scholarly journals The Global Burden of Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S365-S365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background Diarrhea is the seventh leading cause of death globally, responsible for more than 1,600,000 deaths in 2016 and nearly 90% of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is an annual effort to produce and refine estimates of diarrheal disease burden attributable to Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and other enteric pathogens. Methods We used a counter-factual approach to estimate deaths, incidence, years of life lost (YLLs), years living with disability (YLDs), and total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to diarrhea and its etiologies, including Shigella and ETEC. To estimate the burden of diarrhea etiologies, we conducted a systematic review of the proportion of diarrheal cases positive for each pathogen and modeled these data using a Bayesian meta-regression tool called DisMod-MR. This tool generates estimates of the pathogen distribution for national and some subnational geographies, all age groups, and for both sexes from 1990 to 2016. We used these estimates, in conjunction with odds ratios for diarrhea given pathogen detection from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, to calculate the population attributable fraction for each pathogen. Results In 2016, Shigella was responsible for 75,000 deaths among children under-5 and 270,000 deaths among all ages and ETEC was responsible for 22,000 deaths among children under-5 and 60,000 deaths among all ages. Shigella and ETEC ranked second and fourth with regard to pathogen contributions to global diarrheal deaths. Conclusion The global burden of disease attributable to Shigella and ETEC is substantial. GBD 2016 estimates on the age- and location-specific impact of Shigella and ETEC enable evidence-based decision making regarding interventions to reduce the burden of these pathogens. Our findings call for accelerated efforts for the development of vaccines against ETEC and Shigella. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Global, Regional, National, and Subnational Big Data to Inform Health Equity Research: Perspectives from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Mokdad ◽  
George A. Mensah ◽  
Varsha Krish ◽  
Scott D. Glenn ◽  
Molly K. Miller-Petrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

Objectives: Everyone deserves a long and healthy life, but in reality, health outcomes differ across populations. We use results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) to report patterns in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risks at the global, regional, national, and subnational level, and by sociodemographic index (SDI), from 1990 to 2017.Design: GBD 2017 undertook a systematic analysis of published studies and available data providing information on prevalence, incidence, remission, and excess mortal­ity. We computed prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, years of life lost due to prema­ture mortality, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years with 95% uncertainty intervals for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries from 1990 to 2017. We also computed SDI, a summary indicator combining measures of income, education, and fertility.Results: There were wide disparities in the burden of disease by SDI, with smaller burdens in affluent countries and in specific regions within countries. Select diseases and risks, such as drug use disorders, high blood pressure, high body mass index, diet, high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and alco­hol use disorders warrant increased global attention and indicate a need for greater investment in prevention and treatment across the life course.Conclusions: Policymakers need a com­prehensive picture of what risks and causes result in disability and death. The GBD provides the means to quantify health loss: these findings can be used to examine root causes of disparities and develop pro­grams to improve health and health equity.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1): 159-172; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.159.

The prevalence and burden of mental and substance use disorders in Australia: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana G Ciobanu ◽  
Alize J Ferrari ◽  
Holly E Erskine ◽  
Damian F Santomauro ◽  
Fiona J Charlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Objectives: Timely and accurate assessments of disease burden are essential for developing effective national health policies. We used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 to examine burden due to mental and substance use disorders in Australia. Methods: For each of the 20 mental and substance use disorders included in Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, systematic reviews of epidemiological data were conducted, and data modelled using a Bayesian meta-regression tool to produce prevalence estimates by age, sex, geography and year. Prevalence for each disorder was then combined with a disorder-specific disability weight to give years lived with disability, as a measure of non-fatal burden. Fatal burden was measured as years of life lost due to premature mortality which were calculated by combining the number of deaths due to a disorder with the life expectancy remaining at the time of death. Disability-adjusted life years were calculated by summing years lived with disability and years of life lost to give a measure of total burden. Uncertainty was calculated around all burden estimates. Results: Mental and substance use disorders were the leading cause of non-fatal burden in Australia in 2015, explaining 24.3% of total years lived with disability, and were the second leading cause of total burden, accounting for 14.6% of total disability-adjusted life years. There was no significant change in the age-standardised disability-adjusted life year rates for mental and substance use disorders from 1990 to 2015. Conclusion: Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 found that mental and substance use disorders were leading contributors to disease burden in Australia. Despite several decades of national reform, the burden of mental and substance use disorders remained largely unchanged between 1990 and 2015. To reduce this burden, effective population-level preventions strategies are required in addition to effective interventions of sufficient duration and coverage.

scholarly journals The disvalue of death in the global burden of disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Tollef Solberg ◽  
Ole Frithjof Norheim ◽  
Mathias Barra
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

In the Global Burden of Disease study, disease burden is measured as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The paramount assumption of the DALY is that it makes sense to aggregate years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs). However, this is not smooth sailing. Whereas morbidity (YLD) is something that happens to an individual, loss of life itself (YLL) occurs when that individual’s life has ended. YLLs quantify something that involves no experience and does not take place among living individuals. This casts doubt on whether the YLL is an individual burden at all. If not, then YLDs and YLLs are incommensurable. There are at least three responses to this problem, only one of which is tenable: a counterfactual account of harm. Taking this strategy necessitates a re-examination of how we count YLLs, particularly at the beginning of life.

scholarly journals Global burden of disease attributable to diabetes mellitus in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Joaquim Gonçalves Valente ◽  
Iuri da Costa Leite ◽  
Joyce Mendes de Andrade Schramm ◽  
Anne S. Renteria de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Disease Study

Type II diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes, and its inclusion in health evaluation has shown that its complications have a considerable impact on the population's quality of life. The current article presents the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study in Brazil for the year 1998, with an emphasis on diabetes mellitus and its complications. The indicator used was disability-adjusted life years (DALY), using a discount rate of 3%. In Brazil, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes accounted for 14.7% of total lost DALYs. Brazil showed a higher proportion of years lived with disability (YLDs) among total DALYs for diabetes as compared to other countries. Retinopathy and neuropathy were the complications that contributed most to YLDs. According to forecasts, diabetes mellitus will have an increasing impact on years of life lost due to premature death and disability in the world, shifting from the 11th to 7th cause of death by 2030. It is thus urgent to implement effective measures for prevention, early diagnosis, counseling, and adequate follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Global, Regional, and National Burden of Accidental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Xiangjie Lin ◽  
Mao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract IntroductionHealth system planning requires careful assessment of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) epidemiology, but data of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. This article investigates the global burden of ACOP based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) and the World Bank database.Materials and MethodsNumbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of ACOP incidence, prevalence, deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) were analysed at global, regional, and national level. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized rates (ASR) was calculated by generalizing the linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Age, sex, and economics parameters are included to access their internal relevance.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were approximately 0.97 million ACOP incidence cases (95% CI 0.66 million to 1.4 million), and 41,142 (95%UI 32957 to 45934) people died from it. Compared with 1990, the morbidity and mortality of ACOP in 2019 are on a downward trend. By sexes, from 1990 to 2019, females have a higher morbidity and lower mortality. This article also finds that the relevant parameters of ACOP are closely related to the economic parameters. This correlation enables us to evaluate the level and status of public health services in various countries.DiscussionACOP is the most common toxic disease in the world. In 2019, the number of patients who die from ACOP exceeded that of patients poisoned by all other means. In global health decision-making, especially in regions with high-middle and high SDI, more attention should be paid.ConclusionAs the population ageing in areas with High-middle SDI and High SDI increases, the potential burden of ACOP is increasing, presenting the governments with an increasing demand for acute care, rehabilitation, and support services. The results of this study can be used by the health authorities to consider the burden of ACOP that could be addressed with preventive and therapeutic measures.

scholarly journals Global, regional and national burden of emergency medical diseases using specific emergency disease indicators: analysis of the 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e000733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Razzak ◽  
Mohammad Farooq Usmani ◽  
Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

ObjectiveThere are currently no metrics for measuring population-level burden of emergency medical diseases (EMDs). This study presents an analysis of the burden of EMDs using two metrics: the emergency disease mortality rate (EDMR) and the emergency disease burden (EDB) per 1000 population at the national, regional and global levels.MethodsWe used the 1990 and 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study for morbidity and mortality data on 249 medical conditions in 195 countries. Thirty-one diseases were classified as ‘emergency medical diseases’ based on earlier published work. We developed two indicators, one focused on mortality (EDMR) and the other on burden (EDB). We compared the EDMR and EDB across countries, regions and income groups and compared these metrics from 1990 to 2015.ResultsIn 2015, globally, there were 28.3 million deaths due to EMDs. EMDs contributed to 50.7% of mortality and 41.5% of all burden of diseases. The EDB in low-income countries is 4.4 times that of high-income countries. The EDB in the African region is 273 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1000 compared with 100 DALYs per 1000 in the European region. There has been a 6% increase in overall mortality due to EMDs from 1990 to 2015. Globally, injuries (22%), ischaemic heart disease (17%), lower respiratory infections (11%) and haemorrhagic strokes (7%) made up about 60% of EMDs in 2015.ConclusionGlobally, EMDs contributed to more than half of all years of life lost. There is a significant disparity between the EDMR and EDB between regions and socioeconomic groups at the global level.

scholarly journals The global burden of falls: global, regional and national estimates of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. i3-i11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer L James ◽  
Lydia R Lucchesi ◽  
Catherine Bisignano ◽  
Chris D Castle ◽  
Zachary V Dingels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

BackgroundFalls can lead to severe health loss including death. Past research has shown that falls are an important cause of death and disability worldwide. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) provides a comprehensive assessment of morbidity and mortality from falls.MethodsEstimates for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were produced for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017 for all ages using the GBD 2017 framework. Distributions of the bodily injury (eg, hip fracture) were estimated using hospital records.ResultsGlobally, the age-standardised incidence of falls was 2238 (1990–2532) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 3.7% (7.4 to 0.3) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised prevalence was 5186 (4622–5849) per 100 000 in 2017, representing a decline of 6.5% (7.6 to 5.4) from 1990 to 2017. Age-standardised mortality rate was 9.2 (8.5–9.8) per 100 000 which equated to 695 771 (644 927–741 720) deaths in 2017. Globally, falls resulted in 16 688 088 (15 101 897–17 636 830) YLLs, 19 252 699 (13 725 429–26 140 433) YLDs and 35 940 787 (30 185 695–42 903 289) DALYs across all ages. The most common injury sustained by fall victims is fracture of patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle. Globally, age-specific YLD rates increased with age.ConclusionsThis study shows that the burden of falls is substantial. Investing in further research, fall prevention strategies and access to care is critical.

scholarly journals Morbidity and mortality associated with injuries: results of the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil, 2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Vanessa dos Reis von Doellinger ◽  
Luiz Villarinho Pereira Mendes ◽  
Maria de Fatima dos Santos Costa ◽  
Thiago Góes Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Disease Study

The aim of this study was to estimate the global burden of disease from external causes in 2008 in Brazil, based on DALYs (disability-adjusted life years). YLLs (years of life lost) were estimated according to the method proposed by Murray & Lopez (1996). Meanwhile, the method for estimating YLDs (years lived with disability) included methodological adjustments taking the Brazilian reality into account. The study showed a total of 195 DALYs per 100 thousand inhabitants, of which 19 DALYs were related to external causes. Among YLLs, 48% were from unintentional causes and 52% from intentional causes. Among YLDs, unintentional causes predominated, with 95%. The share of YLLs in DALYs was 90%. The cause with the highest proportion of YLLs was "homicide and violence" (43%), followed by "road traffic accidents" (31%). Falls accounted for the highest share of YLDs (36%). The sex ratio (male-to-female) was 4.8 for DALYs, and the predominant age bracket was 15-29 years. Since external causes are avoidable, the study provides potentially useful information for policymakers in public security and health.

scholarly journals Dementias in Brazil: increasing burden in the 2000–2016 period. Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 762-771
Author(s):  
Simone Cecília de Melo ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Champs ◽  
Rúbia Ferreira Goulart ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Valéria Maria de Azeredo Passos
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Growth And Aging ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dementia is a globally relevant health problem, which places a great burden on patients and their families. This study aimed to estimate the burden associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias in Brazil. Methods: In this descriptive study, we investigated the estimates obtained by the Global Burden of Disease study. We described the prevalence of AD and other dementias, years lived with disability (YLDs), age-standardized mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among individuals aged 60 years or older between 2000 and 2016, with their respective 95% uncertainty intervals (95%UI). Results: During this period, the age-standardized prevalence of AD and other dementias per 100,000 people increased by 7.8%, from 961.7 (95%UI 828.3–1,117.5) to 1,036.9 (95%UI 882.0–1,219.5), with approximately 1.5 million people living with dementia in Brazil. The incidence increased by 4.5%. Similarly, all age-standardized rates had an upward trend (mortality: 3.1%; YLLs: 5.8%; YLDs: 7.9%; and DALYs: 6.3%). Mortality profiles increased with age in both years. Dementias were ranked fourth among the leading causes of death in people aged ≥70 years in 2000, rising to second place in 2016. In 2016, it also represented the second and third leading causes of disability among older women and men, respectively. Conclusion: Population growth and aging have resulted in an increased burden of AD and other dementias in Brazil. Preventive and early diagnostic measures are essential to mitigate the burden associated with these diseases.

scholarly journals National burden of cancer in Italy, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bosetti ◽  
Eugenio Traini ◽  
Tahiya Alam ◽  
Christine A. Allen ◽  
Giulia Carreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Disease Study

AbstractWe monitored the burden of cancer in Italy and its trends over the last three decades, providing estimates of cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), for cancer overall and 30 cancer sites using data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. An overview of mortality trends between 1990 and 2017 was also provided. In 2017, there were 254,336 new cancer cases in men and 214,994 in women, corresponding to an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 438 and 330/100,000, respectively. Between 1990 and 2017, incident cancer cases, and, to a lesser extent, ASIRs significantly increased overall and for almost all cancer sites, but ASIRs significantly declined for lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms. In 2017, there were 101,659 cancer deaths in men (age-standardized death rate, ASDR, 158.5/100,000) and 78,918 in women (ASDR 93.9/100,000). Cancer deaths significantly increased between 1990 and 2017 (+ 18%), but ASDR significantly decreased (− 28%). Deaths significantly increased for many cancer sites, but decreased for stomach, esophageal, laryngeal, Hodgkin lymphoma, and testicular cancer. ASDRs significantly decreased for most neoplasms, with the main exceptions of cancer of the pancreas and uterus, and multiple myeloma. In 2017, cancer caused 3,204,000 DALYs. Between 1990 and 2017, DALYs and age-standardized DALY rates significantly declined (-3.4% and -33%, respectively). Age-standardized mortality rates in Italy showed favorable patterns over the last few decades. However, the absolute number of cancer cases and, to a lower extent, of cancer deaths increased likely due to the progressive ageing of the population, this calling for a continuous effort in cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document