4, n = 685, including those who did/did not quit by 2016/17). E-cigarette flavor use (usual/last flavor, past 30-day flavor; assessed in 2015/16) was categorized into Only tobacco; Only menthol/mint; Only non-tobacco, non-menthol/mint; and Any combination of tobacco, menthol/mint, other flavor(s). The key outcome, evaluated at follow-up in 2016/17, was frequent e-cigarette use, which was defined as use on 20+ of past 30 days. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between e-cigarette flavor use in 2015/16 and frequent e-cigarette use at follow-up in 2016/17. Dual users who attempted to quit smoking had greater odds of frequent e-cigarette use at follow-up when they used only non-tobacco, non-menthol/mint flavor than when they used only tobacco flavor as their regular/last e-cigarette flavor (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4); findings were no longer significant when adjusted for factors including e-cigarette device type (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7–2.8). Past 30-day e-cigarette flavor use results were generally similar, although frequent e-cigarette use at follow-up was highest among those who used any combination of tobacco, menthol/mint, or other flavors. Findings indicate that e-cigarette flavor use among dual users who attempt to quit smoking may be related to e-cigarette use frequency overall, which may indicate a mechanism underlying findings for e-cigarette use and smoking cessation. Further longitudinal research may help to disentangle how e-cigarette characteristics uniquely impact e-cigarette use frequency and smoking cessation/sustained use.

scholarly journals How does the use of flavored nicotine vaping products relate to progression towards quitting smoking? Findings from the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Ron Borland ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Abstract Introduction There is limited research on the role of flavors in nicotine vaping products (NVPs) in relation to smoking. We examined patterns of flavor use in NVPs in relation to progression towards quitting. Methods Data come from 886 concurrent users of NVPs (at least weekly) and cigarettes who were first surveyed in 2016 and then successfully recontacted in 2018 as part of the ITC 4CV Surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, England and the United States. Participants were asked about their main vaping flavor categorized as: 1) tobacco or unflavored, 2) menthol/mint flavored, and 3) “sweet” flavors (e.g., fruit/candy). We examined whether flavor was associated with progression towards quitting smoking between survey years. Results Overall, 11.1% of baseline concurrent users quit smoking by 2018. Compared to users of tobacco flavors, those vaping “sweet” flavors were more likely to quit smoking between surveys (13.8% vs. 9.6%; adjusted OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.01-2.58, p<0.05), but those using menthol flavors were no more likely to quit smoking (8.3% vs. 9.6%, aOR=0.87, 95% CI 0.43-1.47, p=0.69). Among those who had quit smoking in 2018, 52.0% were still vaping, which was lower than the 65.8% among continuing smokers (aOR=0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.92, p=0.02). Sweet flavor users were no more likely to continue vaping compared to tobacco flavor users, either for those continuing smoking or those having quit smoking by 2018. There was a net shift away from tobacco flavor among those who continued to vape at follow-up. Conclusions Use of fruit and other sweet flavored e-liquids is positively related to smokers’ transition away from cigarettes. Implications With multiple jurisdictions considering limiting or banning the sale of flavored NVPs, it is important to consider how such policies may impact smokers using NVPs to transition away from cigarette smoking. Our results indicate that vapers who used sweet flavors were more likely to transition away from cigarette smoking and quit cigarette use, at least in the short term, compared to those who used tobacco or unflavored NVPs. Randomized clinical trials are needed to establish if the observed association between use of flavored e-liquids and smoking cessation is due to self-selection or is truly causal.

Effects of menthol use and transitions in use on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarettes among US smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056596
Author(s):  
Eric C Leas ◽  
Tarik Benmarhnia ◽  
David R Strong ◽  
John P Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Risk Ratios

ObjectivesTo estimate the effect of menthol use and transitions in use (switching to or from menthol) on short-term and long-term cessation from cigarette smoking and whether this differed across demographic groups (age, sex, race).MethodsWe compared the probability of 30+ day and 12-month abstinence from cigarette smoking by menthol use status using two cohorts of US adult cigarette smokers who attempted to quit smoking in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (wave 1 to wave 3 and wave 2 to wave 4; n=5759), inverse probability of treatment weighting and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs).ResultsUsing menthol (vs non-menthol) prior to a quit attempt decreased the probability of 30+ day abstinence by 28% (aRR=0.78; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and the probability of 12-month abstinence by 53% (aRR=0.65; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88). Additionally, switching from menthol (vs maintaining menthol use) increased the probability of 30+ day abstinence by 58% (aRR=1.58; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.50) and the probability of 12-month abstinence by 97% (aRR=1.86; 95% CI 0.92 to 3.74). Switching to menthol (vs maintaining non-menthol use) was associated with a lower probability of 30+ day (aRR=0.70; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.16) and 12-month abstinence (aRR=0.64; 95% CI 0.30 to 1.36), but these associations were imprecise. The effects of menthol use on impaired quitting were slightly larger for non-Hispanic Black smokers, but not different for other demographic groups.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that menthol impaired menthol smokers’ attempts to quit smoking but switching from menthol improved success. This suggests that removing menthol may improve menthol smokers’ success during quit attempts.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Using Wearable Sensors: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial

10.2196/22877 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e22877
Author(s):  
Laura M Hernandez ◽  
David W Wetter ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Steven K Sutton ◽  
Christine Vinci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking

Background Cigarette smoking has numerous health consequences and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Mindfulness has the ability to enhance resilience to stressors and can strengthen an individual’s ability to deal with discomfort, which may be particularly useful when managing withdrawal and craving to smoke. Objective This study aims to evaluate feasibility results from an intervention that provides real-time, real-world mindfulness strategies to a sample of racially and ethnically diverse smokers making a quit attempt. Methods This study uses a microrandomized trial design to deliver mindfulness-based strategies in real time to individuals attempting to quit smoking. Data will be collected via wearable sensors, a study smartphone, and questionnaires filled out during the in-person study visits. Results Recruitment is complete, and data management is ongoing. Conclusions The data collected during this feasibility trial will provide preliminary findings about whether mindfulness strategies delivered in real time are a useful quit smoking aid that warrants additional investigation. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03404596; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404596 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22877

Perceptions of Use Patterns and Health Consequences Associated With Mentholated Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Glasser ◽  
Alexis Barton ◽  
Jessica Rath ◽  
Bethany Simard ◽  
Shyanika W. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Addictive Potential ◽  
The Impact

Despite declines in overall cigarette smoking in the United States, menthol cigarette smoking prevalence has increased among young adults (18-25 years) and remains constant among older adults (26 years and older). Disparities in menthol cigarette use exist, with higher prevalence among younger adult smokers and among racial/ethnic minority populations. Menthol in cigarettes has been shown to play a role in increasing smoking initiation and making it more difficult to quit smoking. Little research focuses on perceptions of the addictive potential and health consequences of menthol cigarette use. This analysis uses data from a national panel of U.S. adults ( n = 1,303) surveyed in 2016. Participants were asked to what extent they agreed with various statements regarding menthol use among demographic and tobacco use subgroups. These data reveal disparities in perceptions of the impact of menthol use, with Black, non-Hispanic, and Hispanic adults and adults with lower income and less education misperceiving the health effects and addiction potential of menthol in cigarettes. Determining how and to what extent population subgroups understand the effect of menthol cigarette use can inform public education strategies and, in turn, policy efforts to ban or restrict menthol cigarette availability.

scholarly journals Maintenance of smoking cessation in Korean single mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Ji Lee ◽  
Kang-Sook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Smoking Cessation Service ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Motivational Enhancement ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Program Data

Abstract Background Single mothers in South Korea are vulnerable to developing smoking habits, due to many difficulties and limitations; however, they have often been overlooked by smoking cessation support services. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the general and smoking-related characteristics of single mothers registered with the Visiting a Smoking Cessation Service in Seoul, South Korea, to identify factors associated with smoking cessation maintenance at 4 weeks and 24 weeks after they initially quit smoking. Methods The participants were 77 single mothers registered in the Smoking Cessation Service Program. Data were included from a three-year span (January 2017–December 2019). Smoking cessation counseling, motivational enhancement, and self-exploration counseling were provided for six months. The participants were evaluated on their smoking cessation status at 4 weeks and 24 weeks. Results Most participants were aged 22 years or younger. The rates of smoking cessation maintenance were 58.4 and 18% at 4 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. The higher the number of counseling sessions, the higher the participants’ chances of maintaining smoking in all non-smoking periods, and whether pregnancy, CO level, and drinking were significant only in a short-term non-smoking period (4 weeks). Conclusions Our results suggest that the number of smoking cessation counseling sessions is important for long-term smoking cessation beyond short-term cessation in single mothers. To increase the smoking cessation rate of single mothers, it is important to conduct customized smoking cessation counseling at the time of smoking cessation and continue such counseling in the long term.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Using Wearable Sensors: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M Hernandez ◽  
David W Wetter ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Steven K Sutton ◽  
Christine Vinci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has numerous health consequences and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Mindfulness has the ability to enhance resilience to stressors and can strengthen an individual’s ability to deal with discomfort, which may be particularly useful when managing withdrawal and craving to smoke. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate feasibility results from an intervention that provides real-time, real-world mindfulness strategies to a sample of racially and ethnically diverse smokers making a quit attempt. METHODS This study uses a microrandomized trial design to deliver mindfulness-based strategies in real time to individuals attempting to quit smoking. Data will be collected via wearable sensors, a study smartphone, and questionnaires filled out during the in-person study visits. RESULTS Recruitment is complete, and data management is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS The data collected during this feasibility trial will provide preliminary findings about whether mindfulness strategies delivered in real time are a useful quit smoking aid that warrants additional investigation. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03404596; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404596 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/22877

scholarly journals Is vaping better than smoking for cardiorespiratory and muscle function?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Z. Darabseh ◽  
James Selfe ◽  
Christopher I. Morse ◽  
Hans Degens
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Better Than

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases and even decrements in muscle function. Electronic cigarette use (vaping) is considered a healthier alternative to cigarette smoking and may help in smoking cessation. However, the effects of vaping are not clear yet and particularly the long-term effects of vaping are largely unknown. Some reports suggest that vaping maybe as harmful for e.g. respiratory function, as cigarette smoking. In this narrative review the effects of vaping and cigarette smoking on respiratory, cardiovascular and muscle function are compared. Overall, vaping has been found to cause similar effects as smoking on lung function and cardiovascular function. Future studies are needed to clarify the severity of smoking- and vaping-induced decrements on muscle function.

Associations between electronic cigarette use and quitting behaviours among South African adult smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056102
Author(s):  
Israel Agaku ◽  
Catherine O Egbe ◽  
Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
South African ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe South African Medicines Control Council classifies e-cigarettes as Schedule 3 substances and requires them to be dispensed only within pharmacies. e-Cigarettes are however ubiquitous and are marketed as cessation aids. We investigated the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation among South African adult smokers.MethodsData came from a 2018 web survey of South African adults aged ≥18 years (n=18 208). Cessation-related attitudes and behaviours were assessed. Using multivariable logistic regression, we measured the association between e-cigarette use and cessation behaviours among ever-established combustible tobacco smokers who tried to quit.FindingsAmong current combustible smokers, more e-cigarette ever versus never users believed e-cigarettes could assist smokers to completely quit (35.5% vs 20.4%) or cut down (51.7% vs 26.5%) (all p<0.05). Among ever-established smokers, the odds of sustained quitting at the 12-month mark were lower among those who used e-cigarettes once off/rarely (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.20, 95% CI=0.16–0.24), former e-cigarette users (AOR=0.30, 95% CI=0.24–0.38) and current e-cigarette users (AOR=0.23, 95% CI=0.18–0.29), compared with never e-cigarette users. Among ever-established smokers who had ever tried to quit, 53.6% relapsed into smoking after quitting for any length of time. The odds of relapsing among ever-established smokers who had made a quit attempt and had a quit intention were higher among those who used e-cigarettes once off/rarely (AOR=2.66; 95% CI=2.31–3.08), former e-cigarette users (AOR=1.41; 95% CI=1.18–1.69) and current e-cigarette users (AOR=1.85; 95% CI=1.55–2.22) than never e-cigarette users.Conclusione-Cigarette use depressed long-term cessation. These findings can inform restrictions on unsubstantiated claims of e-cigarettes as cessation aids within South Africa.

scholarly journals Motivational Benefits of Social Support and Behavioural Interventions for Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia N. Soulakova ◽  
Chiung-Ya Tang ◽  
Selena A. Leonardo ◽  
Lindsay A. Taliaferro
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Intentions To Quit

This study examined the role of social support and behavioural interventions used during the last unsuccessful quit attempt for smokers’ intentions to quit smoking within the next six months, and identified smokers’ attributes associated with the use of social support and behavioural interventions. The analytic sample included 7,195 adult daily smokers who responded to the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, conducted in the United States, and indicated having a serious quit attempt in the past 12 months. Smokers who relied on social support from friends and family had higher odds of intending to quit than those who did not (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.22:1.58), and smokers who used interventions had higher odds of intending to quit than those who did not (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07:1.74). These associations were similar for both sexes, all age groups, and nicotine dependence levels. Both, relying on social support and the use of behavioural interventions were more common among smokers who were female, higher educated, residing in the Western US region, and those who used pharmacological aids for smoking cessation. Social support and behavioural interventions are associated with higher intentions to quit among attempters who relapsed and thus, may aid future smoking cessation.

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