Exploitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Tomaskovic-Devey ◽  
Dustin Avent-Holt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Income Transfers ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Fashion Models

Exploitation is a relationship in which one party uses power to gain at the expense of another. Exploitation happens through a claims-making process. Legal and cultural institutions steer which groups are exploited and block or facilitate exploitation. Exploitation can be naked and open for all to see; more often exploitation is institutionalized, taken for granted, and legitimated even by those being exploited. Examples of exploitation are offered, including increased exploitation of organizational resources by CEOs and other top earners; wage theft by employers from employees; income transfers between workers across categorical boundaries, including race, occupation, education, and parenthood; corporate cultures of self-exploitation; as well as contemporary slavery in the United States and the sexual exploitation of fashion models.

Archives, Repatriation, and the Challenges Ahead

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Anthony Seeger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Audiovisual Archives ◽  
Definition Of

For decades, ethnomusicologists, folklorists, anthropologists, and a variety of cultural institutions such as audiovisual archives and museums have been returning parts of their collections to the communities from which they were originally obtained. Starting with a definition of repatriation, this chapter describes some of the attributes of successful repatriation projects. They usually require a highly motivated individual or group within the community, an intermediary to help locate and obtain the recordings, and a funding agency for the effective return of the music to circulation within the community. Different kinds of repatriation are described using examples from the author’s research in Brazil and projects in Australia, India, and the United States. Projects to return music to local circulation have been greatly facilitated by changes in communications technologies and digital recording, and by profound changes in research ethics and the relations between researchers and documentarians and the communities in which they work. Despite these improvements, challenges remain.

Documenting whose heritage? The problem of point of view in documenting American cultural property

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Deirdre C. Stam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Made In

In the United States, as elsewhere, cultural history represents, and is itself shaped by, many points of view. The existence of differing views of cultural history is reflected, in the United States, by the variety and independence of cultural institutions. Such a diversity of approaches does not facilitate the development of a nation-wide overview or of a national databank or national methodologies; however, progress is now being made in terms of cooperation and coordination, especially through the development and acceptance of standards which make different data systems compatible with one another.

Notes on Oscar Wilde's Transatlantic Gender Politics

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
MICHÈLE MENDELSSOHN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Women's Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Gender Boundaries ◽  
Lecture Tour

For decades now, Oscar Wilde has been celebrated in academic and popular circles as a transgressor of gender boundaries and a devotee of the woman's world and an “appreciative inheritor of women's culture.” What has been underappreciated, however, is that Wilde also acted as an advocate of gender binaries in ways that significantly challenge this reputation. This article argues that Wilde's writings reveal a traditionalist critique of American gender politics that reflects his concern over the management of cultural institutions and values, and the increasingly precarious place of men within them. Rather than locating these anxieties in Britain, Wilde displaced them onto the United States, a country whose cultural institutions he had become intimate with during a year-long lecture tour in the early 1880s. By exposing and problematizing Wilde's response to the late nineteenth-century crisis in masculinity and his disappointment at the failure of American men to take their place in society as arbiters of taste, this article underscores the need for a nuanced reassessment of Wildean gender politics. At stake here are fundamental questions about how a transgressive politics sits alongside traditionalism, and how a conservative gender bias in transatlantic fin de siècle culture operated even in the period's progressive circles.

The Sexual Exploitation of Girls in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 2814-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Eve Roe-Sepowitz ◽  
James Gallagher ◽  
Markus Risinger ◽  
Kristine Hickle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States

“No Place for Old Men”: Immigrant Duration, Wage Theft, and Economic Mobility among Day Laborers in Denver, Colorado

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110013
Author(s):  
Rebecca Galemba ◽  
Randall Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Day Laborers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Day Labor ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Long Duration

Day laborers are a highly vulnerable population, due to their contingent work arrangements, low socioeconomic position, and precarious immigration status. Earlier studies posited day labor as a temporary bridge for recent immigrants to achieve more stable employment, but recent studies have observed increasing duration of residence in the United States among foreign-born day laborers. This article draws on 170 qualitative interviews and a multi-venue, year-long street corner survey of 411 day laborers in the Denver metropolitan area to analyze how duration in the United States affects day laborers’ wages, work, and wage theft experiences. Compared to recent immigrants, foreign-born day laborers with longer duration in the United States, we found, worked fewer hours and had lower total earnings but also had higher hourly wages and lower exposure to wage theft. We draw on qualitative interviews to address whether this pattern represented weathering, negative selection, or greater discernment. Rather than upward or downward mobility, long duration immigrant day labors had more jagged incorporations experiences. Interviews suggest that day laborers draw on experience to mitigate the risk of wage theft but that the value of experience is undercut by the fierce competition of daily recruitment, ultimately highlighting the compounding vulnerabilities facing longer duration and older immigrant day laborers. The article highlights duration as an understudied precarity factor which can adversely impact the economic assimilation of long duration immigrants who persist in contingent markets like day labor.

scholarly journals Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle DeCoux Hampton ◽  
Michelle Lieggi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youth At Risk ◽  
Work Continuation

Background: Homeless, runaway, and transgender youth are at high risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States. Research examining this phenomenon is growing but requires synthesis to facilitate its use by professionals who serve this population. The purpose of this review was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the United States. Methods: The search included published and unpublished qualitative studies with current or former CSEY who reside in the United States. Results: There were 19 studies included in the review with a total of 795 participants. Eight themes were identified and grouped into three broader categories: experiences that preceded sex work entry, experiences that facilitated sex work continuation, and experiences that facilitated sex work exit. Conclusions: Understanding the barriers and facilitators of commercial sexual exploitation can inform the development of interventions that address the needs of CSEY and youth at risk for exploitation. The results of this review highlight the social and economic influences as well as the role of positive and negative reinforcements involved in sex work entry, its continuation, and exit. Needs for services, research, and advocacy are also discussed.

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