Laloy

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-247
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kieffer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Affective Experience ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Wide Range

Louis Laloy, a close friend of Debussy and, along with Jean Marnold, one of his most prolific defenders in the Parisian press, drew from a wide range of intellectual influences in his writing on Debussy, intertwining his account of Debussy’s innovations with interests in musical archaism and exoticism. Like that of Marnold, Laloy’s writing engaged with recent ideas from the human sciences involving acoustics, sensory physiology, psychology, and affective experience; like Marnold, Laloy continually wrestled with questions of historical and cultural difference in his account of Debussy’s music. However, Laloy approached these questions very differently, shrouding Debussy’s music in a mystical haze that served as a rebuke to reductive scientific theorizing—even as Laloy’s account of Debussy had been uniquely enabled by the scientific discourse that was ostensibly under critique.

The Evolution of Cultural Entities

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Modern Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Cultural Entities

Ever since Charles Darwin, scholars have noted that cultural entities such as languages, laws, firms, and theories seem to ‘evolve’ through sequences of variation, selection and replication, in many ways just like living organisms. This book considers whether this comparison is ‘just a metaphor’, or whether modern evolutionary theory can help us to understand the dynamics of different cultural domains. The ‘evolutionary paradigm of rationality’ has a significant role to play throughout the human sciences, but raises complex issues in every cultural context where it is applied. By fostering discussion between scholars from a wide range of research traditions, this book aims to influence the evolution of all of them.

Traditionalism and Originality in Roman Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 592-614
Author(s):  
Philip Thibodeau
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
Remote Past

This chapter characterizes an important feature of Roman scientific discourse that sets it apart from the Greek tradition. Valorization of the mos maiorum (custom of the ancestors) spawned a conviction among Roman intellectuals that voices from the past possess more authority than those of the present. Those who wrote about natural philosophy thus tended to idealize tradition in ways that ended up effacing their own contributions. This habit did not preclude innovation and debate, but did serve to obscure the sources of ideas, with figures from the remote past such as Pythagoras often given credit for lore of much more recent vintage. Illustrations of this phenomenon are drawn from a wide range of authors including Cato, Fuluius Nobilior, Varro, Ovid, and Moderatus of Gades.

scholarly journals Cultural determinants in Chile – the land of great ambitions

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Dorota Bochniak-Piasecka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
State Of Mind

Abstract Chile is commonly described as “the best student” in the Latin America class. In 1985 Harrsion with his publication Underdevelopment is a state of mind [Lawrence, 1985] started research on the significance of cultural determinants in economic development. Having based his research on two examples, he proved his thesis that culture is a determining obstacle in the development of Latin American states. Causing many discussions, he initiated a wide range of socio-economic research, the aim of which was to present to what degree and what kind of cultural factors shape political and economic development, and which ones lead to social stagnation. Further research by Harisson and Huntington which was published in their work Culture matters [Lawrence, 2000] presented a wide spectrum of interconnections of culture with civilization development, institutions and geographic conditions. The scientific discourse includes the phenomenon of cultural changes promotion as an element of the pro-development policy as well as anthropological considerations on the influence of “cultural imperialism” of Europe and the States in the globalization era on the preservation of societies’ cultural identity. Many publications in the area of research on cultural conditions in management and negotiations appeared in the 1990s. This scientific discourse has gathered its own momentum as the amount of research brings about the increase of connections of interdisciplinary cultural determinants.

Cicero

Classics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Steel ◽  
Caroline Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Marcus Tullius Cicero ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
D 43

Marcus Tullius Cicero (b. 106–d. 43 bce) was a prominent lawyer and politician, active at Rome during the final decades of the Roman Republic and in the period of Caesar’s dictatorship. He was assassinated in November of 43 bce on the orders of the second triumvirate (Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus) because of his opposition to Antony after Caesar’s death. His position as a politician makes him an important figure in the history of the late Republic. He reached the consulship in 63 bce, during which year he uncovered and suppressed an attempted coup led by Catiline. His role in executing five of the conspirators without trial led some years later to his exile, and after his return from exile he struggled to reestablish his political authority in a Rome increasingly dominated by the struggle between Pompey and Caesar. He spent the period of Caesar’s dictatorship largely in retirement, but he emerged as a major figure in the chaos after Caesar’s assassination. Just as important, or perhaps even more so, he was a prolific writer in an enormous variety of genres. He disseminated versions of many of his forensic and political speeches, as well as works of political and rhetorical theory and philosophy that were enormously influential in later periods; and collections of his letters to his close friend Atticus, his brother Quintus, and a wide range of other figures survive, as well as some poetry.

scholarly journals Active recognition enhances the representation of behaviorally relevant information in single auditory forebrain neurons

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1690-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Knudsen ◽  
Timothy Q. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Task ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Auditory Recognition ◽  
Auditory Forebrain ◽  
Wide Range

Sensory systems are dynamic. They must process a wide range of natural signals that facilitate adaptive behaviors in a manner that depends on an organism's constantly changing goals. A full understanding of the sensory physiology that underlies adaptive natural behaviors must therefore account for the activity of sensory systems in light of these behavioral goals. Here we present a novel technique that combines in vivo electrophysiological recording from awake, freely moving songbirds with operant conditioning techniques that allow control over birds' recognition of conspecific song, a widespread natural behavior in songbirds. We show that engaging in a vocal recognition task alters the response properties of neurons in the caudal mesopallium (CM), an avian analog of mammalian auditory cortex, in European starlings. Compared with awake, passive listening, active engagement of subjects in an auditory recognition task results in neurons responding to fewer song stimuli and a decrease in the trial-to-trial variability in their driven firing rates. Mean firing rates also change during active recognition, but not uniformly. Relative to nonengaged listening, active recognition causes increases in the driven firing rates in some neurons, decreases in other neurons, and stimulus-specific changes in other neurons. These changes lead to both an increase in stimulus selectivity and an increase in the information conveyed by the neurons about the animals' behavioral task. This study demonstrates the behavioral dependence of neural responses in the avian auditory forebrain and introduces the starling as a model for real-time monitoring of task-related neural processing of complex auditory objects.

Parrots and Starlings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher GoGwilt ◽  
Melanie D. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Word Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Human Animal

This chapter introduces the sense in which “mocking birds” applies to a range of birds that mimic and introduces the different kinds of “technologies” (avian, human, interspecies, poetic, mechanic, etc.) variously addressed by the volume’s contributors. Taking the pairing of parrot and starling as paradigmatic across a range of different philological traditions, the introduction surveys some of the foundational theoretical and methodological problems for the human sciences presented by the topic of bird mimicry. The parrot, global sign of a long history of human-animal mimicry, appears everywhere across different linguistic and literary traditions, a familiar and exotic trope that is something of a touchstone for postcolonial studies. The starling adds to that familiar and exotic trope a complication of classification, cultural difference, and bio-diversity (including all the various mynah birds also called starlings). The foundational problems of bird and word classification posed by parrot and starling extend to the range of scientific, poetic, linguistic, and post-human issues discussed by the volume as a whole, whether addressing this bird, that bird, or even no bird at all.

From Organisms to World Society

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
World Society ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Sociology Of Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article proposes to analyze the idea of organism and other closely related ideas (function, differentiation, etc.) using a combination of semantic fields analysis from conceptual history and the notion of boundary objects from the sociology of scientific knowledge. By tackling a wide range of source material, the article charts the nomadic existence of organism and opens up new vistas for an integrated history of the natural and human sciences. First, the boundaries are less clear-cut between disciplines like biology and sociology than previously believed. Second, a long and transdisciplinary tradition of talking about organismic and societal systems in highly functionalist terms comes into view. Third, the approach shows that conceptions of a world society in Niklas Luhmann's variant are not semantic innovations of the late twentieth century. Rather, their history can be traced back to organicist sociology and its forgotten pioneers, especially Albert Schäffle or Guillaume de Greef, during the last decades of the nineteenth century.

Using morphology to infer physiology: case studies on rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Goldbogen ◽  
Robert E. Shadwick ◽  
Margo A. Lillie ◽  
Marina A. Piscitelli ◽  
Jean Potvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Wide Range

Whales are important model systems for understanding the physiological and ecological consequences of extreme body size. However, whales are also some of the most difficult animals to study because their large size precludes experimental studies under controlled conditions. Here we review a wide range of morphological studies that enable greater inference of physiological processes. In particular, we focus on baleen whales that exhibit extensive diving and foraging adaptations. Using morphological data, we (i) explore the biomechanics and sensory physiology of lunge-feeding rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae), (ii) determine the effects of scale and diving pressures on the circulatory physiology of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus (L., 1758)), and (iii) better understand the adaptations of the cetacean respiratory system that facilitate a fully aquatic life history. These studies underscore the value of understanding functional morphology in animals that cannot be studied using traditional laboratory techniques.

scholarly journals Spaces of cross-cultural encounter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Interactions

<p>The landscape of cultural relations in Aotearoa is complex and entangled. While academics and policy makers imagine Aotearoa as a multicultural society, there is a lack of understanding of how cultural diversity is lived every day in Aotearoa.  There is an emerging literature on the geographies of encounter. This encourages us to address the historical predicament of how we are to live together in increasingly super diverse communities by considering the existing everyday negotiations of difference. This thesis contributes to that literature by undertaking a case study of Newtown, Wellington, in order to: 1) understand where Newtown residents and employees experience cross-cultural social interactions; and 2) what type of places help encourage positive cross-cultural interactions. Through this I explore how cross-cultural encounters and exchanges might be encouraged.  Q-methodology was used to investigate locations of cross-cultural social interactions, I conducted and analysed 23 Q-sorts with Newtown, Wellington residents and local employees. I argue that places of cross-cultural encounter take many forms. The identification of these places is closely linked to participants’ characteristics, such as socioeconomic position, and age. The participants in this study represent diverse Newtown. They have diverse socialising practices and identify a wide range of positive places for cross-cultural interactions. In conjunction with this people understand and experience encounters with cultural diversity differently. I argue that an encounter across cultural difference is not limited to an explicit interaction but can also be through the sharing of space and engagement in similar activities. I also argue for the importance of space in cross-cultural encounters; certain spatial and material qualities of spaces appear to animate cross-cultural social interaction.  This research argues that: engagement in cross-cultural interactions is often mediated by other identifiers, that everyday multiculturalism is demographically complex, and that the materiality and spatially of spaces is effectual in animating these interactions.</p>

scholarly journals Shifting qualities of negative affective experience through adolescence: Age-related change and associations with functional outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Grisanzio ◽  
John Coleman Flournoy ◽  
Patrick Mair ◽  
Leah Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Affective Experience ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

Research shows negative affect increases in healthy adolescents, and this normative change is paralleled by increasing risk for the onset of psychopathology. However, research is limited in characterizing qualitative differences in the type of negative affect experienced beyond the positive-negative valence dimension. In the current study, we establish the relationship between different forms of negative affect and functioning outcomes (i.e., different facets of social functioning and life satisfaction), and examine whether these forms of negative affect are differentially prevalent across late childhood and adolescence. 770 participants aged 8-17 years completed self-report measures that assessed a wide range of negative affective experiences. A factor analysis on the negative affect items revealed a 4-factor solution that characterized the dimensions of affective experience, with factors reflecting general anxiety, anger, evaluative anxiety, and sadness. Generalized additive model approaches revealed general anxiety increased non-linearly with age and was associated with decreased reports of emotional support, a facet of social functioning. Anger was associated with increased perceived hostility, perceived rejection, and decreased life satisfaction, and remained stable across the age range. Evaluative anxiety was associated with greater loneliness and increased linearly with increasing age. Sadness was associated with all outcome measures and showed non-linear changes with age, with notable increases in mid-adolescence. These results show that subsuming these subtypes of negative affect under a singular concept may obscure meaningful relationships between affect, age, and functioning. Exploring diverse forms of negative affect may help refine theories of emotional development and ultimately inform windows of risk for psychopathology.

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