Estrogen Neuroprotection and Anti-Inflammation Actions in the Hippocampus

2020 ◽  
pp. 401-415
Author(s):  
Roshni D. Thakkar ◽  
Ruimin Wang ◽  
Gangadhara R. Sareddy ◽  
Ratna K. Vadlamudi ◽  
Darrell W. Brann
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Activator Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammation

The steroid hormone 17β‎-estradiol (E2) is neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative conditions, including cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This chapter focuses on the evidence supporting a neuroprotective role of E2 in the hippocampus in cerebral ischemia and AD and reviews various mechanisms thought to underlie E2-induced neuroprotection. Specifically, the chapter discusses the mechanistic role of (a) the various estrogen receptor subtypes, (b) genomic versus nongenomic signaling, (c) regulation of the prosurvival Wnt/β‎−catenin pathway, and (d) anti-inflammatory effects of E2 in the hippocampus. Finally, we also discuss the role of a novel estrogen receptor co-activator protein, proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) in mediating E2 genomic and non-genomic signaling, as well as the neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of E2 in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Role of the PGE 2 receptor subtypes EP1, EP2, and EP3 in repetitive traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Catlin ◽  
Jenna L. Leclerc ◽  
Krunal Shukla ◽  
Sarah M. Marini ◽  
Sylvain Doré
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Receptor Subtypes

The effect of female sexual hormones on the intestinal and serum cytokine response after traumatic brain injury: different roles for estrogen receptor subtypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khaksari ◽  
Zakieh Keshavarzi ◽  
Ahmad Gholamhoseinian ◽  
Bahram Bibak
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of female sexual hormones on intestinal and serum cytokines following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult female rats were ovariectomized and distributed among the following 9 groups: (i) sham trauma, (ii) TBI (Marmarou’s method), (iii) vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) treated, (iv) estrogen (E2) treated, (v) progesterone (P) treated, (vi) treated with E2+P, (vii) propylpyrazole triol (PPT) treated, (viii) diarylpropionitrile (DPN) treated, and (ix) control. PPT and DPN are estrogen receptor αand β agonists, respectively. Serum and intestinal levels of interleukin (IL)-1β were increased by TBI (P < 0.001). The level of intestinal IL-1β was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in serum IL-1β (P < 0.01) and an increase in intestinal IL-1β level (P < 0.001) in the PPT-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. TBI reduced serum IL-6 (P < 0.01) and increased intestinal IL-6 (P < 0.001). Serum IL-6 was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001), P (P < 0.001), E2+P (P < 0.01), and DPN (P < 0.001) after TBI; however, intestinal IL-6 was higher in the E2-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.01). Intestinal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was increased by TBI (P < 0.001). Progesterone decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.01). Intestinal TNF-α in the E2 (P < 0.01), E2+P (P < 0.001), and PPT (P < 0.001) treatment groups was less than in the vehicle-treated group. In conclusion, estrogen influences the intestinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-α, mediated through estrogen receptor α.

Role of innate inflammation in traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bourgeois-Tardif ◽  
Louis De Beaumont ◽  
José Carlos Rivera ◽  
Sylvain Chemtob ◽  
Alexander G Weil
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals P88 Paroxysmal sympathetic storm and the role of beta-blockers in traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Nguembu ◽  
Marco Meloni ◽  
Geneviève Endalle ◽  
Hugues Dokponou ◽  
Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

Abstract Introduction Most cases of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) result from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about its pathophysiology and treatment, and several neuroprotective drugs are used including beta-blockers. The aim of our study is to collate existing evidence of the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of PSH. Method We will search MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The search terms used will cover the following terms: “paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity”, “traumatic brain injury” and “beta-blockers.”: No language or geographical restrictions will be applied. Two independent co-authors will screen the titles and abstracts of each article following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. If there is a conflict the two reviewers will find a consensus and if they cannot a third co-author will decide. Using a pre-designed and pre-piloted data extraction form, data from each included citation will be collected (authors identification, study type, TBI severity, type of beta-blockers used, dosage of the drug, clinical signs of PSH, Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale, mortality, morbidity and length of stay). Simple descriptive data analyses will be performed and the results will be presented both in a narrative and tabular form. Results The effectiveness of beta-blockers in post-TBI PHS will be evaluated through clinical signs of PHS(increased heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, blood pressure, and sweating), Glasgow Coma Scale, and Glasgow Outcome Scale. mortality, morbidity and length of stay. Conclusion At the end of this scoping review we will design a systematic review with metaanalysis if there are a reasonable number of studies otherwise we will design a randomized controlled trial.

Polydatin alleviates traumatic brain injury: Role of inhibiting ferroptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Lu Huang ◽  
Shulei He ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Siwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Eric S. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Health

There is a robust and compelling body of evidence supporting the ergogenic and therapeutic role of creatine supplementation in muscle. Beyond these well-described effects and mechanisms, there is literature to suggest that creatine may also be beneficial to brain health (e.g., cognitive processing, brain function, and recovery from trauma). This is a growing field of research, and the purpose of this short review is to provide an update on the effects of creatine supplementation on brain health in humans. There is a potential for creatine supplementation to improve cognitive processing, especially in conditions characterized by brain creatine deficits, which could be induced by acute stressors (e.g., exercise, sleep deprivation) or chronic, pathologic conditions (e.g., creatine synthesis enzyme deficiencies, mild traumatic brain injury, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, depression). Despite this, the optimal creatine protocol able to increase brain creatine levels is still to be determined. Similarly, supplementation studies concomitantly assessing brain creatine and cognitive function are needed. Collectively, data available are promising and future research in the area is warranted.

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