scholarly journals 1192. Correlation Between SARS CoV 2 Viral Load and Clinical Evolution of Patients Under 15 Years of Age with COVID 19 in a General Hospital in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S687-S688
Author(s):  
Martin Brizuela ◽  
Sandra Goñi ◽  
Georgina Cardama ◽  
Leandro Sommese ◽  
Hernan Farina
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
The City

Abstract Background SARS CoV2 infection produces clinical manifestations of different severity. The pediatric population represents less than 10% of cases, with a mortality of less than 1%. The severity of the condition and mortality are mainly associated with comorbidities. There is controversy about the correlation between the viral load of SARS CoV2 in respiratory samples and the evolution and severity of the clinical picture. The CT (cycle threshold) in the detection of the SARS CoV 2 genome in respiratory samples can be used as an indirect indicator of the viral load in the analyzed samples. Goals to determine the correlation between the SARS CoV 2 CT values in the detection of the viral genome with the severity of the clinical picture. Describe the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of patients with PCR-confirmed SARS CoV2 infection in respiratory samples. Methods A retrospective, observational and analytical study that included patients under 15 years of age with confirmed SARS CoV2 infection by PCR of respiratory samples treated at the Hospital Isidoro Iriarte in the city of Quilmes between March 1 2020 and April 30, 2021. Results 485 patients (n) were included. The distribution by severity of the clinical picture was mild (84%, n = 408), moderate (12%, n = 59) and severe (4%, n = 18). Comorbidities were more frequent among patients with moderate and severe symptoms. Viral load was associated with severity of clinical manifestations. Patients with moderate and severe COVID19 required hospital admission more frequently for a longer time, the use of supplemental oxygen and antibiotics were more frequent in patients with moderate and severe symptoms. Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection such as cough and respiratory distress were more frequent in patients with moderate and severe symptoms. No patient required admission to the ICU or mechanical ventilation. No patient died. Conclusion In this study, patients with moderate and severe COVID19 infection had a higher viral load in respiratory samples, a higher frequency of comorbidities, a higher frequency of hospitalization and a longer hospital stay. Lower respiratory symptoms were associated with moderate and severe symptoms, while odynophagia, vomiting, and diarrhea were associated with mild clinical symptoms. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Correlation between Clinical Symptoms of Coeliac Disease, Serum IgA Anti TTG and Biopsy in Pediatric Population of Northern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Sumit Jeena ◽  
Jaswinder Kaur ◽  
Nishant Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Celiac disease is basically an immune-mediated enteropathic condition produced by permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible subjects. There is paucity of data in north India regarding clinical symptoms of coeliac disease, Serum IgA Anti TTG and Biopsy in pediatric population. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the correlation between clinical symptoms of coeliac disease, Serum IgA Anti TTG and Biopsy in pediatric population of northern India.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in prospective including 73 pediatric patients at Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Institute of Child Health, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India. Esophagogastroduodenoendoscopy and serum anti Ig A tissue transglutaminase were performed. The characteristic scalloping of the folds were looked for in endoscopy followed by four duodenal biopsies performed from second part of duodenum and histological grading was performed as per modified marsh system. Patients with Serum IgA anti tTG>20 U/ml were confirmed to be at risk. Complete histological work up was done including hemoglobin, RBC indices and peripheral blood smear examination. The association of clinical manifestations with disease grade was also established with correlation coefficient. All the data thus obtained was arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSS software. Probability value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant.Results: There were 4 males and 16 females with marsh grade 1 and 2 and mean age of 7.3±1.9 years. There were 5 males and 8 females with marsh grade 3a and mean age of 6.8±2.3 years. The mean weight of 18.11±3.89, height of 103.17±8.73 and BMI of 16.26±3.78 was observed amongst subjects with Marsh grade 1 and 2. The mean weight of 15.12±3.17, height of 99.28±9.19 and BMI of 15.02±3.20was observed amongst subjects with Marsh grade 3a. Diarrhoea was maximum amongst subjects with grade 3c and 4(70%) and minimum amongst Grade 1 and 2 (40%). There was a significant difference between the frequency of anemia amongst different grades as the p value was less than 0.05.Conclusion: The most common presenting signs and symptoms were diarrhea and abdominal pain. The study also concluded that the incidence of anemia increases with higher marsh grades.

scholarly journals Diagnostic problems of hirschsprung’s disease in neonates: clinical examples

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Kagan ◽  
Aleksey N. Kotin ◽  
Svetlana A. Karavaeva ◽  
Tamara V. Kesaeva
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hirschsprungs Disease ◽  
The City

Hirschsprungs disease usually manifests from the first days of life and is diagnosed in the newborn period. In some patients Hirschsprungs disease cant be diagnosed in the newborn period because of different forms of disease and clinical features. From 2008 to 2019 75 patients with Hirschsprungs disease were operated in the City Childrens Hospital No. 1. 21 patients had delayed diagnosis. 11 newborns didnt have very clear clinical symptoms, intestinal obstruction disappeared after decompression. 2 patients with associated chromosomal disorders were diagnosed with Hirschsprungs disease later because of. In some of older patients disease manifested with severe constipations. Also, we presented some clinical cases of major diagnostic errors in patients with Hirschsprungs disease. Conclusion. Diagnostic errors in patients with Hirschsprungs disease are associated with the lack of alertness of neonatologists and inadequate interpretation of clinical manifestations and X-ray study. For many years these children can be treated by different specialists before having surgical consult.

scholarly journals Clinical and radiological changes in acute hydrocarbon exposure in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Gabriela Viorela NIȚESCU ◽  
◽  
Dora Andreea BOGHIȚOIU ◽  
Anca Angela SIMIONESCU ◽  
Roxana NEMEŞ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Medical Documents ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Acute chemical poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for the pediatric population, with hydrocarbon exposure accounting for a significant share. The route of exposure but especially the type of hydrocarbons are responsible for the effect that these substances exert on the body and implicitly the clinical picture and an understanding of them is used in the care of the patient exposed to hydrocarbons. Objectives. Outlining the clinical and radiological profile of accidental acute hydrocarbon poisoning in children. Material and method. Medical documents of patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Antitoxic Center with a diagnosis of acute hydrocarbon intoxication over a period of 2 years were retrospectively analyzed, taking into consideration demographic characteristics, type of hydrocarbons, clinical manifestations and radiological changes. Results. 25 cases of acute hydrocarbon poisoning were identified in children. Exposure was only accidental by ingestion, with males and the 1-5 age group occupying the largest share. The main clinical manifestations were respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous system and radiological changes were associated in only 20% of cases. Conclusions. Acute hydrocarbon poisoning in children are frequently asymptomatic or causes mild symptoms, dominated by gastrointestinal, respiratory and neurological manifestations. Pulmonary radiography is mandatory in paraclinical diagnoses but there is no correlation between the severity of the clinical picture and the radiological aspects. There may be situations in which symptomatic patients do not have radiological changes or situations with pathological radiological aspects in asymptomatic patients.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of 60 Adult Cancer Patients Experience Covid-19: A Descriptive-Analytical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozaffar Aznab ◽  
Narges Eskandari-Roozbahani ◽  
Homa Moazen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the clinical symptoms, the severity of the disease, and survival status of COVID-19 cancer patients, and comparing the results in the different cancer subtypes and stages among various ages/sexes and techniques of treatment. Method: In a descriptive-analytical study, the clinical status of 60 cancer patients with a history of Covid-19 over the past year from the covid-19 pandemic in Iran (Jan. 2020-Dec.2020) was assessed. Results Most of the patients (68%) were in the solid tumor categories. The mean age of the men was 52 ± 13 years, and women were 47 ± 13 years (P < 0.05). Most cases of COVID-19 positive in solid tumor were breast cancer (24.4%), colon cancer (22%), gastric cancer (9.8%), and in hematologic malignancy, lymphoma (31.6%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (31.6%), and acute leukemia (21.1%). There was a statistically significant difference between two categories of cancer in the clinical manifestations; the stage of cancer and survival status (P < 0.05). Conclusion Based on our results risk factors for Covid-19 disease progression, severe pulmonary involvement, and fatal complications in patients with malignancy require further evaluation based on tumor type, stage, age, sex, and treatment options.

scholarly journals РFАРА–syndrome: a literature review and own clinical observation

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
D.S. Khapchenkova ◽  
◽  
S.О. Dubyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Periodic Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aphthous Stomatitis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Pfapa Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Changes

Аutoinflammatory diseases or syndromes (HAIDS) have attracted practical and scientific interest. This group of pathologies is united by similar clinical symptoms in the form of periodic fever, systemic inflammation and other clinical syndromes. PFAPA — syndrome or Marshall's syndrome is one of the most common representatives of this group of diseases. РFАРА syndrome (Marshall's syndrome) is considered an autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology and not fully studied pathogenesis. Gene mutations, family inheritance and the modifying role of persistent intracellular infections are considered as the causes of development. Genetically determined immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation, the presence of immune dysregulation play a role in the pathogenesis of Marshall's syndrome. The incidence and prevalence of this condition in the pediatric population are unknown. The pathology is characteristic of early childhood, the syndrome is characterized periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or tonsillitis and cervical adenitis. Patients do not have disturbances in well-being between episodes, pathognomonic laboratory changes, have normal growth and development indicators. The syndrome occurs in children under 5 years, disappears in adolescence, has good+quality current, the treatment of which is the administration of corticosteroids. The pathology has no specific biological markers, so the diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations, a thorough analysis of the history and the exclusion of other possible causes of recurrence fever. Purpose: to highlight the complexity of the diagnosis of PFAPA–syndrome. Clinical case. The article describes own clinical case of a child with Marshall's syndrome. Recurrent attacks of fever with a specific frequency in combination with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis, the absence of specific laboratory changes and the positive effect of the corticosteroids treatment it possible to diagnose the above diagnosis. Conclusion. Literature data and the above clinical case indicate the difficulty of diagnosing this syndrome, long-term irrational drug treatment without clinical effect. So physicians in many specialties need to remember the need for a detailed survey of patients and parents, pay attention to the time and frequency of symptoms described above, and their combinations, if Marshall's syndrome is suspected do not be afraid to prescribe glucocorticosteroids for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Keywords: Marshall's syndrome, children, periodic fever, corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Acute tonsillitis and pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders: the first result of a possible association analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
E. R. Meskina ◽  
L. A. Galkina ◽  
T. V. Stashko
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Acute tonsillitis (AT) and functional disorders of the digestive system (FDDS) are widespread among children. There is insufficient information about whether FDDS affects the incidence and course of АT, or whether АT may predispose to the development of АT. The aim is to discover a possible relationship between acute exudative tonsillitis and FDDS in children in the context of clinical and medico-social assessment. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed using the continuous sampling method. There were 137 patients under observation, aged from one to 18 years, hospitalized in a hospital with АT, proceeding with overlaps on the tonsils, including 44 children younger and 93 older than 4 years. Bacterial АT was diagnosed on the MacIsack scale (≥ 4 points) in combination with the determination of inflammatory markers (leukocytosis, CRP). Epstein-Barr viral etiology of АT was diagnosed based on the detection of anti-EBV-VCA IgM and/or anti-EBV-EA IgG in the absence of anti-EBV-NA IgG. The legal representatives of the children agreed to participate in the study and completed a developed questionnaire containing 41 questions to assess medical and social factors, health status and gastrointestinal symptoms. FDDS diagnosis was carried out according to Rome IV 2016 criteria. Stool character was assessed using the Bristol scale, and clinical symptoms of АT were also analyzed. Results: Bacterial АT was diagnosed in 51.1% (70) of patients and EBV tonsillitis — in 48.9% (67), namely with equal frequency. The incidence of FDDS was 41.6% (95% CI (confidence interval) (33.3, 50.3), including 38.7% in children from 1 to 4 years old (95% CI (24.4, 54.5) and over 4 years 43.0% (95% CI (32.8, 53.7). Functional constipation (25.0%) and functional diarrhea (13.6%) were found in young children, all children over the age of 4 years had abdominal pain (including irritable bowel syndrome with a predominance of constipation — 4.3%). In EBV-RT with FDDS, the incidence of hepatolienal syndrome was 33.3% higher (RR (relative risk) 2.40; 95% CI (1.02, 5.66) and OR (odds ratio) 5.46; 95% CI (1.39, 21.28). Children with FDDS are 22.4% more likely (RR 1.65; 95% CI (1.21, 2.24) and OR 4.1; 95% CI (1.39, 12.07) suffered from recurrent acute respiratory infections; their relatives were more likely to have gastroenterological diseases (RR 1.54; 95% CI (1.12, 2.13) and OR 2.99; 95% CI (1.22, 7.34). Perinatal hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system were more often recorded in patients with FDDS in the anamnesis (RR 1.99; 95% CI (1.25, 3.15) and OR 4.13; 95% CI (1.37, 12.42). Conclusion: The etiological role of EBV among children with exudative АT admitted to the hospital is high. FDDS is more common among children with exudative АT over 4 years of age than in the general pediatric population. The influence of FDDS on the clinical manifestations of EBV-RT is highly probable. It is advisable to continue the study to determine the significance of АT in the development of FDDS in children and adolescents; their results may be useful for clinical practice.

Lhermitte-Duclos Disease in Pediatric Population: Report of 2 Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ivethe Pregúntegui-Loayza ◽  
Alejandro Apaza-Tintaya ◽  
Alberto Ramírez-Espinoza ◽  
Nancy Mayo-Simón ◽  
Mauro Toledo-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cowden Syndrome ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nccn Guidelines ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Slow Growing

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), also known as dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, is an uncommon disorder in children, characterized by being a slow-growing lesion of the posterior fossa, which mainly affects the granular cell layer of the cerebellar parenchyma and may be associated with other multiple hereditary hamartomas and neoplasms. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We report 2 cases of LDD in pediatric patients and describe clinical symptoms and radiological and histopathological characteristics. In addition, we analyzed the relation to Cowden Syndrome based on the International Cowden Syndrome Consortium Operational Criteria and the most updated guidelines by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2020). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> LDD is a very rare disease in childhood but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of posterior fossa lesions. LDD can mimic low-grade glial tumors or infectious diseases. Patients develop late clinical manifestations due to the slow-growing pattern, and conservative treatment with outpatient follow-up may be an option in asymptomatic children.

scholarly journals 361. Aseptic Meningitis Associated to SARS Cov2 Infection and MIS-C: Pediatric Presentation of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S283-S284
Author(s):  
Mónica J Olguín Quintero ◽  
Sergio RenÉ Bonilla Pellegrini ◽  
Rodolfo N JimÉnez JuÁrez ◽  
María Citlalli Casillas Casillas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Oral Steroid ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Pediatric Presentation

Abstract Background Novel SARS CoV2 may target the central nervous system and several neurological symptoms have been reported in patients with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Mucocutaneous and inflammatory symptoms are important in pediatric population associated to immune dysregulation. There are few reports of clinical manifestations in children and less frequently the isolation and affection of Central Nervous System. Methods A previously healthy four months female infant with familiar contact to SARS-CoV2 four weeks ago. Start with fever of 104°F, vomiting, maculopapular rash on the anterior thorax and upper extremities involving the palms and soles associated with edema. On physical examination, irritable, bulging anterior fontanelle, non-purulent bilateral conjunctival injection, cheilitis and rash was confirmed. Results Laboratory findings: thrombocytopenia, elevated D-Dimer, fibrinogen, PCT, CRP, ferritin and ESR with hypoalbuminemia. MIS-C is integrated with cutaneous, gastrointestinal and neurological affections. Empirically ceftriaxone, vancomycin and acyclovir are started due to suspicion of meningoencephalitis. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 positive. CSF: transparent appearance, slightly xanthochromic color, coagulation and negative film. Proteins 105 mg / dl, glucose 45 mg / dl, leukocytes 121 mm3, erythrocytes 66 mm3, PMN 8% and MNN 92%. Negative culture,PCR Herpes Virus negative,Viral load for SARS CoV2 in CSF 3,400 cop / ml and plasma 118,900 cop / ml, Aseptic meningitis is confirmed by SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral and antibiotics are discontinued and Gamma globulin and methylprednisolone are administered. Evolving favorably and egress at 6th day to complete oral steroid treatment for 3 more day. Conclusion The mechanism by which SARS-CoV2 affects the CNS is still unknown.This findings suggests direct infection can be possible. Although it is also described vascular affection has been found that the Spike protein of the virus binds to ACE-2 receptor present in the cerebral vascular endothelium. Neurological manifestations have been described even without respiratory symptoms. A novel pediatric case with viral load for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF is demonstrated. Importance of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in children with encephalitis, which can progress satisfactorily. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GONARTHRITIS IN WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSION AND OVERWEIGHT

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Fushtey ◽  
A. M. Pidlubna
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
The City ◽  
Passive Movements

Abstract One of the diseases that is quite common in modern rheumatology and leads to dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system and creates a major medical and social problem, is gonarthrosis. The incidence of degenerative-dystrophic diseases in HA in women is two to four times higher than in men. In order to establish the patterns of clinical manifestations of GA in women with hypertension (GC) and overweight (HB) of the body, on the basis of the rheumatology department of the city KNP «City Hospital №10» ZMR (Zaporozhye), with informed consent, was prospectively examined 198 women for the period 2018–2020. According to the results of the study, a significant (p <0.05) deterioration of clinical symptoms in women with a combined course of HA with GC and HB, relative to the isolated course of HA, on the indicators: pain during active and passive movements and palpation, stiffness, crepitation and swelling of the joints. The correlations between clinical manifestations of HA, arthrosonographic data and BMI have been established. The characteristics of the pain syndrome associated with exercise, impaired mobility and functionality of the joints significantly increased with increasing stage of GA, joining comorbid pathology and increased BMI.  Keywords: gonarthrosціis, comorbidity, hypertension, overweight.

scholarly journals Knowledge of PEP and PrEP Among People Living with HIV/aids in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa ◽  
Henrique Ciabotti Elias ◽  
Nilo Martinez Fernandes ◽  
Elucir Gir ◽  
Renata Karina Reis
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:The objective was to analyze the factors associated with knowledge of PrEP and PEP among people living with HIV/aids in Brazil. Cross-sectional analytical study carried out among people living with HIV/aids treated at five specialized services in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.Methods:Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of independent variables on dependent variables: having knowledge about PrEP and PEP. Of the 397 participants, 140 (35.26%) were heterosexual women, aged 40 to 49 years (36.27%).Results: Participants with less than 11 years of study (adjusted odds: 0.2903; 95% CI: 0.1340-0.6007); who did not have a low viral load or did not know how to report viral load (adjusted odds: 0.2931; 95% CI: 0.0961-0.8398) and those with casual partners (adjusted odds: 0.2931; 95% CI: 0.0961- 0.8398) were less likely to have knowledge about the PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds: 2.8788; 95% CI: 1.5912-5.3092) and those who used alcohol during sexual intercourse (adjusted odds: 1.7305; 95% CI: 1.0656-2.8248) were more likely to have knowledge about the PEP.Conclusions: Awareness about PrEP and PEP should be widely disseminated by health promoting institutions in order to expand knowledge of these two methods.

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