Foundations

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-62
Author(s):  
Rogério Budasz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Dramatic Arts ◽  
Pedagogical Function ◽  
Written Sources

This chapter examines the conventions of Iberian theater with music from the mid-sixteenth to the early eighteenth century, as they surface in written sources and theatrical practices primarily related to Brazilian contexts. It presents an overview of the main theatrical genres, character types, and standard plots and the basic structure of theatrical functions, as well as the role of music in Jesuit autos and tragédias, religious oratorios, and secular comédias and entremezes. The chapter discusses the pedagogical function of musical theater in the early colonial period and the use of Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages in these plays. It also examines the work of Brazil-born aficionados and playwrights in Europe and their role in the development of music-dramatic arts in Brazil and abroad.

Conclusion

Fit for War ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Security ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Population Aggregation

This chapter examines the implications of the artifact patterns and historic accounts described in previous chapters, particularly with regard to the relationships among Catawba militarism, population aggregation, and food security. A potential link between Catawba dietary stress in the late 1750s and the severity of a small pox epidemic that ravaged the Nation Ford communities at the end of the decade is considered with reference to the concept of structural violence. The challenges faced by members of the Catawba Nation during the first half of the eighteenth century exemplify the double-edged nature of strategies available to American Indian groups seeking to maintain political autonomy in early colonial period contexts.

The Significance of Grain in the Development of the Tobacco Colonies

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Klingaman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
World Demand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Upper South

The economic development of the American colonies is one of the least explored areas in American economic history. Since the several regions in the colonies followed somewhat different paths of development, the colonial puzzle can be gradually pieced together through research which concentrates on particular regions. The subject of this study is an important aspect of the development of the tobacco colonies during approximately the thirty years preceding 1770. George Rogers Taylor and Jacob M. Price have suggested that the second and third quarters of the eighteenth century brought “rapid economic growth” to the tobacco colonies and a “marked resumption of growth” in tobacco exports. The findings of this study will suggest some reservations concerning the leading role of tobacco during this time. The series on American tobacco exports to Great Britain suggests that there was virtual stagnation in the first quarter of the eighteenth century followed by perhaps a doubling of exports in the second quarter and then near stagnation in the third quarter until the year 1771. The reason for the leap in tobacco exports in 1771 to a high plateau of approximately 100 million pounds annually during 1771–1775 is unknown. What is important for analysis of the growth and development of the tobacco colonies, however, is that the exceptionally high exports in the last five years of the colonial period tend to mask what was apparently a slow and erratic growth in world demand for American tobacco exports in the immediately preceding decades. The assumption that tobacco was a booming sector in the economy of the upper South at this time is open to question.

Opera in the Tropics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Budasz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Comic Opera ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Gender Profile ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Opera Houses

This book is an exploration of the musico-theatrical practices in Brazil from the Jesuit morality plays of the sixteenth century to the Italian operas celebrating the new independent nation in the 1820s, as expressed by the creative minds and bodies of actors, singers, poets, and composers. The book shows how the threefold goal of instructing, entertaining, and distracting the population—which a Brazilian producer spelled out in 1825—had been present in diverse combinations since the early colonial period, at the hands of missionaries, intellectuals, bureaucrats, political leaders, and cultural producers. The six chapters approach these issues from different perspectives, while offering a comprehensive view of the multiple aspects of musico-dramatic production in Portuguese America. Individual chapters discuss the foundations of Brazilian musical theater in the appropriation and adaptation of Iberian autos and comédias, the creation of a distinctive type of Portuguese comic opera by a Brazilian playwright during the early eighteenth century, the extant musical sources, and the sociopolitical context that determined the opening of dozens of opera houses during the second half of the eighteenth century. While showing a remarkable continuity between theatrical practices in Portugal and those in its largest colony, through the circulation of artists and repertory, this book also demonstrates notable differences in the ethnic and gender profile of theatrical workers; in the modifications determined by local tastes, priorities, and materials; and in the political use of theater as an ideological and civilizing tool.

Influences on the Distribution of Landholdings in Early Colonial North Carolina

1982 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Gallman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

The economy of North Carolina in the early colonial period was agrarian. Land was a central element in the wealth stock and it was distributed unevenly among households. This paper analyzes the distribution of land by means of multiple regression models employing measures of the principal life events of households. This paper analyzes the distribution of land by means of multiple regression models employing measures of the principal life events of households. The data are drawn from an eastern community, Perquimans County, and refer to the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Images and Landscape: The (Dis)ordering of Colonial Territory (Quito in the Eighteenth Century)

Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Carmen Fernández-Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Native Population ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Forced Relocation

This article explores the role played by images of the Virgin Mary in the ordering of space during the colonial period, as well as in the disruption of such order as a gesture of resistance by subordinate groups. In the Real Audiencia de Quito of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, civil and religious authorities used miraculous images of the Virgin Mary as aids in the founding of reducciones, which assured the imposition of Christian civility upon the Native population. Legal records suggest that in the second half of the eighteenth century Indigenous communities deployed similar strategies as a means of asserting their own concerns. Native actors physically manipulated Marian images in times of conflict, moving them around or apprehending them either to legitimize their desertion of colonial settlements or to resist forced relocation. In both the early colonial period and in the eighteenth century, the key strategy of shaping sacred landscapes was implemented in both Andean and Christian traditions.

Canavalia Beans in American Prehistory

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sauer ◽  
Lawrence Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Coastal Peru

AbstractThe naturally pantropical genus Canavalia is the source of four domesticated species, of which C. plagiosperma and C. ensiformis evidently evolved under aboriginal New World cultivation. Their exact origins are uncertain because the archaeological record is concentrated in dry regions where they arrived as irrigated crops. Prehistoric cultivation of C. plagiosperma is known only from coastal Peru where it has been grown continuously for at least 4,000 years. The earliest secure record of C. ensiformis is from about A.D. 900 in Oaxaca, but charred seeds from about 300 B.C. in Yucatan probably belong to this species. Later archaeological records of C. ensiformis are available from a few Arizona sites and from Peruvian sites occupied in the early Colonial period. Canavalia and Phaseolus beans are generally associated in prehistoric cultures. Since the latter are rated as superior food, the role of Canavalia is puzzling. Meager historical and ethnographic evidence offers few clues.

The Role of the Zakat System during the Colonial-period in Malaysia and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Avazbek Ganiyev Oybekovich ◽  
◽  
Hassan Shakeel Shah ◽  
Mohammad Ayaz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Colonial Period

Mapping Senegambia: Legacies of Ambition and the Failure of an Early Colonial Venture

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-231
Author(s):  
Sven Outram-Leman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Senegal River ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Secure Access ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
River Niger

Britain's short-lived Province of Senegambia (1765–1783) was part of an expansion effort in the region driven by a desire to secure access to the gum trade of the Senegal river. Drawing on Britain's knowledge of France's dealings with the Upper-Senegal region it was complemented by the adoption of French cartography, edited to illustrate a new colonial identity. It is argued here that there was an additional motive of developing closer contact with the African interior. This pre-dates the establishment of the African Association in 1788 and its subsequent and better-known expeditions to the River Niger. In contrast to the French, however, the British struggled to engage with the region. This paper approaches the topic from a perspective of cartographic history. It highlights Thomas Jeffery's map of ‘Senegambia Proper’ (1768), copied from Jean Baptiste Bourguingnon d'Anville's ’Carte Particuliére de la Côte Occidentale de l'Afrique' (1751) and illustrative of several obstacles facing both British map-making and colonial expansion in mid-eighteenth century Africa. It is argued that the later enquiries and map-making activities of the African Association, which were hoped to lead to the colonisation of West Africa, built upon these experiences of failure in Senegambia.

How Finance Colonised Aotearoa: A Concise Counter-History

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Catherine Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
History Of

This paper intervenes in orthodox under-standings of Aotearoa New Zealand’s colonial history to elucidate another history that is not widely recognised. This is a financial history of colonisation which, while implicit in existing accounts, is peripheral and often incidental to the central narrative. Undertaking to reread Aotearoa New Zealand’s early colonial history from 1839 to 1850, this paper seeks to render finance, financial instruments, and financial institutions explicit in their capacity as central agents of colonisation. In doing so, it offers a response to the relative inattention paid to finance as compared with the state in material practices of colonisation. The counter-history that this paper begins to elicit contains important lessons for counter-futures. For, beyond its implications for knowledge, the persistent and violent role of finance in the colonisation of Aotearoa has concrete implications for decolonial and anti-capitalist politics today.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document