Kerangka Kebijakan Sosio-Budaya Menuju Pertanian 2025 ke Arah Pertanian Pedesaan Berdaya Saing Tinggi, Berkeadilan dan Berkelanjutan

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tri Pranadji
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Development Orientation

<strong>English</strong><br />The condition of rural agriculture recently facing some big problems in particular the weakness of social capital, poverty and environmental degradation which are progressively on large scale. Vision of agricultural development 2025 is sustaining rural welfare which is characterized by highly competitive, equity and sustainable. One of very important agricultural policies is how to improve rural socio-culture regarding to most of rural people good opportunity in higher level of quality of life. Therefore, agricultural development 2025 will strongly require a comprehensive framework of socio-culture policy. There are five primary elements of socio-culture which must be developed in agricultural development 2025, that are human competency (or high quality of human capital), strong local leadership, value system, health agribusiness organization (and management) at village level, and equal social structure (being based on agrarian resources domination). It is highly recommend that framework of socio-culture policy is constructed by combination between time reference of change and level of society in one side, and elements of socio-culture which are being transformed in the other side. Social capital, such as  rural law enforcement and governmental decentralization at rural level, have to be considered as the key to success in achieving rural community welfare. Some important aspects which must be paid attention to arrange good condition for running agriculture vision 2025 are to shift development orientation (from urban bias of non-agricultural resources based and footloose industrialization) toward rural industrialization base on local natural and human resources; agrarian reform base; strengthening of social control based on civil society; harmonization of partnership among government, rural-agricultural economic actors and community; and political arrangement which farmers have higher influence in political decision.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pertanian pedesaan saat ini masih menghadapi tiga masalah besar, yaitu lemahnya modal sosial, kemiskinan dan kerusakan sumberdaya pertanian yang semakin membesar. Visi pembangunan pertanian 2025 yang sesuai adalah pertanian pedesaan yang berdaya saing tinggi, berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu kebijakan pembangunan pertanian yang penting adalah kebijakan pemberdayaan sosio-budaya pedesaan. Oleh karena itu pembangunan pertanian 2025 membutuhkan kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya yang komprehensif. Ada lima elemen sosio-budaya utama yang harus dikembangkan, yaitu: kompetensi SDM, kepemimpinan lokal, tata nilai, keorganisasian (dan manajemen) usaha tingkat desa dan struktur sosial (berbasis penguasaan sumberdaya agraria). Kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya mengacu pada kombinasi antara tingkat masyarakat dan jangka waktu di satu sisi, dan elemen sosio-budaya yang ditransformasikan di sisi lain. Modal sosial, seperti penegakan sistem hukum pedesaan dan desentralisasi pemerintahan hingga tingkat desa, harus dianggap sebagai kunci sukses pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat pertanian pedesaan berkelanjutan. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengkondisikan visi pertanian 2025 terwujud, yaitu: perlunya mengubah orientasi pembangunan (dari industrialisasi non-pertanian yang footloose dan bias kota) menjadi yang memihak pada industrialisasi pedesaan berbasis pertanian dan perbaikan sumberdaya agraria di pedesaan; pentingnya reformasi keagrariaan; pengembangan kekuatan kontrol masyarakat madani (civil society); sinergi (harmonis) atau partnership antara pemerintah, pelaku usaha pertanian di pedesaan dan masyarakat lokal; dan tatanan politik yang memberi posisi layak bagi petani pedesaan.

scholarly journals Civil Society Engagement and Policy Representation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1648-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rasmussen ◽  
Stefanie Reher
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Representation ◽  
High Level

Since Tocqueville linked the quality of democracy in America to its vibrant civic culture, studies have explored the relationship between social capital and the quality of governance. Yet, few have examined the mechanisms between individual components of social capital and democracy in depth. This study focuses on the link between one component of social capital, civil society engagement, and the linkage between public opinion and policy. It argues that engagement in associations with an interest in the policy issue may stimulate correspondence between public opinion and policy through their ability to collect and disseminate information to policy makers and the public. The analysis of 20 specific policy issues from 30 European countries confirms these expectations: Issues that experience a high level of associational engagement display a stronger relationship between public opinion and policy. The findings underline the role civil society organizations can play in policy representation beyond engaging in interest advocacy.

scholarly journals Biochemical Analysis Of Some Dried Sis Fishes Of The River Padma In Rajshahi

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Sultana ◽  
Selina Parween ◽  
M Altaf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Mystus Vittatus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris ◽  
Better Than

Seven different species viz. Chanda baculis, Chanda ranga, Amblypharyngodon mola, Oxygaster bacaila, Clupisoma atherinoides, Corica soborna, Mystus vittatus and a group of mixed SIS fishes viz. Mastacembelus pancalus, Xenntodon cancila, Chanda baculis and Glossogobius giuris were used for preparation of dust which can be preserved for a time period. The fishes were sun dried or oven dried, which are also method of preservation. Quality of the oven-dried fish was better than that of the sun-dried fish, but sun-drying process is easy and can be used in large scale. The fish powder remained in good condition for 7-9 months at normal room temperature, but at -18°C the powder was in good condition throughout the year. Highest quantity of powder from 1 kg of fish was obtained in case of the mixed species as 24.61% and the lowest in O. bacaila which was 20.52%. Biochemical analysis showed that the maximum calcium content was found as 1.34% in M. vittatus and minimum was 0.80% in mixed SIS fishes. Maximum phosphorus content was 2.90% in C. ranga and minimum was 1.72% in C. soborna. Maximum iron content was found as 45.20 mg/100g in mixed SIS fishes and minimum was found as 16.85 mg/100g in O. bacaila. The maximum moisture content was found in C. ranga (13.50%) and the minimum in mixed SIS fishes (11.65%). The maximum protein content was recorded in the mixed SIS fishes (72.45%) and the minimum in C. ranga (52.65%). The experiment was replicated three times and conducted from July 2005 to July 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9719 JLES 2011 6: 39-43

scholarly journals How Social Capital Affects the Quality Performance of Agricultural Products: Evidence from a Binary Perspective of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3009
Author(s):  
Shaoling Fu ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Kim Tan ◽  
Yuanzhu Zhan ◽  
Yalan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Positive Effect

Improving the quality of agricultural products is the key factor in promoting agricultural development in the Belt and Road program. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between social capital and performance, the findings are inconsistent. Moreover, the mechanism of how social capital affects the quality performance of agricultural products remains unclear. Accordingly, this study developed a theoretical model with propositions from a social capital-quality performance of agricultural products paradigm for examining and comparing the three dimensions of social capital: The relationships among cognitive (measured by shared values), relational (measured by reciprocity) and structural (measured by communication), and their role in ensuring quality performance of agricultural products from the company and farmer perspectives. This study selected the companies and farmers in “A company + farmers” model. The data analysis is based on a sample of 184 companies and 414 farmers. The results show that shared values and communication have a significant positive effect on reciprocity. In terms of the influence on reciprocity, communication is higher than shared values from both the corporate and farmer perspectives. The three dimensions of social capital have different effects on quality performance of agricultural products. On the company side, communication and reciprocity in social capital have a significant positive effect on the quality performance of agricultural products, with the order of effect being communication first followed by reciprocity. On the farmer side, reciprocity and shared values have a significant positive effect on the quality performance of agricultural products, with the order of effect being reciprocity first followed by shared values. These findings have positive theoretical and practical significance for companies and farmers aiming to improve the quality of agricultural products.

scholarly journals ROLE OF TRUST IN KAZAKHSTAN SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Atabayeva ◽  
◽  
G.O. Abdikerova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social

Trust is the basis of self-knowledge and the realization of a person in a complex system of social relations. Therefore, it is necessary that all people understand the essence of this phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to reveal the potentials of trust as a social phenomenon, and to substantiate its role in improving the quality of social relations in Kazakhstani society. The main problem is the insufficiently high level of trust among people in the interpersonal and institutional aspects. Problems arise due to the low level of development of civic values, and the emergence of behavioral patterns that do not comply with the social norms of civil society. Trusting relationships between social actors can develop by improving the basic aspects of successful socialization in the process of creating a competitive nation, such as education, healthcare, culture and social Security. The main tasks of the problem under study are directly related to the disclosure of the essence of social trust, its role in harmonizing social and social relations, in improving the social capital of modern Kazakhstan. Studies of foreign and domestic scientists allow us to understand the conceptual foundations of trust, the interaction strategy of social groups, the prospects for the development of civil society, as well as the features and specifics of the social capital of modern societies, models of civil behavior of the population. Trust plays an important role in building a civil society, is its main institution, as well as the main component of social capital and effective social relations. Today, quality information is reflected in the human mind and affects its social behavior. Therefore, great attention must be paid to the quality of the information provided, and their usefulness to citizens. Types of trust are also characterized by the quality of social relations. The study of trust in modern society is primarily due to the need to disclose its potential resources; secondly, the substantiation of its important role as a structural element of interpersonal and institutional social relations of a particular society. The need to reduce poverty growth in society, distrust and social risks are important challenges facing modern societies

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND SOILS of LVIV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinovy Pankiv ◽  
Andrii Kyrylchuk ◽  
Oksana Bonishko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
The Real ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Land Assessment

The basis of agricultural land assessment (soil rating, economic land assessment, normative monetary assessment of land) is the properties of agricultural soil groups (141 agricultural groups) within 11 natural-agricultural districts of Lviv region. The structure of the soil cover of Lviv region is dominated by sod-podzolic soils (17.9%), brown soils, mountain-forest (14.0%), dark gray podzolic soils (12.1%). Typical low-humus black soils (78.6%), podzolic black soils (75.2%), and black-meadow soils (66.9%) are characterized by the highest indicators of agricultural development. Quite significant agricultural development, due to large-scale drainage reclamation, is characterized by hydromorphic soils: meadow-swamp (94.7%), swamp (84.2%), peat-swamp (82.5%), lowland peatlands (72.1). The most significant disadvantage of rating is the use of outdated information about natural and acquired soil properties, which do not correspond to the current state, do not reflect the quality of soils. In order to improve land assessment indicators, it is advisable to conduct soil research on all land plots. The weighted average rating of soil quality of agricultural lands of the region is 26 and has significant fluctuations in terms of natural-agricultural areas (NAA): 48 points for Zolochiv and 10 for Turkiv, which is due to the structure of agricultural groups in these areas and their diagnostic indicators. Dark gray podzolic and degraded, black soil podzolic and slightly degraded (75 points) and black soil crushed on the eluvium of dense carbonate rocks (76 points) have the highest rating of arable agricultural groups in Lviv region. Economic assessment of land was carried out in the conditions of the collective farm-state farm system of land use at approximately the same cost per unit of production and therefore in modern conditions of diversity of agricultural entities they do not reflect the real situation and require significant improvement. The introduction of land reform in Ukraine has facilitated the monetary assessment of lands, which is determined by their location within a certain NAA, the composition of lands and the rating scores of the quality of agricultural groups of soils within them. The highest cost of arable land in Borshchovytskyi and Zolochivskyi NAA districts (56.3 thousand UAH and 61.6 thousand UAH per 1 ha, respectively) (agro-group 100 d, e). UAH The highest cost of hayfields in Zolochiv SSR district - 20.3 thousand UAH per 1 hectare (agrogroup 133d) The highest value of 1 hectare of pastures in Sambir-Zhydachiv NAA district - 16.7 thousand UAH (agrogroup 18c). Given the complexity and high cost of large-scale soil surveys within the state, it is advisable to conduct soil research on all land plots involved in civil relations (lease, sale, mortgage, gift, inheritance, mine), which will establish the real state of soil cover within their limits, calculate real assessment and, in the future, update information on the main means of labor in agriculture and forestry. Key words: soil resources, agrogroups, natural-agricultural areas, rating of agrogroups, normative monetary assessment of soils.

scholarly journals Pola Komunikasi dalam Pengembangan Modal Manusia dan Sosial Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Retno Sri Hartati Mulyandari ◽  
Sumardjo Sumardjo ◽  
Nurmala K. Pandjaitan ◽  
Djuara P. Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Development ◽  
Personal Relationships

<strong>English</strong><br />This paper aims to analyze the high quality of agricultural human capital and social indicators in improving the performance of national development and to formulate their communication patterns to support capacity building of human and social capital of agriculture in every line of agricultural development. The lack of agricultural human capital and social capital capacity is one of the constraints causing the accessibility limitation for Indonesian agriculture to face the global competition. The low farmer’s education attainment has caused a low capacity of farmers to manage information and to adopt new technology resulting the low products quality. At the extension level, the shortage number and quality of the extension workers has also contributed to that situation. Beside low of basic capability, most of the extension workers do not have adequate mental capacity, especially related to integrity, communication skills, and moral and ethical capacity. At the policy maker’s level, many local government institutions have no capacity to mapping agricultural resources along with their capability to make use of the available resources. With the high technical ability, agricultural human resource as a capital resource and as a social resource should have shared values and rules that expressed through personal relationships, trust, and common sense about the community responsibilities. To strengthen agricultural sector In supporting national development, agricultural sector need appropriate communication patterns for agricultural human resource improvement at each level of agricultural development. Such communication pattern should be based on the convergent-interaction communication through knowledge sharing model. This model is appropriate for both agricultural personnel and for farmers. Through active role of various institutions within the Ministry of Agriculture and with the help of modern information technology, a network to reach farmers could be achieved. The extension workers or village facilitators are required in the development of agricultural community because of its important function as problem analyst, group supervisor, trainers, innovators, and liaison officers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis indikator modal manusia dan sosial pertanian yang berkualitas dalam meningkatkan kinerja pembangunan nasional, dan merumuskan pola komunikasi untuk mendukung peningkatan kapasitas modal manusia dan sosial pertanian di setiap lini pembangunan pertanian. Keterbatasan kapasitas modal manusia dan sosial pertanian merupakan salah satu penyebab kurang mampunya pertanian Indonesia dalam menghadapi persaingan global. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan petani menyebabkan kemampuan dalam mengolah informasi dan mengadopsi teknologi relatif sangat terbatas sehingga menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas rendah. Pada tingkat penyuluh, ketersediaannya di lapangan juga sangat terbatas jumlah dan kualitasnya. Selain kemampuan dasar yang masih rendah, sebagian besar penyuluh juga belum memiliki kapasitas mental yang memadai, khususnya terkait dengan integritas, kemampuannya dalam berkomunikasi, serta kapasitas moral dan etika. Sedangkan di tingkat pengambil kebijakan, masih banyak instansi daerah yang belum mampu memetakan sumber daya pertanian di daerah secara komprehensif dan memiliki kecermatan dalam membuat konsep pemanfaatannya. Selain memiliki kemampuan teknis yang tinggi, SDM pertanian sebagai modal manusia dan sosial pertanian juga harus memiliki dan berbagi nilai (shared values) serta pengorganisasian peran-peran (rules) yang diekspresikan dalam hubungan-hubungan personal (personal relationships), kepercayaan (trust), dan common sense tentang tanggung jawab komunitas (bersama). Agar sektor pertanian semakin kuat dalam mendukung pembangunan nasional, diperlukan pola komunikasi yang tepat untuk mendukung peningkatan kapasitas SDM pertanian di setiap lini pembangunan pertanian. Pola komunikasi dalam peningkatan kapasitas SDM pertanian dalam konsep sebagai modal manusia dan sosial yang unggul mengacu pada pola komunikasi interaksional konvergen melalui model berbagi pengetahuan (knowledge sharing model). Model ini tidak hanya sesuai untuk SDM dalam kategori aparatur pertanian, namun juga sesuai untuk petani. Peran aktif berbagai institusi dalam lingkup Departemen Pertanian yang diintegrasikan dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi, upaya untuk mewujudkan jaringan informasi bidang pertanian sampai di tingkat petani dapat diwujudkan. Fasilitator atau pendamping, khususnya penyuluh pertanian sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengembangan masyarakat karena mempunyai fungsi sebagai analis masalah, pembimbing kelompok, pelatih, inovator, dan penghubung.

scholarly journals VISITOR SATISFACTION ATTENDING FESTIVAL IN BALI: CASE OF SANUR VILLAGE FESTIVAL 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Dewi Hendriyani
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Tourism Attractions

Festivals or special events have been one of the fastest developing tourism attractions in many countries. Bali as tourism destination have many activities on tourism event such as festivals or special events to attract more tourists to come every year. Sanur Village Festival (SVF) declared by the government as one of the top ten national tourism event in Indonesia. SVF is an annual event since 2006. Its community event founded by Sanur Development Foundation (YPS) which is a combination of several large-scale activities involving food festival, creative economy exhibition, various contests and competitions, art and cultural attractions, music as well as various types of environmentally-friendly activities. Quality of  activities and service on an event is dynamic conditions that relate to fullfill the visitors expectation. In tourism event, quality of activities and service becomes success parameter as indication of satisfaction. The aim of these research is to know the visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case study of SVF 2018.  Sample of the research is visitors of SVF 2018 during period 22-26 August 2018 with total 135 respondents. The method of this research is quantitative method with analysis factor confirmatory using SPSS. Using teory from Crompton (2003) there are six factors and twenty six variables that were observed. The factors and variables  are convenience value (F1) through five variables, service value (F2) through six variabels, perceived price (F3) through four variables, aesthetic value (F4) through four variables, playful value (F5) through four variables and social value (F5) through three variables. Finding in this research about visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case of SVF 2018 is in good condition according to the guest overall comments. The leading factor and variable are playfull value (F5) and X21 (enjoyable). The strategic implication that should be done by management of  SVF or Sanur Development Foundation to the result of reserach is to maintain what has been good and improve which one is unfavourable by make evaluation and standarization of work for all vendors/ suppliers that supported the festival.Festivals or special events have been one of the fastest developing tourism attractions in many countries. Bali as tourism destination have many activities on tourism event such as festivals or special events to attract more tourists to come every year. Sanur Village Festival (SVF) declared by the government as one of the top ten national tourism event in Indonesia. SVF is an annual event since 2006. Its community event founded by Sanur Development Foundation (YPS) which is a combination of several large-scale activities involving food festival, creative economy exhibition, various contests and competitions, art and cultural attractions, music as well as various types of environmentally-friendly activities. Quality of  activities and service on an event is dynamic conditions that relate to fullfill the visitors expectation. In tourism event, quality of activities and service becomes success parameter as indication of satisfaction. The aim of these research is to know the visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case study of SVF 2018.  Sample of the research is visitors of SVF 2018 during period 22-26 August 2018 with total 135 respondents. The method of this research is quantitative method with analysis factor confirmatory using SPSS. Using teory from Crompton (2003) there are six factors and twenty six variables that were observed. The factors and variables  are convenience value (F1) through five variables, service value (F2) through six variabels, perceived price (F3) through four variables, aesthetic value (F4) through four variables, playful value (F5) through four variables and social value (F5) through three variables. Finding in this research about visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case of SVF 2018 is in good condition according to the guest overall comments. The leading factor and variable are playfull value (F5) and X21 (enjoyable). The strategic implication that should be done by management of  SVF or Sanur Development Foundation to the result of reserach is to maintain what has been good and improve which one is unfavourable by make evaluation and standarization of work for all vendors/ suppliers that supported the festival.

The Productive Ward Program™

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Bogaert ◽  
Danny Van heusden ◽  
Martijn Verspuy ◽  
Kristien Wouters ◽  
Stijn Slootmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practice Environment ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
Decision Latitude ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Quality Improvement Programs

Aim To investigate the impact of the quality improvement program “Productive Ward – Releasing Time to Care™” using nurses’ and midwives’ reports of practice environment, burnout, quality of care, job outcomes, as well as workload, decision latitude, social capital, and engagement. Background Despite the requirement for health systems to improve quality and the proliferation of quality improvement programs designed for healthcare, the empirical evidence supporting large-scale quality improvement programs impacting patient satisfaction, staff engagement, and quality care remains sparse. Method A longitudinal study was performed in a large 600-bed acute care university hospital at two measurement intervals for nurse practice environment, burnout, and quality of care and job outcomes and three measurement intervals for workload, decision latitude, social capital, and engagement between June 2011 and November 2014. Results Positive results were identified in practice environment, decision latitude, and social capital. Less favorable results were identified in relation to perceived workload, emotional exhaustion. and vigor. Moreover, measures of quality of care and job satisfaction were reported less favorably. Conclusion This study highlights the need to further understand how to implement large-scale quality improvement programs so that they integrate with daily practices and promote “quality improvement” as “business as usual.”

scholarly journals Środowiskowa praca socjalna na rzecz rozwoju społecznego

2016 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojtanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Environmental Social Work

The implementation of social work focus on implementation on the basis of three methods: working with individual case, group and community. While the first two methods are com-monly used in social work, the environmental social work is in the phase of implementation and development. In the era of economic development, new technologies and the growing needs of individual students man is not without significance is the need to build and integrate social environment. Social capital in translating the functioning of civil society is an important element of strength and quality of each community.

scholarly journals The Reconfiguration of Civil Society through Ethnic Communal Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Walter Frank Lalich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Community Capital

Migrant communities participate in the reconfiguration of civil society in places of settlement. Among the consequences of the large-scale culturally diverse postwar migration was in the regeneration, broadening and diversification of Australian civil society. This contribution outlines with unique data generated from ethnic communal organisations in Sydney the process of confluence of migration and civil society out of settlement constraints. Consecutive waves of migrants experienced settlement constraints that impaired the quality of their lives in a welfare state. Migrants, mostly left to themselves, acted collectively to improve the quality of their existence, to enable co-ethnic communication, and to mediate with the rest of society. They established thousands of grassroots organisations through collective mobilization of scarce resources. Many ethnic collectives through collective action appropriated their own communal places to satisfy spiritual, educational, welfare and other secular needs alongside the other forms of institutional development. Ethnic communal places, representatives of the re-territorialized cultures, heritages and elements of civil society, signify migrant inclusion in Australian social structures, including in civil society. Through development of community capital, ethnic collectives impacted on civil society in an environment experiencing limited cross-cultural social exchange. This development is representative of the unique structure of Australian civil society.

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