scholarly journals 21. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pneumococcal Vaccine Effectiveness against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S134-S135
Author(s):  
Jennifer Loo Farrar ◽  
Miwako Kobayashi ◽  
Lana Childs ◽  
Tamara Pilishvili
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Abstract Background Two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), PCV15 and PCV20, are anticipated to be licensed for use in U.S. adults in 2021. To help inform the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ discussions on pneumococcal vaccine use among adults, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We specifically looked at efficacy or effectiveness of PCV13 and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults. Methods We conducted a search of English literature published from 1998 – February 2021 on PCV13 and PPSV23 efficacy or effectiveness studies using eight major databases. Studies targeting adults with immunocompromising conditions were excluded. Title and abstract screening of identified studies and data abstraction were performed by two reviewers. Results were stratified by vaccine product, outcome evaluated (vaccine type (VT) or all IPD), study design, and effect measure. Random effects models were used to pool estimates by stratum. Results Of 3,422 citations reviewed, we identified 26 IPD studies; 4 on PCV13, 22 on PPSV23, 18 with all IPD, and 17 with VT-IPD (Table) as an outcome. Only one randomized-controlled trial (RCT) was identified for PCV13 with an efficacy of 52% (95% CI: 22%, 77%) against all IPD and 75% (95% CI: 41%, 91%) against VT-IPD. A pooled vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimate from three observational studies evaluating PCV13 was 56% (95% CI: 32%, 71%; I2 =12.8) against VT-IPD. Two RCTs evaluating PPSV23 reported efficacies against all IPD ranging between 79-86%; an additional RCT reported no IPD cases during RCT. Vaccine effectiveness estimates from 14 observational studies evaluating PPSV23 ranged between 29-76% against all IPD. Pooled VE estimates from 12 observational studies showed PPSV23 effectiveness against VT-IPD was 38% (95% CI: 28% to 46%; I2 =40.8). Table. Efficacy and effectiveness studies against vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease Conclusion Evidence suggests both pneumococcal vaccines are effective against VT-IPD in adults. Given that PCV15 and PCV20 are expected to be licensed based on immunogenicity data and no clinical efficacy data are available for these new vaccines, the findings from this review will help inform policy discussions on use of the new PCVs among adults. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Gidding ◽  
Hannah Moore ◽  
Lisa McCallum ◽  
Parveen Fathima ◽  
Thomas Snelling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Universal Program ◽  
National Immunisation

ABSTRACTObjectivesAustralia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, we aimed to assess the population-based effectiveness of the 3-dose infant pneumococcal vaccination program (due at 2, 4, and 6 months) against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available since 2001 and a funded universal program started in 2005 (with a switch to 13-valent PCV in 2011). ApproachVaccination records from ACIR, death records, and invasive pneumococcal disease notifications for 2001-2013 were individually linked for 1.37 million children born in 2001-2012 in two Australian states (Western Australia and New South Wales). A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusting for sex, Indigenous status and year of birth) was used to estimate the hazard ratio for invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children less than 2 years old. The per cent of disease prevented by vaccination, or vaccine effectiveness, was calculated as (1-adjusted hazard ratio) x 100%. ResultsFrom 2005, vaccination coverage with dose 3 of the pneumococcal vaccine was steady at ~91% in eligible cohorts. Between 2001 and 2013, there were 468 notifications of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes during 2.66 million person years of observation; only 39 (8.3%) of these cases occurred after the universal program was implemented. Vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes for 1, 2 and 3 doses of the pneumococcal vaccine was 68% (95%CI: 44-89%), 93% (81-97%), and 92% (95%CI: 86-93%), respectively. ConclusionThis is the first study to link Australia’s national immunisation register and measure population-based vaccine effectiveness. The study provides robust evidence of the effectiveness of at least 2 doses of pneumococcal vaccine against vaccine serotype specific infection using a 3 dose infant schedule.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Studies Published between 2016 and 2019 on the Effectiveness and Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in an Elderly Population

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Dag Berild ◽  
Brita Askeland Winje ◽  
Didrik Frimann Vestrheim ◽  
Hans-Christian Slotved ◽  
Palle Valentiner-Branth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Vaccine Type

Adult vaccination is high on the agenda in many countries. Two different vaccines are available for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in adults: a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and a 13-valent conjugated vaccine (PCV13). The objective of this review is to update the evidence base for vaccine efficacy and effectiveness of PPV23 and PCV13 against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia among an unselected elderly population. We systematically searched for clinical trials and observational studies published between January 1 2016 and April 17 2019 in Pubmed, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Epistemonikos and Cochrane databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results were stratified by vaccine type and outcome. We identified nine studies on PCV13 and six on PPV23. No new randomized clinical trials were identified. Due to different outcomes, it was not possible to do a meta-analysis. New high-quality observational studies indicate protective vaccine effectiveness for both vaccines against vaccine type pneumonia. Our estimates for the protective vaccine efficacy and effectiveness (VE) of PPV23 on pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia overlap with results from previously published reviews. Some of the results indicate that the effectiveness of the PPV23 is best in younger age groups, and that it decreases over time.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation due to influenza in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicki L Boddington ◽  
Isabelle Pearson ◽  
Heather Whitaker ◽  
Punam Mangtani ◽  
Richard G Pebody
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Abstract This systematic review assesses the literature for estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisation in children. Studies of any design to 08 June 2020 were included if the outcome was hospitalisation, participants were 17 years old or less and influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed. A random-effects meta-analysis of 37 studies that used a test-negative design gave a pooled seasonal IVE against hospitalisation of 53.3% (47.2-58.8) for any influenza. IVE was higher against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (68.7%, 56.9-77.2) and lowest against influenza A/H3N2 (35.8%, 23.4-46.3). Estimates by vaccine type ranged from 44.3% (30.1-55.7) for LAIV to 68.9% (53.6-79.2) for inactivated vaccines. IVE estimates were higher in seasons when the circulating influenza strains were antigenically matched to vaccine strains (59.3%, 48.3-68.0). Influenza vaccination gives moderate overall protection against influenza-associated hospitalisation in children supporting annual vaccination. IVE varies by influenza subtype and vaccine type.

scholarly journals Indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e51-e59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinevimbo Shiri ◽  
Samik Datta ◽  
Jason Madan ◽  
Alexander Tsertsvadze ◽  
Pamela Royle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination

scholarly journals Pneumococcal vaccine uptake and vaccine effectiveness in older adults with invasive pneumococcal disease in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie R Perniciaro ◽  
Mark van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past

Background - Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in people ≥60 years old is on the rise in Germany. There has been a recommendation for pneumococcal vaccination in this age group since 1998. Methods - We determined the vaccination status of people ≥60 years old with IPD in Germany. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the recommended 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). Results - The rate of pneumococcal vaccination in older adults with IPD is low, 26%, with only 16% of people receiving a pneumococcal vaccine within the past 5 years. Age- and sex- adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) for PPV23 was 37% (95% confidence interval 12% - 55%). For people vaccinated with PPV23 less than 2 years prior to IPD, VE was -20% (-131% - 34%), between 2-4 years prior to IPD, VE was 56% (20% - 76%), and 47% (17% - 63%) for those vaccinated ≥5 years ago. Excluding serotype 3, overall VE for the remaining serotypes in PPV23 was 63% (49% - 74%). For people receiving PPV23 within the past 2 years, VE against all serotypes except 3 was 49% (12% - 71%); for people vaccinated between 2-4 years prior to IPD 66% (37% - 82%); for those vaccinated ≥5 years ago, 69% (50% - 81%). VE of PPV23 against serotype 3 IPD only was -110% (-198% - -47%). Conclusions - To reduce IPD in older adults in Germany, we must increase the rate of pneumococcal vaccine uptake. For 22/23 serotypes, PPV23 was effective. Serotype 3 remains a major problem.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among children with and those without HIV infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Molavi Vardanjani ◽  
Hodjat Borna ◽  
Ali Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination

Abstract Background: HIV-infected children are at a higher risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) and its mortality, even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, an effective vaccination strategy would be beneficial. To investigate the effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination (PCV) against IPD among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Observational studies and randomized trials on 7 years old or older children were searched in the Cochrane Library, Web of Science core collection, Embase, Medline/PubMed, and Google Scholar. Critical appraisal was done using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment form. Effectiveness and efficacy of at least one dose of PCV was investigated among children with and without HIV considering subgroups of pneumococcal serotypes. We meta-analyzed the effect sizes using random-effects modeling. Results: Efficacy of PCV was estimated as 45.0% (31.2, 56.1) and 52.6% (25.7, 69.8) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, respectively. Effectiveness of PCV among HIV-infected children as -6.2% (-67.6, 32.7) was significantly lower than HIV-uninfected children 65.1% (47.3, 76.9). Effectiveness of PCV among HIV-infected children for IPDs caused by vaccine serotypes was estimated as 7.7(-66.7, 48.9), and for IPDs caused by non-vaccine serotypes was estimated as -402.8(-1856, -29.2). Conclusion: Unlike the evidence on the efficacy of PCV against IPD among both of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, its effectiveness against IPD among HIV-infected children is much less limited. Review Registration The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42018108187).

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