Innovation Policy for the Commons

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
Jason Potts
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Private Ordering ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Policy Guidance

Chapter 8 examines the implications of the private-ordering institutional perspective on the origin of innovation for innovation policy. It addresses the question of what innovation policy should look like based on the theory of innovation commons, proposing an institutional framework of new innovation policy coming from civil society as much as from government. It examines how the quality of the innovation commons shapes the prospects of an innovation trajectory. It is critical of innovation policy that ignores institutional context, offering policy guidance based on institutional design principles, or a framework of “rules as policy.” The chapter views the fundamental policy problem as addressing discovery failure. It develops the comparative institutional approach to innovation policy using the institutional possibility frontier approach.

It Takes a Village: Civil Society Regulation of Employment Standards for Temporary Migrant Workers in Australian Horticulture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Clibborn
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
System Level ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
State Employment ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Migrant Farm

How can civil society actors address regulatory deficiencies in complex systems? The challenge of regulating employment standards in non-unionised industries is shared by many developed countries. In industries like horticulture, violation of minimum employment standards for vulnerable temporary migrant workers is widespread and state employment regulators struggle to enforce laws. This article examines the challenge at a system level incorporating a range of civil society stakeholders. It conceptualises a regional town and its surrounding horticulture-dependent economy and society as a complex system in which stakeholders face the challenge of reputational damage among temporary migrant farm workers, threatening future labour supply. This ‘tragedy of the commons’ was created by some stakeholders acting solely in their individual interests by underpaying and otherwise mistreating the workers. Using a qualitative approach including 30 interviews, focusing on a single farming region in Queensland, Australia, this article identifies the conditions in which civil society stakeholders in a horticulture system regulate employment standards through orienting and connecting with one another to advance both individual and shared interests.

scholarly journals Brazilian nonprofit organizations and the new legal framework: an institutional perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (spe) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Aquino Alves ◽  
Natália Massaco Koga
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Organizational Inertia ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of the new Brazilian legislation regulating partnerships between the State and Civil Society (Nonprofit) Organizations between 1999 and 2002. The passing of Law No. 9790/99 - known as the Nonprofit Law - created the legal concept of Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público - OSCIPs (Public Interest Civil Society Organizations). Based on an exploratory survey, this study, using the Institutional Theory, allowed the analysis of how older organizations (NGOs and traditional social benefit organizations) resisted to the adoption of the OSCIP standard due to organizational inertia, while acceptance of the model was greater among younger organizations, in a clear coercive and normative isomorphic development.

How do beliefs and institutional context influence the portability of political and civil society behaviours among New Zealand return migrants?

2019 ◽  
pp. 144078331988829
Author(s):  
Louise Humpage
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Home Context ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
History Narratives

Qualitative life-history narratives investigating the portability of political and civil society beliefs/behaviours of 42 New Zealand returnees help us to understand why some citizens engage in political and civil society activities while living overseas and on return. Personal beliefs such as civic duty, rights and self-interest are strongly associated with the portability of political and civil society behaviours. Yet findings also support theories of exposure, indicating that political/civil society learning can occur across the ‘migration life course’ and challenge resistance theory arguments that a break in participation inhibits political engagement later in life. Although civil society engagement is shaped more by self-interest than altruism overall, most returnees failed to volunteer as a way of better integrating on their return as many had overseas. Thus, the ‘ home’ context can inhibit citizenship engagement, reducing the benefits New Zealand could reap from exposure to new ideas, places and people while overseas.

scholarly journals Alianza estado-sociedad C=civil: Debates y desafíos en la co-gestión de políticas de inclusión educativa en Uruguay y Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Andres Peregalli
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Bridge Programs ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Management Paradigms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Educational Inclusion

In Latin America different policies sustained in State-Civil Society alliances are implemented in order to warrant the right to education in marginalized sectors. Uruguay and Argentina carry out “bridge” programs and “completion” plans for adolescents, youngsters and adults to enter, re-enter or finish Medium Level Studies. I compare the characteristics of the alliance State-Civil Society in the co-management of the “Aulas Comunitarias” (Communitarian Classrooms) Program (PAC, Uruguay, 2007) and the “Plan de Finalización de Estudios Secundarios para Jóvenes y Adultos” (Finalization of Secondary Studies for youngsters and adults Plan) (FinEs 2, Argentina, 2008), aiming to understand their contributions to the processes of educational inclusion, as well as their limits. I analyze their genesis, political-institutional design/ways of organization and form of co-management contemplating: a) political-institutional approach to analyze public policy, b) Neo-institutionalism: sociopolitical as well as organizational and historic, c) co-management, d) educational management (paradigms: administrative and strategic). I implement a qualitative methodology, selecting co-management (as performed until December, 2015) as the unit of analysis. The findings show that PAC y FinEs 2 warrant the right to education supported by the attachment of several actors and sectors to their objectives. The quality of the contribution of alliances differs according the political-institutional design, kind of organization and forms of co-management: PAC shows a strategic co-management and FinEs 2 and administrative co-management.

scholarly journals “New Public Policy” As an Example of Pro-Innovation Policy – The Neo-Institutional Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Leszek Kwieciński
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
New Public ◽  
Functional Part

Abstract This article presents the main elements of the creation of the pro-innovation policy as a new public policy. For understanding this kind of policy we should analyse the structural and functional aspects this public policy. The main concept of structural description pro-innovation policy is a National Innovation System. NIS is being analysed as a sub-functional part of the political system as a whole. This sub-functional political system should also have social and institutional connections. Furthermore, pro-innovation activity is connected with the market, state, and social aspects. The pro-innovation policy and system must be based on social endogenous resources, needs, and possibilities. These are the basic factors for legitimisation and participation, which are crucial elements for the effective implementation of the pro-innovation policy.

Determinants of health and education equality: evidence from post-Soviet states

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Vito Panaro
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Regime Types

PurposeThis article examines the determinants of social equality in the education and healthcare sectors in the 15 post-Soviet states. Focussing on regime type and civil society organisations (CSOs), it argues that countries where liberal principles of democracy are achieved or have a stronger civil society deliver a more equitable social policy.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis rests upon a time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) analysis from 1992 to 2019. Data are collected from the Quality of Government (QoG) Dataset 2020 and the Variates of Democracy (V-DEM) Dataset 2020.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that while regime type only partially accounts for social equality, as electoral autocracies do not have more equitable social policy than close regime types and democracy weakly explains equality levels, the strength of CSOs is associated with more equality.Originality/valueThe article challenges dominant approaches that consider electoral democracy to be related to more equal social policy and demonstrates that de-facto free and fair elections do not impinge on social equality, while the strength of liberal and civil liberties and CSOs correlate with more equitable social policy.

The Political-Military Organizations and the Emergence of Mass-Based Grassroots Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-56
Author(s):  
Manal A. Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines how patterns of socio-political organizing diverged in the Palestinian and Salvadoran cases during the beginning of their respective conflicttopeace transitions. Departing from explanations that focus on the professionalization of mass-based organizations, the author explains how the domestic political contexts shaped the mediating role of Western donor funding. More specifically, the book argues the that “inclusivity” of political settlements (assessed by the extent of participation of major political groups and the degree of societal support) shaped the relative effectiveness of democracy promotion efforts and the impact of Western donor assistance on civil society and democratic development more generally. This chapter also explains how civil society is being addressed in the book and the methodology employed, which is a structured, focused comparison that is historically sensitive but conducive to generalizing across cases. It also explains how the quality of civil society and democratic development are assessed, and why the women’s sectors were chosen to examine these developments. It concludes with an outline of the remaining chapters of the book.

Kerangka Kebijakan Sosio-Budaya Menuju Pertanian 2025 ke Arah Pertanian Pedesaan Berdaya Saing Tinggi, Berkeadilan dan Berkelanjutan

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tri Pranadji
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Development Orientation

<strong>English</strong><br />The condition of rural agriculture recently facing some big problems in particular the weakness of social capital, poverty and environmental degradation which are progressively on large scale. Vision of agricultural development 2025 is sustaining rural welfare which is characterized by highly competitive, equity and sustainable. One of very important agricultural policies is how to improve rural socio-culture regarding to most of rural people good opportunity in higher level of quality of life. Therefore, agricultural development 2025 will strongly require a comprehensive framework of socio-culture policy. There are five primary elements of socio-culture which must be developed in agricultural development 2025, that are human competency (or high quality of human capital), strong local leadership, value system, health agribusiness organization (and management) at village level, and equal social structure (being based on agrarian resources domination). It is highly recommend that framework of socio-culture policy is constructed by combination between time reference of change and level of society in one side, and elements of socio-culture which are being transformed in the other side. Social capital, such as  rural law enforcement and governmental decentralization at rural level, have to be considered as the key to success in achieving rural community welfare. Some important aspects which must be paid attention to arrange good condition for running agriculture vision 2025 are to shift development orientation (from urban bias of non-agricultural resources based and footloose industrialization) toward rural industrialization base on local natural and human resources; agrarian reform base; strengthening of social control based on civil society; harmonization of partnership among government, rural-agricultural economic actors and community; and political arrangement which farmers have higher influence in political decision.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pertanian pedesaan saat ini masih menghadapi tiga masalah besar, yaitu lemahnya modal sosial, kemiskinan dan kerusakan sumberdaya pertanian yang semakin membesar. Visi pembangunan pertanian 2025 yang sesuai adalah pertanian pedesaan yang berdaya saing tinggi, berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu kebijakan pembangunan pertanian yang penting adalah kebijakan pemberdayaan sosio-budaya pedesaan. Oleh karena itu pembangunan pertanian 2025 membutuhkan kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya yang komprehensif. Ada lima elemen sosio-budaya utama yang harus dikembangkan, yaitu: kompetensi SDM, kepemimpinan lokal, tata nilai, keorganisasian (dan manajemen) usaha tingkat desa dan struktur sosial (berbasis penguasaan sumberdaya agraria). Kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya mengacu pada kombinasi antara tingkat masyarakat dan jangka waktu di satu sisi, dan elemen sosio-budaya yang ditransformasikan di sisi lain. Modal sosial, seperti penegakan sistem hukum pedesaan dan desentralisasi pemerintahan hingga tingkat desa, harus dianggap sebagai kunci sukses pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat pertanian pedesaan berkelanjutan. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengkondisikan visi pertanian 2025 terwujud, yaitu: perlunya mengubah orientasi pembangunan (dari industrialisasi non-pertanian yang footloose dan bias kota) menjadi yang memihak pada industrialisasi pedesaan berbasis pertanian dan perbaikan sumberdaya agraria di pedesaan; pentingnya reformasi keagrariaan; pengembangan kekuatan kontrol masyarakat madani (civil society); sinergi (harmonis) atau partnership antara pemerintah, pelaku usaha pertanian di pedesaan dan masyarakat lokal; dan tatanan politik yang memberi posisi layak bagi petani pedesaan.

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