Tonal Orientation

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-202
Author(s):  
Megan Kaes Long
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Structural Levels

The balletto and canzonetta have highly regulated strophic sectional forms. Three characteristics of these forms facilitate tonal expectation: they are comprehensible, and can easily be segmented by a naïve listener, they are highly repetitive, facilitating statistical learning and directing listener attention toward higher structural levels, and they are predictable, both because they are repetitive and because they manipulate consistent generic norms. Together, these features equipped listeners to attend in meaningful ways to ever more remote relationships between dominant and tonic signposts. In turn, composers exploited the stability of form and tonal structure across the repertoire, manipulating formal norms to create meaning.

scholarly journals Measuring the Stability of Results From Supervised Statistical Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Philipp ◽  
Thomas Rusch ◽  
Kurt Hornik ◽  
Carolin Strobl
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
The Stability

STATISTICAL LEARNING WITH TIME-VARYING PARAMETERS

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce McGough
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Stability Parameter ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Rational Expectations Equilibrium ◽  
Varying Parameters ◽  
Time Varying Parameters ◽  
The Stability

In their landmark paper, Bray and Savin note that the constant-parameters model used by their agents to form expectations is misspecified and that, using standard econometric techniques, agents may be able to determine the time-varying nature of the model's parameters. Here, we consider the same type of model as employed by Bray and Savin except that our agents form expectations using a perceived model with parameters that vary with time. We assume agents use the Kalman filter to form estimates of these time-varying parameters. We find that, under certain restrictions on the structure of the stochastic process and on the value of the stability parameter, the model will converge to its rational expectations equilibrium. Further, the restrictions on the stability parameter required for convergence are identical to those found by Bray and Savin.

Clara Schumann, “Liebst du um Schönheit” (1841)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Parsons ◽  
Brenda Ravenscroft
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Tonal Structure ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Multiple Configurations

Schenker’s concept of interruption represents a vital link between tonal structure and thematic design. A close reading of Schenker’s presentation of the concept in Free Composition reveals that interruption may take many outward musical configurations that differ from the type mentioned in most textbooks, especially at levels closer to the foreground, proposing a flexible approach to interruption in the description of myriad foreground musical events. Clara Schumann’s “Liebst du um Schönheit,” op. 12, no. 4, features a multiply interrupted structure, where the general notion of interruption occurs in multiple configurations and at differing structural levels. The numerous incomplete linear progressions and striking harmonic events in this song emanate from the generic concept of interruption, and are closely related to the overall form and message of Rückert’s poem.

Effects of Polyphonic Context, Instrumentation, and Metrical Location on Syncopation in Music

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. G. Witek ◽  
Eric F. Clarke ◽  
Morten L. Kringelbach ◽  
Peter Vuust
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Metrical Structure ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Ecological Associations ◽  
The Stability

In music, the rhythms of different instruments are often syncopated against each other to create tension. Existing perceptual theories of syncopation cannot adequately model such kinds of syncopation since they assume monophony. This study investigates the effects of polyphonic context, instrumentation and metrical location on the salience of syncopations. Musicians and nonmusicians were asked to tap along to rhythmic patterns of a drum kit and rate their stability; in these patterns, syncopations occurred among different numbers of streams, with different instrumentation and at different metrical locations. The results revealed that the stability of syncopations depends on all these factors and music training, in variously interacting ways. It is proposed that listeners’ experiences of syncopations are shaped by polyphonic and instrumental configuration, metrical structure, and individual music training, and a number of possible mechanisms are considered, including the rhythms’ acoustic properties, ecological associations, statistical learning, and timbral differentiation.

scholarly journals Biophysical characterization of SARAH domain–mediated multimerization of Hippo pathway complexes in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (18) ◽  
pp. 6202-6213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Cairns ◽  
Angela Patterson ◽  
Kyler A. Weingartner ◽  
T. J. Koehler ◽  
Daniel R. DeAngelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Pulldown Assay ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Structural Levels

Hippo pathway signaling limits cell growth and proliferation and maintains the stem-cell niche. These cellular events result from the coordinated activity of a core kinase cassette that is regulated, in part, by interactions involving Hippo, Salvador, and dRassF. These interactions are mediated by a conserved coiled-coil domain, termed SARAH, in each of these proteins. SARAH domain–mediated homodimerization of Hippo kinase leads to autophosphorylation and activation. Paradoxically, SARAH domain–mediated heterodimerization between Hippo and Salvador enhances Hippo kinase activity in cells, whereas complex formation with dRassF inhibits it. To better understand the mechanism by which each complex distinctly modulates Hippo kinase and pathway activity, here we biophysically characterized the entire suite of SARAH domain–mediated complexes. We purified the three SARAH domains from Drosophila melanogaster and performed an unbiased pulldown assay to identify all possible interactions, revealing that isolated SARAH domains are sufficient to recapitulate the cellular assemblies and that Hippo is a universal binding partner. Additionally, we found that the Salvador SARAH domain homodimerizes and demonstrate that this interaction is conserved in Salvador's mammalian homolog. Using native MS, we show that each of these complexes is dimeric in solution. We also measured the stability of each SARAH domain complex, finding that despite similarities at both the sequence and structural levels, SARAH domain complexes differ in stability. The identity, stoichiometry, and stability of these interactions characterized here comprehensively reveal the nature of SARAH domain–mediated complex formation and provide mechanistic insights into how SARAH domain–mediated interactions influence Hippo pathway activity.

Open discussion

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

Symmetric Multistep Methods Revisited: II. Numerical Experiments

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Multistep Methods ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Implicit Methods ◽  
Symmetric Methods ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Predictor Corrector ◽  
Symmetric Multistep Methods ◽  
Integration Errors

AbstractBy using the stability condition and general formulas developed by Fukushima (1998 = Paper I) we discovered that, just as in the case of the explicit symmetric multistep methods (Quinlan and Tremaine, 1990), when integrating orbital motions of celestial bodies, the implicit symmetric multistep methods used in the predictor-corrector manner lead to integration errors in position which grow linearly with the integration time if the stepsizes adopted are sufficiently small and if the number of corrections is sufficiently large, say two or three. We confirmed also that the symmetric methods (explicit or implicit) would produce the stepsize-dependent instabilities/resonances, which was discovered by A. Toomre in 1991 and confirmed by G.D. Quinlan for some high order explicit methods. Although the implicit methods require twice or more computational time for the same stepsize than the explicit symmetric ones do, they seem to be preferable since they reduce these undesirable features significantly.

Uniformity of Magnification from Different Electron Microscopes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
V. Williams ◽  
V. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Stability

The method demonstrated is an adaptation of a proven procedure for accurately determining the magnification of light photomicrographs. Because of the stability of modern electrical lenses, the method is shown to be directly applicable for providing precise reproducibility of magnification in various models of electron microscopes.A readily recognizable area of a carbon replica of a crossed-line diffraction grating is used as a standard. The same area of the standard was photographed in Phillips EM 200, Hitachi HU-11B2, and RCA EMU 3F electron microscopes at taps representative of the range of magnification of each. Negatives from one microscope were selected as guides and printed at convenient magnifications; then negatives from each of the other microscopes were projected to register with these prints. By deferring measurement to the print rather than comparing negatives, correspondence of magnification of the specimen in the three microscopes could be brought to within 2%.

Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
E. R. Kimmel ◽  
H. L. Anthony ◽  
W. Scheithauer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

An Analysis of Dissociation of Molecules in a High Resolution Electron Microscope

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
Mihir Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Molecular Film ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Dissociation Cross Section ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
The Stability

It is well known that the resolution of bio-molecules in a high resolution electron microscope depends not just on the physical resolving power of the instrument, but also on the stability of these molecules under the electron beam. Experimentally, the damage to the bio-molecules is commo ly monitored by the decrease in the intensity of the diffraction pattern, or more quantitatively by the decrease in the peaks of an energy loss spectrum. In the latter case the exposure, EC, to decrease the peak intensity from IO to I’O can be related to the molecular dissociation cross-section, σD, by EC = ℓn(IO /I’O) /ℓD. Qu ntitative data on damage cross-sections are just being reported, However, the microscopist needs to know the explicit dependence of damage on: (1) the molecular properties, (2) the density and characteristics of the molecular film and that of the support film, if any, (3) the temperature of the molecular film and (4) certain characteristics of the electron microscope used

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