Automation of the development of ontologies of scientific subject domains based on ontology design patterns

At present, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). However, the development of an ontology is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. All indications are that when developing SSDs ontologies, it is especially effective to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). This is due to the fact that the SSD ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical frag-ments, which are well described by the ODPs. In addition, due to the fact that the use of ODPs greatly facilitates the development of an SSD ontology, it is possible to involve experts in a modeled SSD not possessing the skills of onto-logical modeling. To obtain an ontology that adequately describes the SSD, it is necessary to process a huge number of publications relevant to the modeled SSD. It is possible to facilitate and accelerate the process of populating the ontolo-gy with information from such sources by using the lexical and syntactic patterns of ontological design. The paper pre-sents an approach to the automated development of SSDs ontologies based on a system of heterogeneous ODPs. This system includes both ODPs intended for ontology developers and lexical and syntactic patterns built on the basis of the above-mentioned types of the ODPs and the current version of the SSD ontology.

Intelligent systems based on photonics

This paper discusses the prospects of photonics, shows the relevance and applicability of photonics research. The poten-tial of photonics technologies to answer the socio-economic challenges of the digital transformation age is revealed. Opportunities that emerge with the introduction of photonic devices to various technical systems designed for environ-mental protection and quality of life improvement are demonstrated. Concrete photonics structures and devices for such key applications as spectroscopy, analog optical calculations, and optical neural networks are closely examined. Possi-ble applications for photonic sensors and new type spectrometers are outlined, their competitive advantages explored. Various geometries of extra fine compact photonic spectrometers are presented: based on digital planar diagrams, inte-grated into the photonic waveguides, metasurfaces, diffraction gratings with varying parameters. The benefits of analog optical computations against conventional electronic devices are discussed. Various nanophotonic structures designed for differential and integral operators are studied, solutions for edge detection are proposed. The concept for artificial intelligence implementation on the photonics platform using optical neural networks is analyzed. Various solutions are examined: containing sequences of diffraction elements and based on Huygens–Fresnel principle, as well as planar structures comprised of waveguides that interact as Mach–Zehnder interferometer. SPIE estimation of the international photonics market proposes that the peak of interest for this field is yet to be achieved and photonics will claim its place in the future technological landscape.

Analysis of key technologies for creating multisatellite orbital constellations of small spacecraft

One of the key areas of modern world cosmonautics is the development of cluster space systems for various purposes, consisting of a large number of functioning spacecraft. This became possible due to a decrease in the mass of spacecraft due to the creation and use of new materials, the development of electronics and microelectromechanical systems, the use of the group launch method, the development of multi-agent technologies and inter-satellite communication sys-tems. There are projects of systems consisting of a large number of space objects, such as OneWeb, Planet, Starlink, Satellogic, etc. The main classes of devices used to create such multi-satellite systems are small satellites, including the number of micro (up to 100 kg) and nano (up to 10-15 kg) classes, which have significant advantages over heavy space-craft, especially in terms of the timing and cost of their creation. The deployment of multi-satellite constellations, in-cluding hundreds and thousands of satellites, requires fundamentally new approaches to the creation of spacecraft and the system as a whole at all stages of the life cycle. The article discusses the key technologies used to create multi-satellite orbital constellations based on small satellites at different stages of the life cycle - from the early stages of de-sign to the stage of operation and disposal (information from orbit). The experience of a joint project of Samara Univer-sity and the Progress Rocket and Space Center on the creation of a constellation of small spacecraft of the AIST series is presented.

End-to-end design of automated systems based on ontologies

Currently, a large number of studies are being carried out on the use of ontologies in the development of automated sys-tems. Ontological modeling improves the efficiency of the software development process. The division of labor in the development of automated systems contributes to the appearance of semantic gaps between the phases of the design process. The practice of using a wide range of reusable design artifacts is a risk factor for violation of conceptual integ-rity, consistency and completeness of the developed design solutions. The article proposes a new approach to ontologi-cal modeling of automated systems, which serves the design process for their development at all stages of design up to implementation; and a new structure of metadata of ontological specifications of automated systems, which allows tak-ing into account semantically important entities and features of the system being developed. It is shown that the use of this approach significantly reduces labor costs in the design of a complex automated system in the face of changing re-quirements at different stages of system creation. The use of ontological models in the design process helps to increase the conceptual integrity, consistency and completeness of the developed design solutions.

Breadth First Search and Inference Methods Integration to satisfy table constraints

Within the Constraint Programming technology, so-called table constraints such as typical tables, compressed tables, smart tables, segmented tables, etc, are widely used. They can be used to represent any other types of constraints, and algorithms of the table constraint propagation (logical inference on constraints) allow eliminating a lot of "redundant" values from the domains of variables, while having low computational complexity. In the previous studies, the author proposed to divide smart tables into structures of C- and D-types. The generally accepted methodology for solving con-straint satisfaction problems is the combined application of constraint propagation methods and backtracking depth-first search methods. In the study, it is proposed to integrate breadth-first search methods and author`s method of table con-straint propagation. D-type smart tables are proposed to be represented as a join of several orthogonalized C-type smart tables. The search step is to select a pair of C-type smart tables to be joined and then propagate the restrictions. To de-termine the order of joining orthogonalized smart tables at each step of the search, a specialized heuristic is used, which reduces the search space, taking into account further calculations. When the restrictions are extended, the acceleration of the computation process is achieved by applying the developed reduction rules for the case of C-type smart tables. The developed hybrid method allows one to find all solutions to the problems of satisfying constraints modeled using one or several D-type smart tables, without decomposing tabular constraints into elementary tuples.

Formalization of the meaning. Part 3. Formation of contexts

The previous parts of this article have attempted to begin describing an approach to building strong artificial intelli-gence based on sense of information. A model was proposed in which concepts were described through related points of view. The point of view was set as a context that changes the original description to its interpretation. It was shown that the meaningfulness of the interpretation can be judged by its adequacy to the memory of previous experience. The space of contexts is described, which defines a system of concepts that cover a certain subject area. In this part of the article, an algorithm is described that allows you to create an initial system of concepts based on the observable signs of phe-nomena, and move from it to the contexts corresponding to these concepts. For the space of contexts, a method for cre-ating concept codes is proposed, which allows concept codes to convey the system of their internal proximity, a com-parison with convolutional networks is made. Explanations of the proposed approach are considered on the example of training the visual cortex.

Semantic models for assessing the influence of a combination of factors on the development of diseases

The analysis of approaches and solutions to the problem of risk assessment and prognosis of conditions and development of diseases is presented. It is shown that the implementation of software services on various platforms complicates the possibility of their comprehensive use and the choice between the available solutions. This has risen the urgency of creating a unified semantic model of diseases that integrates various methods and approaches to solving this problem and accumulates knowledge about risks and prognosis in a unified information space. A new semantic model is proposed to take into account influence of a combination of factors on development of various events that threaten health and life. The feature of the model is its independence from a specific disease or a group of diseases, which allows it to be used in various branches of medicine. This model has been tested on the IACPaaS platform. A software solver has been implemented that allows generating a clear explanation based on the knowledge base and analysis of the patient's electronic medical record. The application of the new model for the formation of knowledge is shown on the example of risk assessment and prognosis of cardiovascular events.

Trans-AI: How to Build True AI or Real Machine Intelligence and Learning

We are at the edge of colossal changes. This is a critical moment of historical choice and opportunity. It could be the best 5 years ahead of us that we have ever had in human history or one of the worst, because we have all the power, technology and knowledge to create the most fundamental general-purpose technology (GPT), which could completely upend the whole human history. The most im-portant GPTs were fire, the wheel, language, writing, the printing press, the steam engine, electric power, information and telecommunications technology, all to be topped by real artificial intelligence technology. Our study refers to Why and How the Real Machine Intelligence or True AI or Real Su-perintelligence (RSI) could be designed and developed, deployed and distributed in the next 5 years. The whole idea of RSI took about three decades in three phases. The first conceptual model of Trans-AI was published in 1989. It covered all possible physical phenomena, effects and processes. The more extended model of Real AI was developed in 1999. A complete theory of superintelligence, with its reality model, global knowledge base, NL programing language, and master algorithm, was presented in 2008. The RSI project has been finally completed in 2020, with some key findings and discoveries being published on the EU AI Alliance/Futurium site in 20+ articles. The RSI features a unifying World Metamodel (Global Ontology), with a General Intelligence Framework (Master Algo-rithm), Standard Data Type Hierarchy, NL Programming Language, to effectively interact with the world by intelligent processing of its data, from the web data to the real-world data. The basic results with technical specifications, classifications, formulas, algorithms, designs and patterns, were kept as a trade secret and documented as the Corporate Confidential Report: How to Engineer Man-Machine Superintelligence 2025. As a member of EU AI Alliance, the author has proposed the Man-Machine RSI Platform as a key part of Transnational EU-Russia Project. To shape a smart and sustainable fu-ture, the world should invest into the RSI Science and Technology, for the Trans-AI paradigm is the way to an inclusive, instrumented, interconnected and intelligent world.

Ontology of designing of a contemporary field-specific university museum

The work is devoted to the development of the concept of a contemporary field-specific museum on the example of the Museum of Aviation and Cosmonautics of Samara University. The rapid development of the Kuibyshev Aviation Insti-tute, and later the Samara National Research University named after academician S.P.Korolev identified the need to improve not only the expositions of the museum, but also to propose a new concept of the museum, to greatly expand its role and significance in external relations, in education and in scientific activity. The design of the museum concept was based on the ontological approach. The analysis of the legal framework of museum activities in the Russian Federa-tion is carried out, the views of philosophers and historians on the concept of the museum are presented, the practice of designing modern museums, and the features of specialized, and in particular, university museums are considered. The authors propose to include a virtual tour of the locations that previously independently existed at the university, and are used in the educational process. These are: a training aerodrome where the samples of aviation equipment are presented; Europe's largest Center for the History of Aircraft Engines, aircraft class and equipment class; Museum of the history of KuAI-SSAU. On the one hand, it is important to maintain continuity in the museum's expositions, and on the other hand, it is significant to offer innovative solutions that will be in demand by a potential consumer and the target audi-ence. It is proposed to focus on the museum of the future, on the widespread use of information technologies, the presentation of new and future projects, on the expansion of the volume of thematic material through QR codes, which allow visitors to supplement audio and video materials. Equipping the museum with bilingual audio guides and basic inscriptions is an indisputable requirement for a modern museum. Cool and original lighting, moving models and exhib-its, flying drones and flies, the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as a relaxation zone in the form of an aircraft cabin will make it possible to achieve the desired impression among visitors about the university of the future.

Development strategy formation of the Committee on Artificial Intelligence in the Scientific and Educational Center "Engineering of the Future"

The Scientific and Educational Center "Engineering of the Future", created on the basis of the Institute of Regional Development of the Samara Region, has formed a number of important sectoral and subject committees, in which it is planned to develop breakthrough technologies in high-tech industries. The Committee on Artificial Intelligence, organized within the framework of the SEC "Engineering of the Future", forms its development strategy. The article outlines the vision for the prospects of such a strategy of the project team, consisting of specialists from universities, academia, design organizations, commercial companies and startups. The key in the proposed strategy is emergent artificial intelligence - it is a spontaneously arising, under the influence of external events or from internal causes or motives, a chain of coordinated state changes by agents who find a solution to a new problem or increase the value of an existing solution. The authors believe that the construction of emergent artificial intelligence is based on multi-agent technologies and ontologies of subject areas. The article formulates the main tasks of the Committee for the coming years and presents a technological project. The project includes the creation of mass production of intelligent resource management systems, personalized by creating digital twins of enterprise management processes, knowledge bases and multi-agent technologies. The essence of the proposed project, reflecting the important priorities of industrial partners, is to create a line of intelligent products and services for all stages of the life cycle of complex high-tech products and build a "factory" of such systems in the form of an open instrumental platform that will allow these enterprises to reduce dependence on the solution provider and on their own develop and modernize such systems. The principles of the Committee's work were proposed, its first potential projects and planned cooperation on these projects to achieve the first practical results were considered.