British Reception of Periodicity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Woods
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
English Language ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Periodic Law ◽  
Google Books ◽  
The Uk

The discovery of periodicity in the properties of the elements and its connection to their atomic weights is one of the most important advances in nineteenth-century chemistry. This chapter will consider the tables of John Newlands (1837–1898) and William Odling (1829–1921), which preceded that of Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834–1907). Mendeleev’s table was published in 1869, prior to his being aware of the UK precedents of his tabulation. The major portion of this chapter will extend the ideas advanced by Stephen Brush in The Reception of Mendeleev’s Periodic Law in America and Britain but will restrict itself to the dissemination of the periodicity concept within the United Kingdom. This will be monitored by recording its appearances in textbooks and examination papers, and in a wider context, by extracting data from Google Books. The periodic table has a rich history since its inception. It has evolved into many shapes, and indeed dimensions, yet retaining its essential periodic underpinning. In the United Kingdom it is seen as a “table,” whereas the French prefer “classification” and the Germans and Russians “system.” Mendeleev himself referred to his periodic law in his Faraday Lecture and never used the term “table,” thus it is ironic that his fame is linked to words that he appears never to have uttered. The arrangement of the elements in rows and columns is seen as a table, but why label it periodic? A related, more familiar word to non-chemists is periodical, normally referring to a magazine that appears at regular time intervals. Google Books is a powerful modern tool for investigating the usage of selected words or phrases over selected time intervals. The writer chose to use its advanced search for books in the English language. This meant that sources other than British, notably North American, are also included but the observed patterns are probably true for British books. The data compare the number of times the terms periodic table, periodic law, periodic classification, and periodic acid occurred in five-year intervals between 1870 and 1919.

Evaluation of Nationwide Referral Pathways, Investigation and Treatment of Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome in the United Kingdom (ENTICE)

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. E271-E271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillon Vyas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cauda Equina Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Abstract INTRODUCTION Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a spinal emergency with clinical symptoms and signs that have low diagnostic accuracy. National guidelines in the United Kingdom (UK) state that all patients should undergo an MRI prior to referral to specialist spinal units and surgery, if required, should be performed at the earliest opportunity. We aimed to evaluate the current practice of investigating and treating suspected CES in the UK. METHODS A retrospective, multicentre observational study of the investigation and management of patients with suspected CES was conducted across the UK, including all patients referred to a spinal unit over 6 mo between 1st October 2016 and 31st March 2017. RESULTS A total of 28 UK spinal units submitted data on 4441 referrals. Over half of the referrals were made without any previous imaging (n = 2572, 57.9%). The majority of referrals were made out-of-hours (n = 2229/3517, 63.4%), of which 2.9% (n = 45/1529) underwent surgical decompression. Patient location and prereferral imaging were not significantly associated with time intervals from symptom onset or presentation to decompression. Patients investigated outside of the spinal unit experienced significantly longer time intervals from presentation and from referral to undergoing the MRI scan. CONCLUSION This is the largest known study of the investigation and management of suspected CES. We found that the majority of referrals were made without adequate investigations. Most patients were referred out-of-hours and many were transferred for an MRI without subsequently requiring surgery. Cases not transferred experienced delays if undergoing an MRI scan outside of the spinal unit.

scholarly journals Non-medical prescribing in primary care in the United Kingdom: an overview of the current literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
Amanda Armstrong ◽  
Andrea Manfrin ◽  
Josephine Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
English Language ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Organisational Support ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Uk

Background: Non-medical prescribers (NMPs) are perceived as a complement to busy general practice in primary care. Aim: To conduct an overview of the literature available on the role and impact of non-medical prescribing (NMP) on primary care patients. Method: The search was conducted using multiple databases to find articles published between January 2015-January 2021. Inclusion criteria: NMPs in primary care in the United Kingdom, written in English language. Exclusion criteria: research conducted in secondary care or outside the UK. Findings: 285 studies were identified; 15 were eligible for critical appraisal. Key themes were: NMP's positive perceptions were autonomy, job satisfaction and colleague support; negative perceptions included risk, lack of continuous professional development (CPD), organisational support. Conclusion: By reviewing the perceptions of NMPs in primary care, organisations can ensure when employing new NMPs that the adequate CPD and support is in place. Thereby reducing NMPs concerns about the ligation risk of prescribing.

scholarly journals Linguistic situation in the UK as a reflection of national identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Identity ◽  
English Language ◽  
European Population ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the national identity problem in the United Kingdom. The problem is considered in terms of the linguistic situation in the country, in particular, by analyzing the relations between the English language and the languages of national minorities in different historical periods. The author compares the Great Britain’s language politics of the 19th century with that of the 20th - 21st centuries. Their goals were found to be completely opposite to each other. That’s why the author puts forward and attempts to justify the assumption that the reason for the linguistic situation changes in the country is the change of the national identity idea. The author argues that the growing role of supra-state structures is pushing European states toward globalization. It leads to a blurring of the national identity boundaries and to the unification of the entire European population. It is said in detail that, being unwilling to lose their national uniqueness and to intermingle with other European nations, the British turn to the culture and languages of regional people in order to broaden the concept of national identity. As a result, the English formula is replaced by the British one, in other words, by a conjunction of all national values, whose carriers reside in the United Kingdom.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

Risk Transferin Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative Procurement Documents:The Differencebetween The United Kingdom and Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nooriha Abdullah ◽  
Darinka Asenova ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Finance Initiative ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and makeexplicittheappropriateallocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis ofdocumentsand practicesrelatingtorisk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications forachievement ofvalue for moneyor other such objectivesinPPP/PFI.

HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: further increases

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre for England and Wales and others have reported that the number of people living with HIV in the UK has increased

Research Applications

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
M. J. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Contract Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Uk

This paper covers the approach taken by WRc to the practical application of research results. WRc works on an annual programme of research paid for collectively by the UK water utilities totalling ₤15m. In addition contract research is carried out for government largely on environmental matters and for utilities and others on a confidential basis. The approach to the implementation described here deals with the application of results across the whole of the United Kingdom where there are a large number of users of the results but with varying degrees of interest in any particular topic. The requirement is to inform all of the outcome of the work and then to provide the facility of rapid implementation for those who have an immediate requirement to apply the new knowledge and technology.

Volunteering in hospice and palliative care in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ros Scott
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
Changing Role

This chapter explores the history of volunteers in the founding and development of United Kingdom (UK) hospice services. It considers the changing role and influences of volunteering on services at different stages of development. Evidence suggests that voluntary sector hospice and palliative care services are dependent on volunteers for the range and quality of services delivered. Within such services, volunteer trustees carry significant responsibility for the strategic direction of the organiszation. Others are engaged in diverse roles ranging from the direct support of patient and families to public education and fundraising. The scope of these different roles is explored before considering the range of management models and approaches to training. This chapter also considers the direct and indirect impact on volunteering of changing palliative care, societal, political, and legislative contexts. It concludes by exploring how and why the sector is changing in the UK and considering the growing autonomy of volunteers within the sector.

scholarly journals A Free-Market Environmentalist Transition toward Renewable Energy: The Cases of Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4659
Author(s):  
William Hongsong Wang ◽  
Vicente Moreno-Casas ◽  
Jesús Huerta de Soto
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Market Environmentalism ◽  
The Uk

Renewable energy (RE) is one of the most popular public policy orientations worldwide. Compared to some other countries and continents, Europe has gained an early awareness of energy and environmental problems in general. At the theoretical level, free-market environmentalism indicates that based on the principle of private property rights, with fewer state interventionist and regulation policies, entrepreneurs, as the driving force of the market economy, can provide better services to meet the necessity of offering RE to protect the environment more effectively. Previous studies have revealed that Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have made some progress in using the market to develop RE. However, this research did not analyze the three countries’ RE conditions from the perspective of free-market environmentalism. Based on our review of the principles of free-market environmentalism, this paper originally provides an empirical study of how Germany, Denmark, and the United Kingdom have partly conducted free-market-oriented policies to successfully achieve their policy goal of RE since the 1990s on a practical level. In particular, compared with Germany and Denmark, the UK has maintained a relatively low energy tax rate and opted for more pro-market measures since the Hayekian-Thatcherism free-market reform of 1979. The paper also discovers that Fredrich A. Hayek’s theories have strongly impacted its energy liberalization reform agenda since then. Low taxes on the energy industry and electricity have alleviated the burden on the electricity enterprises and consumers in the UK. Moreover, the empirical results above show that the energy enterprises play essential roles in providing better and more affordable RE for household and industrial users in the three sampled countries. Based on the above results, the paper also warns that state intervention policies such as taxation, state subsidies, and industrial access restrictions can impede these three countries’ RE targets. Additionally, our research provides reform agendas and policy suggestions to policymakers on the importance of implementing free-market environmentalism to provide more efficient RE in the post-COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals Organizational Support Experiences of Care Home and Home Care Staff in Sweden, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Connie Lethin ◽  
Andrea Kenkmann ◽  
Carlos Chiatti ◽  
Jonas Christensen ◽  
Tamara Backhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Care Home ◽  
External Support ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Staff Experiences

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected care workers all over the globe, as older and more vulnerable people face a high risk of developing severe symptoms and dying from the virus infection. The aim of this study was to compare staff experiences of stress and anxiety as well as internal and external organizational support in Sweden, Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK) in order to determine how care staff were affected by the pandemic. A 29-item online questionnaire was used to collect data from care staff respondents: management (n = 136), nurses (n = 132), nursing assistants (n = 195), and other healthcare staff working in these organizations (n = 132). Stress and anxiety levels were highest in the UK and Germany, with Swedish staff showing the least stress. Internal and external support only partially explain the outcomes. Striking discrepancies between different staff groups’ assessment of organizational support as well as a lack of staff voice in the UK and Germany could be key factors in understanding staff’s stress levels during the pandemic. Structural, political, cultural, and economic factors play a significant role, not only factors within the care organization or in the immediate context.

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