Toward a Theoretical and Practical Model for Multiple-Offense Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vibla
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Criminal Conduct ◽  
Multiple Offenders ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the conflicting positions regarding the sentencing of multiple offenders and proposes a theoretical and practical model for multiple-offense sentencing within the framework of desert theory. It begins with a discussion of desert theory and its two major dimensions of offense seriousness: the harm caused and the culpability of the offender. It then describes several sentencing practices in an attempt to better understand the way that bulk discounts operate. It also explores a number of normative propositions that support the concept of a discount in multiple-offense sentencing, focusing on the absence of normative breaks and overall proportionality based on living standard analysis. Finally, it considers two empirically derived propositions: first, that there is a considerable degree of connectedness between the offenses comprising a multiple-offense case, and second, that there is a continuum in criminal conduct.

Communication: The Political Patronage of Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales

1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Politically Active ◽  
Concrete Reality ◽  
The Way

An association between the prince of Wales and various opposition leaders is a recurrent feature of eighteenth-century politics. A politically active prince found little difficulty in securing a following among the politicians of the day; the glittering prospects of the ‘reversionary’ interest1 were an obvious lure, and an obvious basis for such a connexion. But this is not a complete explanation. The prince had also a considerable degree of patronage at his disposal, and could add a more immediate and concrete reality to promises for the future. A study of this patronage, its extent and its disposal, and more particularly the way in which it was exercised by Frederick, ‘Poor Fred’, throws much light on the connexion between the prince and his political friends, and contributes to an understanding of the place of Leicester House in the politics of the early eighteenth century.

ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION IS THE WAY AWAY DUMMY TO REAL ECONOMY

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
REFAT SEYTMURATOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Resource Productivity ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
The Way

The paper is dedicated to analysis of economic modernization on the base of innovations to reach high living standard on the ground productivity increasing. Resource productivity is the most important indicator of economic effectiveness. Economic modernization is the most effective way to productivity increasing and overcome the global financial-economic crisis, because it provides to construct real economy, but no dummy one. Moreover, key reason of the world financial-economic crisis is over reflection, but not overproduction.  

scholarly journals Melacak perkembangan pemikiran keuangan publik Islam

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Nafis Irkhami
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Fiscal Analysis ◽  
The Way

A major source of revenue for an Islamic state since the days of Umar ibn Khatab and until the decay ofthe Islamic civilization was kharaj and ‘ushr. In this paper a fiscal analysis of this levy will be presentedhighlighting what kharaj and ‘ushr understood by Khalifah Umar and early fuqaha. An Islamic govern-ment is not free to handle public money the way it likes. Public money should be spent judiciously toachieve desired goals. It is a duty of the government in a Muslim state not to squander public moneybut to utilize it to improve living standard of people. Technically, this duty needs to be explaining indetail by fuqaha. Encountered of the Islamic public finance thinking as scattered in Islamic literatureindicate that there is no such “missing link” in the construction of economic science as proposed by thethesis of the great gap, especially in the thoughts of public financial.

The Nature of Bias Crime Injuries: A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Psychological Victimization Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (18) ◽  
pp. 3864-3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Fetzer ◽  
Frank S. Pezzella
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Bias Crime ◽  
Bias Crimes ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Psychological Injuries ◽  
Criminal Conduct ◽  
Multiple Offenders ◽  
Psychological Victimization

The core justification of bias crime statutes concerns whether bias-motivated crimes are qualitatively different from otherwise motivated crimes. We test the hypothesis that bias crimes are more detrimental than non-bias crimes by testing for multi-dimensional injuries to victims of bias and non-bias-motivated criminal conduct. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Extract 2013 Collection Year Incident-level Extract File, we analyzed physical injuries and psychological trauma to NCVS victims during 2013. We found a range of covariates consistent with the likelihood of physical injury and psychological trauma. These included whether the incident was bias motivated, whether weapons (firearms, knives, other or unknown type of weapons) were involved, whether the incident involved multiple offenders or strangers, or whether drugs or alcohol were involved. Our findings reinforce previous studies that detected empirical evidence of multi-dimensional physical and psychological injuries to bias crime victims.

Multiple-Offense Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas von Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Indeterminacy Thesis ◽  
Multiple Offenders ◽  
The Way

This chapter offers some additional thoughts on the subject of multiple-offense sentencing. It discusses John Taurek’s indeterminacy thesis and its plausibility with regards to multiple-count cases. It then considers two desert-based limiting principles applicable to multiple-offense situations: normative breaks and overall proportionality. It also examines the possibility of utilizing a heuristic model, an example of which is Martin Borgeke’s scheme for scaling multiple offenses. Finally, it highlights the limitations of desert theory and argues that it may not be able to assist us all the way in developing a sentencing doctrine for multiple offenders.

Gauging Criminal Harm: A Living-Standard Analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW VON HIRSCH ◽  
NILS JAREBORG
Keyword(s):  
Living Standard ◽  
Standard Analysis

Research of Axially Loaded Steel Columns Reinforced under Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 633-634 ◽  
pp. 1029-1032
Author(s):  
Le Zhou ◽  
Yun Hao Bai ◽  
Xiao Mei Nie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Axially Loaded ◽  
The Way

With the lapse of time, the carrying capacity of early steel structure buildings which affected by various factors in the process of long service has dropped. Meanwhile, the use function of buildings has been asked for a higher level with the improvement of people's living standard. In this case, the assessment and reinforcement on buildings are particularly important. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanical properties of axially loaded steel columns strengthened by welding under load and axially loaded steel columns strengthened by enclosed reinforced concrete under load, the mechanism of steel and concrete work together and the reduction coefficients of steel and concrete of enclosed reinforced concrete have been systemically introduced. To pave the way for the following researches of steel numbers reinforced under load.

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

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