A Geometry of Temporal Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Yust
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Geometric Object ◽  
Object A ◽  
Temporal Structures

The associahedron is a geometric object, a multidimensional solid, whose vertices can be understood to represent the possible temporal structures on a given number of events. We can use it to relate temporal structures, such as two temporal structures on the same events in different modalities. Comparison of disjunct tonal and formal structures can be understood, for instance, as structural appoggiaturas or anticipations depending on which direction they point within the associahedron. This is illustrated with a number of analytical examples from previous chapters. A more symmetrical solid, the permutohedron, is embedded within the associahedron, and distance from the center of the permutohedron can be used as a measure of evenness for a temporal structure.

Managing projects as a mode of temporal ordering. Performative organising of time and temporality in projects

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Kalff
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Temporal Flow ◽  
Conceptual Nature ◽  
Temporal Ordering

Purpose Project studies analyse either managing practices or the temporal nature of project management, which leaves open a research gap: the temporality of managing practice. The paper demonstrates that performativity theory with a temporal perspective helps us to understand how managing a project organises limited temporal resources by aligning activities, deadlines or milestones to reach a goal in a given time.Design/methodology/approach The article utilises empirical data and grounded theory methodology. Ten interviews with project managers from two companies support empirically guided theory building and conceptual reasoning.Findings The article extends John Law's “modes of ordering” to a project-specific mode of temporal ordering. This mode of temporal ordering describes the underlying rationale of project managers who assign, order and materialise time to generate the temporal structure of the project.Research limitations/implications The conceptual nature of the paper and its limited empirical data restrict the generalisation of the findings. The article's goal is to initiate further research and to offer a set of tools for such research.Originality/value The contribution links managing practice and temporality in a performativity approach. This link focusses the actual actions of the managers and contextualises them in the temporal flow of the project. Managing projects as a mode of temporal ordering describes how project managers enact temporal structures and how they themselves and their activities are temporally embedded.

AN APPROACH OF EXCITING EVENTS DETECTION IN SOCCER SPORTS VIDEOS

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
WEI WANG ◽  
WEI GAO ◽  
YAJUAN LIU ◽  
RUNSHENG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Events Detection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sports Videos

In this paper, an approach with both the hierarchical tree and the clips temporal structure is proposed for exciting events (such as free kicks near the goal box, corner kicks, etc.) detection in broadcast soccer videos. In this approach, video frames are firstly divided into sections. Then these sections are divided further into clips which have specifically semantic information so that we can use the low-level descriptors to classify the clips and analyze the relationship between them. Low-level descriptors include color, motion descriptors and edge descriptors. To detect the exciting events, the simple classification models are constructed by combining the fixed temporal structures of clips with motion vectors and other low-level descriptors. Experiments on real soccer video programs show the encouraging results.

On the so-called future-progressive construction

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
NAOAKI WADA
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Present Progressive

This article aims to systematically explain linguistic facts concerning thewill+be -ingconstruction (WBI construction) in terms of a general theory of tense. For this purpose, temporal structures of the WBI construction are constructed based on the tense theory of Wada (2001, 2009, 2011) by combining temporal structures of sentences containingwillwith temporal structures of sentences containing present-progressive forms. It is shown that the temporal structure-based analysis not only addresses problems with previous studies, but also illuminates the characteristics of the WBI construction in a unified way.

scholarly journals Электрохимическая эмиссия при деформировании и разрушении алюминий-магниевого сплава в водной среде

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
А.А. Шибков ◽  
М.Ф. Гасанов ◽  
А.Е. Золотов ◽  
М.А. Желтов ◽  
А.А. Денисов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Discrete Signals ◽  
Localization Of Plastic Deformation ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatio-temporal structures of Portevin-Le Chatelier deformation bands at the pre-failure stage, necking and destruction of an aluminum-magnesium alloy, deformable in an aqueous medium, were investigated by a complex of in situ methods, including high-speed video of the surface and an electrochemical emission method. The latter is based on measuring and analyzing jumps in the electrode potential of a deformable metal under the conditions of the manifestation of intermittent deformation. It is established that discrete signals of electrochemical emission in the frequency band of 10 Hz - 10 kHz contain information on the number of deformation bands, the moments of nucleation and stages of their growth, the statistical temporal structure of the bands, etc. A characteristic series of signals at the pre-failure stage is revealed − an electrochemical precursor neck formation and specimen fracture. The connection between the generation of electrochemical emission signals and the localization of plastic deformation and the destruction of an oxide film on an aluminum alloy surface in contact with an aqueous medium is discussed.

Investigating Temporal Structure Usage in Individual Time Management Practices

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Dezhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Research University ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Academic Professionals

Researchers in management and organizational behavior have shown that temporal rhythms and norms exist and that they collectively impact multiple aspects of an organization. They have also shown that individual productivity is hampered if temporal cycles clash. This suggests that individual time management is related to the temporal structures that govern and constrain an individual’s life. At its simplest form, individuals use external records to capture explicit temporal structures that allow them to view this constraint. This external record then allows individuals to view the relationships between the temporal structures affecting their lives and the relationships between the different temporal structures. Thus, knowing these relationships can help an individual build a personal schedule in a calendar tool that optimizes his or her use of time while still abiding by the temporal structures that cannot be controlled. It is expected that people who are very busy or very interested in personal advancement want to optimize their time usage and, therefore, spend time learning about the myriad of temporal structures that affect their lives so that they can best control them. It follows that people who are effective time managers are likely to use and understand temporal structures in a more sophisticated fashion than people who are not. This research investigates this possibility through two sets of intensive field interviews with a group of academic professionals at a U.S. public research university. The focus of this work is on investigating types of temporal structures being used in individual time management with calendar tools.

Unweaving the embodied nature of English temporal prepositions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Morras Cortés ◽  
Xu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Temporal Semantics ◽  
Temporal Cognition ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Temporal Structures

Abstract The metaphor time is space (Lakoff & Johnson 1999) and the pervasiveness of metaphor and image-schematic structure in human conceptualization (Johnson 1987; Hampe 2005) have been widely accepted among cognitive scientists as constructs that help explain non-spatial and temporal linguistic constructions. However, Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) might not be the whole story. While it is acceptable that moments in time can be construed as being analogous to points in space as in utterances such as at the corner vs. at 2:30, there seems to be much more temporal cognition than previously thought. It turns out that time exhibits its own structure (following Evans 2004, 2013; Galton 2011) that is based on transience. This idea has made some scholars support the weak version of CMT which posits that the temporal meaning of prepositions is represented and processed independently of the corresponding spatial meanings (see Kemmerer 2005 for such a view). The present article supports the idea that spatial and temporal structures complement each other in order to achieve temporal conceptions. This is indeed a conceptual pattern showed by the English preposition at that makes use of an extrinsic temporal reference to activate its temporal semantics. To analyze the different temporal realizations that at may have, the paper aims to identify the topological structure that underlies the conceptual basis of this preposition. This allows us to appreciate how the spatio-conceptual structure of at partially structures temporal conceptions. The paper also identifies the nature of the temporal structure that is involved in temporal realizations. The article concludes with some remarks, among them the pivotal role of the schematic temporal structure that is captured by the extrinsic temporal reference, and the role of conceptual metaphor in underdetermining temporal thinking.

scholarly journals Pink Noise in Rowing Ergometer Performance and the Role of Skill Level

Motor Control ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud J. R. Den Hartigh ◽  
Ralf F. A. Cox ◽  
Christophe Gernigon ◽  
Nico W. Van Yperen ◽  
Paul L. C. Van Geert
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Noise Pattern ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study was to examine (1) the temporal structures of variation in rowers’ (natural) ergometer strokes to make inferences about the underlying motor organization, and (2) the relation between these temporal structures and skill level. Four high-skilled and five lower-skilled rowers completed 550 strokes on a rowing ergometer. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis was used to quantify the temporal structure of the intervals between force peaks. Results showed that the temporal structure differed from random, and revealed prominent patterns of pink noise for each rower. Furthermore, the high-skilled rowers demonstrated more pink noise than the lower-skilled rowers. The presence of pink noise suggests that rowing performance emerges from the coordination among interacting component processes across multiple time scales. The difference in noise pattern between high-skilled and lower-skilled athletes indicates that the complexity of athletes’ motor organization is a potential key characteristic of elite performance.

Movement-related phasic muscle activation. I. Relations with temporal profile of movement

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Brown ◽  
J. D. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Temporal Profiles

1. The role of phasic muscle activation in determining the temporal properties of human arm movements was studied. The experiments show that subjects can modulate the triphasic electromyographic (EMG) pattern to produce movements of varied temporal structures. 2. Subjects performed horizontal forearm movements in which they varied movement accelerations and decelerations. All movements were of the same amplitude, duration, and peak velocity. A phase-plane (velocity vs. position) template of the desired movement was presented to the subject, who had to reproduce the template by appropriate movement of the forearm. 3. The ratio of the durations of acceleration to deceleration (termed the symmetry ratio, SR) was used as a measure of the temporal structure of the movements. Movements with SRs ranging from 0.4 (short acceleration-long deceleration) to 2.0 (long acceleration-short deceleration) were studied. 4. Subjects modulated the components of the triphasic EMG pattern to produce movements with different temporal profiles. As the SR was increased (increasing acceleration duration-decreasing deceleration duration), the following changes occurred: 1) the duration of the initial agonist burst (AG1) increased while its magnitude decreased; 2) the antagonist burst (ANT1) was progressively delayed relative to movement onset. ANT1 magnitude increased while its duration remained constant; and 3) the magnitude of the second agonist burst (AG2) increased and its duration decreased. 5. The triphasic EMG pattern can be modified to produce movements whose velocity profiles are not the same under simple scaling of duration or magnitude. It is concluded that previously described relations between components of the triphasic EMG pattern and movement parameters, such as amplitude, speed, and duration, are secondary to associated changes in their acceleration and deceleration characteristics.

scholarly journals Ontological system "knowledge-activity"

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
N.V. Maksimov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Object A

The paper considers an approach to construction of human rational activity ontological description. Such a description can serve as an additional source for entering the information space, expands the class of possible indexes for describ-ing documents and allows to implement contextual search. The purpose and features of the use of ontologies in de-scribing the subject area, both from a theoretical and an applied point of view, are considered. Criteria for identifying types of ontologies are indicated. Based on the principles of knowledge schematism, a knowledge representation ontol-ogies system has been developed, which unites language, forms of knowledge representation and process schemes. It is shown that precisely such kind of ontologies system makes possible the practical use of ontologies in computing envi-ronments. For a comprehensive description of production (rational) activity, ontologies of artifacts and processes are presented, developed on the basis of an analysis of state and international standards. The ontology of an artifact is a description of an object - a means and a result of purposeful activity, an ontology of processes is a formalized descrip-tion of the life cycle of an activity. With the help of the ontology of the artifact, it becomes possible to represent the logical structure of activity, and with the help of the ontology of processes, the temporal structure, which jointly deter-mine the two sides of the description of complex activity. The proposed ontology of processes includes a hierarchically related set of stages of the life cycle of activity, objects and subjects of activity of each stage and plays the role of a "navigation map" for subjects of activity, allowing them to navigate in complex organizational structures.

What is the Relationship between the Quality of Individual Time Management and Temporal Structure Usage? Building and Testing a Research Model

2010 ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Dezhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Faculty And Staff ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter introduces the research model designed for this study. A test of the measurement model is presented in detail. The software utilized in this research is the PLS-Graph version 3.0. A partial least square (PLS) data analysis was run on students, faculty, and staff datasets respectively. This chapter also reports all results on the building of the structural model that represents the relationship between time management quality and understanding of temporal structures. PLS results for students, faculty, and staff members are reported respectively. This chapter also summarizes the differences among students, faculty, and staff in their capture, use and understanding of different types of temporal structures.

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