Associations between electronic cigarette use and quitting behaviours among South African adult smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056102
Author(s):  
Israel Agaku ◽  
Catherine O Egbe ◽  
Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
South African ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe South African Medicines Control Council classifies e-cigarettes as Schedule 3 substances and requires them to be dispensed only within pharmacies. e-Cigarettes are however ubiquitous and are marketed as cessation aids. We investigated the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation among South African adult smokers.MethodsData came from a 2018 web survey of South African adults aged ≥18 years (n=18 208). Cessation-related attitudes and behaviours were assessed. Using multivariable logistic regression, we measured the association between e-cigarette use and cessation behaviours among ever-established combustible tobacco smokers who tried to quit.FindingsAmong current combustible smokers, more e-cigarette ever versus never users believed e-cigarettes could assist smokers to completely quit (35.5% vs 20.4%) or cut down (51.7% vs 26.5%) (all p<0.05). Among ever-established smokers, the odds of sustained quitting at the 12-month mark were lower among those who used e-cigarettes once off/rarely (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.20, 95% CI=0.16–0.24), former e-cigarette users (AOR=0.30, 95% CI=0.24–0.38) and current e-cigarette users (AOR=0.23, 95% CI=0.18–0.29), compared with never e-cigarette users. Among ever-established smokers who had ever tried to quit, 53.6% relapsed into smoking after quitting for any length of time. The odds of relapsing among ever-established smokers who had made a quit attempt and had a quit intention were higher among those who used e-cigarettes once off/rarely (AOR=2.66; 95% CI=2.31–3.08), former e-cigarette users (AOR=1.41; 95% CI=1.18–1.69) and current e-cigarette users (AOR=1.85; 95% CI=1.55–2.22) than never e-cigarette users.Conclusione-Cigarette use depressed long-term cessation. These findings can inform restrictions on unsubstantiated claims of e-cigarettes as cessation aids within South Africa.

scholarly journals Patterns of E-cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Cessation Over 2 Years (2013/2014–2015/2016) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Glasser ◽  
Mahathi Vojjala ◽  
Jennifer Cantrell ◽  
David T Levy ◽  
Daniel P Giovenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Smoking

Abstract Introduction Understanding the population impact of e-cigarettes requires determining their effect on cigarette smoking cessation. Methods Using the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health cohort, we examined smoking cessation among adult current cigarette smokers at Wave 1 with follow-up data at Waves 2 and 3 (n = 9724). Results By Wave 3 (2015/2016), 17.3% of smokers had quit smoking. Smokers using e-cigarettes daily or who increased to daily use over the three waves were two to four times more likely to have quit in the short term (&lt;1 year) and long term (1+ years) compared with never e-cigarette users (p &lt; .001). E-cigarette use in the last quit attempt was associated with a higher likelihood of short-term (&lt;1 year) quitting at Wave 3 (adjusted relative risk ratio: 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.71) compared with smokers who did not use an e-cigarette in their last quit attempt. Noncurrent (no use in any wave) e-cigarette users and users who were unstable in use frequency were 33% and 47% less likely to quit in the short-term, respectively (p &lt; .001). Flavored (vs nonflavored) and using a rechargeable (vs disposable) e-cigarette device was associated with an increased likelihood of both short- and long-term quitting. Conclusion Smoking cessation was more likely among frequent e-cigarette users, users of e-cigarettes in last quit attempt, and users of flavored and rechargeable devices. Less frequent, unstable, past, or never e-cigarette users were less likely to quit smoking. Monitoring the relationship between patterns of e-cigarette and cigarette use is complex but critical for gauging the potential of e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool. Implications This study suggests that consistent and frequent e-cigarette use over time is associated with cigarette smoking cessation among adults in the United States. In addition, findings suggest that flavored e-cigarette use and use of rechargeable e-cigarette devices can facilitate smoking cessation. These results underscore the importance of carefully defining and characterizing e-cigarette exposure patterns, potential confounders, and use of e-cigarettes to quit smoking, as well as variations in length of the smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Predictors of Retention in an Adult Text Messaging Smoking Cessation Intervention Program: Cohort Study

10.2196/13712 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e13712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara P Wiseman ◽  
Kisha I Coa ◽  
Yvonne M Prutzman
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Waking Up

Background Mobile health tools such as text messaging programs can support smoking cessation. However, high rates of disengagement from these tools decrease their effectiveness. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify user characteristics associated with retention in an adult text messaging smoking cessation intervention. Methods Adults initiating a quit attempt using the publicly available program SmokefreeTXT between March 6 and June 21, 2016 (n=6215), were included. Data were collected to assess nicotine dependence, frequency of being around other smokers, time of the day for cigarette cravings, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to quit smoking, confidence in quitting, and long-term intention to be smoke free. Multivariable survival analysis modeling for time to opt out was conducted to identify characteristics associated with opting out over the course of the intervention, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking frequency, reset of the quit date by the user, and the number of days enrolled before initiating the quit attempt. Among those who opted out, multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of opting out early (within 3 days and between 4 and 7 days into the quit attempt) compared to opting out late (more than 7 days into the quit attempt), adjusting for the same confounders. Results Survival analyses indicated that younger age, female sex, higher levels of nicotine dependence, lower intention to be smoke free, and enrolling in SmokefreeTXT ≤1 week before initiating the quit attempt were associated with an increased risk of opting out. For example, users who smoked within 5 minutes of waking up were 1.17 times more likely to opt out than those who smoked more than 5 minutes after waking up (95% CI 1.01-1.35). Among users who opted out from SmokefreeTXT, logistic regression modeling indicated that compared to users who were never or rarely around other smokers, those who were sometimes around other smokers had 1.96 times more likely to opt out within the first 3 days of the quit attempt (95% CI 1.18-3.25). In addition, compared to users with high levels of long-term quit intention, users with lower levels of intention had 1.80 times the odds of opting out between 4 and 7 days into the quit attempt (95% CI 1.02-3.18). Users who reset their quit date after initiating a quit attempt were less likely to opt out at either time point compared with those who did not reset their quit date. Conclusions Several user characteristics are associated with retention in an adult text messaging smoking cessation program. These results provide guidance on potential characteristics that should be addressed in future text messaging smoking cessation programs. Providing additional support to users with these characteristics may increase retention in text messaging programs and ultimately lead to smoking cessation.

Relationship Value, Trust And Supplier Retention In South African Automotive Supply Chains

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Badenhorst-Weiss ◽  
A.S. Tolmay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
South African ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Relationship Value ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Automotive Supply ◽  
The Relationship

Suppliers have a particular role to play in assuring competitiveness in supply chains. This article investigates the relationship between first and second tier suppliers in automotive supply chains in South Africa. Automotive component suppliers (first tier suppliers to assemblers (OEMS) such as Toyota) should make an extra effort to retain their suppliers (second tier), particularly suppliers of strategic parts, to assure the best value adding by the suppliers in the highly competitive supply chain landscape. To assure best value from suppliers they need to be retained in an active trusting, long term, collaborative relationship.  The more the customer trusts the supplier, the higher the perceived value of the relationship and the more likely parties will work together to retain the business relationship. The aim of this quantitative study amongst first tier suppliers is to obtain more insight into the relationships and the hierarchical correlation between the relationship value, trust and supplier retention in automotive supply chains in South Africa. With a regression analysis it was found that both trust and relationship value are substantial predictors of supplier retention, but trust is more important for supplier retention.

Facebook Chat Application to Prompt and Assist Smoking Cessation Among Spanish-Speaking Young Adults in South Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110262
Author(s):  
Patricia Chalela ◽  
Alfred L. McAlister ◽  
David Akopian ◽  
Edgar Munoz ◽  
Cliff Despres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Given how smart phones, internet services, and social media have shown great potential for assisting smoking cessation, we constructed a Facebook chat application based on our previous work with SMS texting services. This report summarizes findings from 2,364 Spanish-speaking young adults recruited through Facebook advertising in South Texas during the 2020 New Year holiday season. Among these service users, 926 (39%) were ready to make a quit attempt, and 26 (3.1%) of those users reported that they were tobacco free 1 month later. There were no responses to a chat question survey 72 days after the dates selected for quitting. Although more research with longer follow up is needed, these findings show that social media chat applications may be helpful for at least prompting quit attempts and short-term cessation among young adult Spanish-speaking smokers. There is no evidence of an impact on long-term cessation, and more research is clearly needed.

scholarly journals Long-term e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i90-i95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Lin Zhuang ◽  
Sharon E Cummins ◽  
Jessica Y Sun ◽  
Shu-Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cigarette Use

scholarly journals Commitment and the emigration intentions of South African professional nurses

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Bagraim
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
The Relationship

The emigration of skilled nurses from South Africa exacerbates the crisis in the provision of public health services. A descriptive, quantitative design was applied to investigate the relationship between intention to emigrate and employee commitment. Over 400 registered nurses (N = 419), working within public sector tertiary hospitals in the Western Cape, responded to a cross-sectional survey questionnaire. Three foci of employee commitment (organisational, professional and national) were examined but only national commitment significantly helped predict intention to emigrate from South Africa in the regression model (beta = -0.0525, p < 0.0001). The implications of the results obtained in this study are discussed.Die emigrasie van verpleegkundiges uit Suid-Afrika vererger die krisis in die verskaffing van gesondheidsorgdienste in die land. ’n Beskrywende, kwantitatiewe ontwerp is gebruik om die verwantskap tussen werknemertoewyding en die voorneme om te emigreer te ondersoek. Meer as 400 verpleegsters (N = 419) wat in openbare tersiêre hospitale in die Wes-Kaap werk, het op die vraelys gereageer. Drie fokusareas van toewyding (organisatories, professioneel en nasionaal) is gemeet, maar net nasionale toewyding het daartoe bygedra om emigrasievoorneme te voorspel (beta = -0.0525, p < 0.0001). Die implikasies van hierdie resultate word bespreek.

Smoking Cessation and Electronic Cigarette Use among Head and Neck Cancer Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas McQueen ◽  
Erin J. Partington ◽  
Kathleen F. Harrington ◽  
Eben L. Rosenthal ◽  
William R. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use

scholarly journals The protection of environmental interests through corporate governance: A South African company law perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Anthony O. Nwafor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
South African ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Company Law ◽  
The Common ◽  
Corporate Administrators ◽  
Environmental Interests

The quest to maximize profits by corporate administrators usually leaves behind an unhealthy environment. This trend impacts negatively on long term interests of the company and retards societal sustainable development. While there are in South Africa pieces of legislation which are geared at protecting the environment, the Companies Act which is the principal legislation that regulates the operations of the company is silent on this matter. The paper argues that the common law responsibility of the directors to protect the interests of the company as presently codified by the Companies Act should be developed by the courts in South Africa, in the exercise of their powers under the Constitution, to include the interests of the environment. This would guarantee the enforcement of the environmental interests within the confines of the Companies Act as an issue of corporate governance.

scholarly journals The relationship between the National Senior Certificate and the National Benchmark Test for accounting students at a South African university

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Carpenter ◽  
◽  
Lily Roos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Black Students ◽  
South African ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Benchmark Test ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The South African accounting profession needs racial transformation. Consequently, students pursuing the chartered accountant (South Africa) (CA(SA)) designation, especially at-risk Black students, require adequate support. To be successful, the support must be driven by factors influencing students’ academic performance. As prior academic performance is one such factor, this study examines the relationship between the National Senior Certificate (NSC) exams and the National Benchmark Test (NBT) for students enrolled in an accounting degree at a South African university. Due to numerous moderate and strong correlations between NSC and NBT results, without multicollinearity, it was concluded that both sets of results should be considered as factors contributing to students’ academic performance. The findings highlight the need for further empirical research on NSC and NBT results as determinants of success for accounting students.

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