Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Karen Polinger Foster
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Western Scholarship

This introductory chapter presents two new directions in Western scholarship that coincide with the study of human relationships with flora and fauna in gardens and zoos. The first grew out of increasing interest in natural history in its broadest sense, with investigation into such topics as the intersection of science and art, and the societal and personal motivations behind the collection of specimens, living and not. Historians of botanical and zoological gardens, for their part, were now considering the evolution of planting schemes, display architecture, public access, and popular expectations, as well as the psychology of interaction with the strange and wonderful. The second direction was a byproduct of globalization. Here, museums led the way by mounting exhibitions that transcended disciplinary boundaries to demonstrate influences and linkages across time and space. Thought-provoking juxtapositions illuminated the myriad ways in which communities reflected, absorbed, reinterpreted, and sometimes rejected the exotic. Ultimately, among the book’s unifying themes is the pervasive, persistent notion that exotic flora and fauna were essential elements in creating and ordering perfect, microcosmic worlds.

Knowledge First

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Adam Carter ◽  
Emma C. Gordon ◽  
Benjamin W. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Timothy Williamson ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Individual

In this introductory chapter, the volume’s editors provide a theoretical background to the volume’s topic and a brief overview of the papers included. The chapter is divided into five parts: Section 1 explains the main contours of the knowledge-first approach, as it was initially advanced by Timothy Williamson in Knowledge and its Limits. In Sections 2–3, some of the key philosophical motivations for the knowledge-first approach are reviewed, and several key contemporary research themes associated with this approach in epistemology, the philosophy of mind and elsewhere are outlined and briefly discussed. The volume’s papers are divided into two broad categories: foundational issues and applications and new directions. Section 4 discusses briefly the scope and aim of the volume as the editors have conceived it, and Section 5 offers an overview of each of the individual contributions in the volume.

Dead-Ends and New Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-347
Author(s):  
Jean Francesco A.L. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
Doctrine Of Creation

Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate how Abraham Kuyper and some late neo-Calvinists have addressed the doctrine of creation in light of the challenges posed by evolutionary scientific theory. I argue that most neo-Calvinists today, particularly scholars from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), continue Kuyper’s legacy by holding the core principles of a creationist worldview. Yet, they have taken a new direction by explaining the natural history of the earth in evolutionary terms. In my analysis, Kuyper’s heirs at the VU today offer judicious parameters to guide Christians in conversation with evolutionary science, precisely because of their high appreciation of good science and awareness of the nonnegotiable elements that make up the orthodox Christian narrative.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Nurfadzilah Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
The Indian Ocean

This introductory chapter flips the more common historical perspective that European imperialism led to new patterns of legal pluralism across empires that spawned possibilities for interpolity contact and trade, acting as catalysts for the emergence of global legal regimes. It demonstrates how British and Dutch territorial jurisdictions expressed very specific relationships between territory, authority, and forms of law, and it simultaneously puts into stark relief the preponderance of diasporic Arab merchants generating their own jurisdictions across the Indian Ocean in tandem with those of the European colonist. Not only were these Arabs attuned to legal pluralism being the operative condition of law, they were also acutely aware of jurisdictional ordering and the concentration of power across time and space. The chapter proposes a spatial repositioning of the Indian Ocean from the perspective of Southeast Asia outward toward Hadramawt, a region located in present-day Yemen from which most Arabs in Southeast Asia originated. Ultimately, it presents the result of the legislation after members of the Hadhrami diaspora attempted to bring their own regulation with them, inscribing territorial lines across the Indian Ocean through law.

A cabinet of the ordinary: domesticating veterinary education, 1766–1799

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIT HEINTZMAN
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Natural History ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Veterinary Education ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries

AbstractIn the late eighteenth century, the Ecole vétérinaire d'Alfort was renowned for its innovative veterinary education and for having one of the largest natural history and anatomy collections in France. Yet aside from a recent interest in the works of one particular anatomist, the school's history has been mostly ignored. I examine here the fame of the school in eighteenth-century travel literature, the historic connection between veterinary science and natural history, and the relationship between the school's hospital and its esteemed cabinet. Using the correspondence papers of veterinary administrators, state representatives and competing scientific institutions during the French Revolution, I argue that resource constraints and the management of anatomical and natural history specimens produced new disciplinary boundaries between natural history, veterinary medicine and human medicine, while reinforcing geographic divisions between the local and the foreign in the study of non-human animals. This paper reconstructs theAncien Régimereasoning that veterinary students would benefit from a global perspective on animality, and the Revolutionary government's rejection of that premise. Under republicanism, veterinary medicine became domestic.

scholarly journals So Easy to See: Muriel Rukeyser and Berenice Abbott’s unfinished collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Rowena Kennedy-Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Muriel Rukeyser ◽  
Lost Potential ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This essay reassembles from archival materials the lost collaboration between Muriel Rukeyser and Berenice Abbott, So Easy to See, which pairs Abbott’s innovative Super-Sight photographs with Rukeyser’s poetic-theoretical discussions of ‘seeing’ in order to discuss lesbian desire, the atomic bomb, the relationship between art and science, and female genius. The work was repeatedly rejected by male editors and curators, who demeaned and undervalued the innovative nature of the project, in part because Abbott and Rukeyser dared to assert themselves as scientific experts; nevertheless, it is an intellectually rich and artistically innovative collaboration by two of the twentieth century’s most versatile artists. From the early 1940s through the 1960s, in a period in the U.S. defined by the elevation of the sciences over the arts, they shared a similar goal: to develop new methods for demonstrating the uses of and relationships between the arts and the sciences. Through their collaboration, Rukeyser and Abbott worked against accepted gendered and disciplinary boundaries, in order to show how ‘science and art meet and might meet in our time’ as sources of imaginative possibility and social progress. In doing so, they engendered questions about what kinds of collaborative and artistic practices are sanctioned, about the ontology of things and the everyday, about materialist philosophy and about the radical possibilities of interdisciplinarity. By making visible this lost collaboration, this essay participates in the recovery of an innovative and exciting modernist collaboration, and asks us to see both the lost potential of its inventiveness as well as to contextualise its disappearance. In order to see their work on ‘seeing’, we must also undertake an exploration into the cultural mechanisms that obfuscated it at mid-century.

Deaf Anthropology

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Friedner ◽  
Annelies Kusters
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Deaf Studies ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Senses

Deaf anthropology is a field that exists in conversation with but is not reducible to the interdisciplinary field of deaf studies. Deaf anthropology is predicated upon a commitment to understanding deafnesses across time and space while holding on to “deaf” as a category that does something socially, politically, morally, and methodologically. In doing so, deaf anthropology moves beyond compartmentalizing the body, the senses, and disciplinary boundaries. We analyze the close relationship between anthropology writ large and deaf studies: Deaf studies scholars have found analytics and categories from anthropology, such as the concept of culture, to be productive in analyzing deaf peoples’ experiences and the sociocultural meanings of deafness. As we note, however, scholarship on deaf peoples’ experiences is increasingly variegated. This review is arranged into four overlapping sections titled Socialities and Similitudes; Mobilities, Spaces, and Networks; Modalities and the Sensorium; and Technologies and Futures.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of the Chief Scientific Advisor

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wilsdon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
International Council ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Science Advice ◽  
Advisory Systems ◽  
Advisory Bodies

At the end of August 2014, scientists and policymakers from forty-eight countries gathered at the Heritage Hotel in Auckland, New Zealand to debate the science and art of scientific advice. Jointly hosted by Sir Peter Gluckman, chief scientific advisor to the PrimeMinister of NewZealand, and the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Auckland summit was the largest ever meeting of its kind, attracting science advisors, advisory bodies and academic experts fromAlbania to Zimbabwe, and a host of countries in between.Over two days of intense discussion, participants debated structures and methods for the provision of scientific advice in emergency situations, across national and disciplinary boundaries, and on contested topics,where science, values and politics collide. The meeting ended with a call to strengthen collaboration between advisory systems, an agreement to formalize the network, and a commitment tomeet again in 2016. As Sir Peter Gluckman said afterwards: “Our goal was to start a global conversation on the practices and challenges of conveying science advice to governments…The meeting has highlighted a real thirst among practitioners to share models and lessons.”

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