Dhammaloka’s Last Years and a Mysterious Death

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Alicia Turner
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Buddhist Monk ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Imperial Politics

This chapter discusses the radical Irish Buddhist monk U Dhammaloka’s trial for sedition in Moulmein and subsequent court appeal in Rangoon, setting these in the wider context of Burmese, Indian, and imperial politics. It explores the reasons for his apparent flight to Australia after his binding-over was completed, attempts by the Burmese police to pursue him there, and the report of his death in Melbourne. It also explores his connections with Australian Theosophy and temperance and a possible link to Thursday Island. The chapter reflects on Dhammaloka’s significance in terms of his personal consistency as a Buddhist, the challenge social movements in his time faced in trying to see beyond the horizon of colonialism, and the plebeian cosmopolitanism exemplified by Dhammaloka himself, which would soon become forgotten with the rise of ethnically based nation-states.

scholarly journals Review of What is Political Sociology? by Nga Than

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nga Than
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Nation States

In What is Political Sociology?, Elisabeth S. Clemens offers a smart primer on political sociology that asks what is distinct about this sub-field. By surveying its main concepts and research agendas—power and politics, states, nation-states, social movements, social change, and transnationalism—she shows how political sociology examines social processes that influence both formal politics and the politics that take place in everyday settings. Clemens notes that that political sociology differs from political science in that the former studies politics in various settings and that patterns of political participation and the distribution of political power are shaped by social relations, while the latter studies “the formal institutions and acts of governing” (p.1).

scholarly journals Broadening and Deepening: Soy Expansions in a World-Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-277
Author(s):  
Ernst Langthaler
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
South American ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

This article assesses the ongoing South American soy expansion from a world-historical perspective, comparing the case of Brazil with the cases of China and the USA. For this purpose, it applies the concept of commodity frontier, involving both external and internal modes of capitalist incorporation. The Chinese soy expansion (1900s–1930s) shows a predominant shift of the external frontier, associated with the peasant mode of farming. The US soy expansion (1930s–1970s) represents a predominant shift of the internal frontier, connected to the entrepreneurial mode of farming. The Brazilian soy expansion (1970s–2010s) reveals a flexible combination of extensive and intensive frontier shifts, corresponding with the capitalist mode of farming. These commodity booms were driven not only by nation states, capitalist enterprises and social movements, but also by the potentials and limitations of the soybean plant itself. Shifts of commodity frontiers often disrupted society and nature and, hence, were contested among diverse actors, both human and non-human.

scholarly journals Broadening and Deepening: Soy Expansions in a World-Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-277
Author(s):  
Ernst Langthaler
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
South American ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

This article assesses the ongoing South American soy expansion from a world-historical perspective, comparing the case of Brazil with the cases of China and the USA. For this purpose, it applies the concept of commodity frontier, involving both external and internal modes of capitalist incorporation. The Chinese soy expansion (1900s–1930s) shows a predominant shift of the external frontier, associated with the peasant mode of farming. The US soy expansion (1930s–1970s) represents a predominant shift of the internal frontier, connected to the entrepreneurial mode of farming. The Brazilian soy expansion (1970s–2010s) reveals a flexible combination of extensive and intensive frontier shifts, corresponding with the capitalist mode of farming. These commodity booms were driven not only by nation states, capitalist enterprises and social movements, but also by the potentials and limitations of the soybean plant itself. Shifts of commodity frontiers often disrupted society and nature and, hence, were contested among diverse actors, both human and non-human.

Processes of Destitution in Spain: Unavowable Communities between the Regime of ’78 and the Total State

boundary 2 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-213
Author(s):  
Ignasi Gozalo-Salellas
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Theology ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
The Political ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Total State ◽  
The Creation

This essay analyzes what I call processes of destitution as a result of the various social movements that took place in Spain throughout the 2010s. I argue that the exhaustion of the Regime of ’78 meant an epistemological turn away from hegemonic concepts such as consensus, truth, and historical agreement toward those central to a new destituent process: dissent, divergence, and plurality, among others. Over the course of this essay, I carry out a genealogical review of the two intersecting social movements of the period which drove that change: first, the anti-austerity movement—better known as the indignados, or 15M, movement and its political derivatives, such as municipal platforms, the “mareas,” and Podemos—and second, the Catalan pro-independence movement. Finally, based on Carl Schmitt's political theology, I study the Spanish State's reaction beginning in 2017 as the creation of a state of exception based on the intensification of “the political” and on a shift in the “friend/enemy” paradigm, from a relationship between nation-states to an intranational relationship between the Spanish State and the Catalan pro-independence movement.

This is What Democracy Looks Like: Globalization, New Information Technology and the Trade Policy Process: Some Comparative Observations

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-214
Author(s):  
Peter Smith ◽  
Elizabeth Smythe
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Nation States ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Trade

AbstractThis article examines the process by which economic globalization and the Internet have facilitated the proliferation and mobilization of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and social movements that are challenging the negotiation of trade rules through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Our focus, however, is not on the WTO per se but on the impact that globally-articulated local networks are having on the national trade policy processes of Canada, Australia, and the European Union (EU), all members of the WTO. We discuss how local networks of NGOs and social movements are inserted into, and relate to, larger global coalitions and global information networks from which they draw support and sustenance. Finally, we compare how local institutions, processes, and histories have shaped the dialogue and interaction of NGOs with trade departments that are occurring at the level of these nation-states and the European Union.

HIV/AIDS Politics and Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine van de Ruit
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Policy ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Biomedical Intervention ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan Africa has the world largest proportion of adults and children living with AIDS. To mitigate the multiple consequences of the epidemic, novel forms of governance arose as international organizations usurped the roles traditionally played by states; new funding streams emerged that led to asymmetries in biomedical resource allocation; and diverse partnerships among international agencies, nation-states, and local and international nongovernmental organizations emerged. Global health actors attempted to define AIDS policy and programming as an apolitical biomedical intervention. However, political dynamics were evident in the negotiations between international donors and African state bureaucracies in setting AIDS policy agendas and the contestations between African and international social movements and global health agencies over AIDS treatment drug prices and access to treatment interventions across the continent. During the first two decades of the African AIDS epidemic (1980–2005) the dominant approach to AIDS disease mitigation was the focus on AIDS prevention, and across sub-Saharan Africa standardized prevention interventions were introduced. These interventions were founded upon limited evidence and ultimately these programs failed to stem rates of new HIV infections. Social movements comprising coalitions of local and international activists and scientists brought extensive pressure on global health institutions and nation-states to reform their approach to AIDS and introduce antiretroviral therapy. Yet the path toward universal provision of antiretroviral treatment has been slow and politically contentious. By the second decade of the 21st century, antiretroviral therapy interventions together with AIDS prevention became the dominant policy approach. The introduction of these initiatives led to a significant decline in AIDS-related mortality and slowed rates of transmission. However, health disparities in treatment access remain, highlighting ongoing shortcomings in the political strategies of global health agencies and the public health bureaucracies of African states.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Madison Powers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Intended Application ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Fairness Norms ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Human Rights Norms

This chapter provides an overview of some of the distinctive features of the theory of structural injustice developed in this book, and it concludes with a brief outline of the key topics and arguments presented in subsequent chapters. Among the distinctive features are the important links the theory forges between human rights norms and fairness norms and its intended application to circumstances in which structurally unfair patterns of power and advantage and human rights violations are routinely intertwined. These circumstances are found within different kinds of nation-states and in interactions across national boundaries. In addition, the theory is distinctive in its reliance on examples that illustrate the insights and perspectives of participants in social movements around the world, as well as its emphasis on justifiable forms of resistance in circumstances in which institutions are unwilling or unable to address pressing issues of injustice.

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