Groups, Interests, and Heuristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-46
Author(s):  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Linked Fate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Inequality

In this chapter, I lay out a heuristic theory of group membership and attitudes toward redistribution. I argue that the impact of ethnic and regional incomes on attitudes is mediated by a sense of linked fate, and that this relationship is stronger when levels of within-group inequality are lower, when economic uncertainty is higher, and when politicians raise the salience of the relevant cleavage. I also argue that federalism can, depending on the form it takes, increase or decrease the relevance of group incomes for redistributive attitudes.

Within-Group Inequality, Prediction, and the Value of Heuristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Regional Identity ◽  
Linked Fate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Correlation ◽  
Group Inequality

In this chapter, I argue that groups with greater within-group variation in income are less useful as predictors of future incomes for group members. This implies that members of groups with higher levels of within-group inequality should express lower levels of linked fate and display a lower correlation between the mean group income and attitudes toward redistribution. I test this argument by examining a survey of Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom, followed by a global sample from the World Values Survey. I close by returning to the three-country survey to show that within-region inequality does not seem to reduce regional identity.

scholarly journals Is a PD game still a dilemma for Japanese rural villagers? A field and laboratory comparison of the impact of social group membership on cooperation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLocal norms and shared beliefs in cohesive social groups regulate individual behavior in everyday economic life. I use a door-to-door field experiment where a hundred and twenty villagers recruited from twenty-three communities in a Japanese rural mountainous village play a simultaneous prisoner’s dilemma game. To examine whether a set of experiences shared through interactions among community members affect experimental behavior, I compare villagers’ behavior under in-community and out-community random matching protocols. I also report a counterpart laboratory experiment with seventy-two university student subjects to address the external validity of laboratory experiments. The findings are three-fold. First, almost full cooperation is achieved when villagers play a prisoner’s dilemma game with their anonymous community members. Second, cooperation is significantly higher within the in-group compared to the out-group treatment in both the laboratory and field experiments. Third, although a significant treatment effect of social group membership is preserved, a big difference in the average cooperation rates is observed between the laboratory and field.

Native language identification and writing proficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Kyle ◽  
Scott A. Crossley ◽  
YouJin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Identification ◽  
Writing Proficiency ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study evaluates the impact of writing proficiency on native language identification (NLI), a topic that has important implications for the generalizability of NLI models and detection-based arguments for cross-linguistic influence (Jarvis 2010, 2012; CLI). The study uses multinomial logistic regression to classify the first language (L1) group membership of essays at two proficiency levels based on systematic lexical and phrasal choices made by members of five L1 groups. The results indicate that lower proficiency essays are significantly easier to classify than higher proficiency essays, suggesting that lower proficiency writers make lexical and phrasal choices that are more similar to other lower proficiency writers that share an L1 than higher proficiency writers that share an L1. A close analysis of the findings also indicates that the relationship between NLI accuracy and proficiency differed across L1 groups.

Assessing the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey with a novel economic uncertainty index

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Mugaloglu ◽  
Ali Yavuz Polat ◽  
Hasan Tekin ◽  
Edanur Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Uncertainty Shocks ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Uncertainty Index ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to measure economic uncertainty in Turkey by a novel economic uncertainty index (EUI) employing principal component analysis (PCA). We assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey with our constructed uncertainty index.Design/methodology/approachIn order to obtain the EUI, this study employs a dimension reduction method of PCA using 14 macroeconomic indicators that spans from January 2011 to July 2020. The first principal component is picked as a proxy for the economic uncertainty in Turkey which explains 52% of total variation in entire sample. In the second part of our analysis, with our constructed EUI we conduct a structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) analysis simulating the Covid-19-induced uncertainty shock to the real economy.FindingsOur EUI sensitively detects important economic/political events in Turkey as well as Covid-19-induced uncertainty rising to extremely high levels during the outbreak. Our SVAR results imply a significant decline in economic activity and in the sub-indices as well. Namely, industrial production drops immediately by 8.2% and cumulative loss over 8 months will be 15% on average. The losses in the capital and intermediate goods are estimated to be 18 and 25% respectively. Forecast error variance decomposition results imply that uncertainty shocks preserve its explanatory power in the long run, and intermediate goods production is more vulnerable to uncertainty shocks than overall industrial production and capital goods production.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that monetary and fiscal policy should aim to decrease uncertainty during Covid-19. Moreover, since investment expenditures are affected severely during the outbreak, policymakers should impose investment subsidies.Originality/valueThis is the first study constructing a novel EUI which sensitively captures the critical economic/political events in Turkey. Moreover, we assess the impact of Covid-19-driven uncertainty on Turkish Economy with a SVAR model.

scholarly journals And now for something completely different? The impact of group membership on perceptions of creativity

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Adarves‐Yorno ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam ◽  
Tom Postmes
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Recommending teams promotes prosocial lending in online microfinance

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (52) ◽  
pp. 14944-14948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ai ◽  
Roy Chen ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qiaozhu Mei ◽  
Webb Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports the results of a large-scale field experiment designed to test the hypothesis that group membership can increase participation and prosocial lending for an online crowdlending community, Kiva. The experiment uses variations on a simple email manipulation to encourage Kiva members to join a lending team, testing which types of team recommendation emails are most likely to get members to join teams as well as the subsequent impact on lending. We find that emails do increase the likelihood that a lender joins a team, and that joining a team increases lending in a short window (1 wk) following our intervention. The impact on lending is large relative to median lender lifetime loans. We also find that lenders are more likely to join teams recommended based on location similarity rather than team status. Our results suggest team recommendation can be an effective behavioral mechanism to increase prosocial lending.

Interface Trends in Human Interaction, the Internet of Things, and Big Data

2018 ◽  
pp. 4210-4222
Author(s):  
William J. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Television News ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Media Convergence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In this chapter, I examine trends in today's news-orientated interfaces and the impact of digital interfaces on news consumption. Digital interfaces will be differentiated from traditional informational sources such as newspapers and television news. Additionally, I will explore several major characteristics or trends germane to today's news interfaces and their implications for how people consume news and, more generally, for how they transform information services: a) rapid innovation, b) interactivity, c) social, d) standardization, e) scale, f) media convergence and, g) the Internet of Things and Big Data.

Thinking Transnationally

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Margarita María Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Wagner College is participating in a ground-breaking project that brings migrant families together after years of separation. This project has been not only inspirational for both faculty members and students, but is also a great opportunity to learn about forced migration and alternatives to keep families together. The “Transnational Project: San Jerónimo Xayacatlán-Port Richmond” was created to connect communities in both the United States and Mexico and to preserve their cultural identities that have been threatened by forced migration. In this chapter, I would like to present the project focusing on three aspects: the history of the project, the individual stories of members who migrated and of those who stayed in their homeland, and the impact of this educational opportunity in the classroom. I will use a series of interviews with the members of Ñani Migrante (the group formed by the members of both the San Jerónimo and the Port Richmond communities), the presentations of both panels that took place at Wagner College, and the reflections of students who attended them.

Thinking Transnationally

2016 ◽  
pp. 230-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita María Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Wagner College is participating in a ground-breaking project that brings migrant families together after years of separation. This project has been not only inspirational for both faculty members and students, but is also a great opportunity to learn about forced migration and alternatives to keep families together. The “Transnational Project: San Jerónimo Xayacatlán-Port Richmond” was created to connect communities in both the United States and Mexico and to preserve their cultural identities that have been threatened by forced migration. In this chapter, I would like to present the project focusing on three aspects: the history of the project, the individual stories of members who migrated and of those who stayed in their homeland, and the impact of this educational opportunity in the classroom. I will use a series of interviews with the members of Ñani Migrante (the group formed by the members of both the San Jerónimo and the Port Richmond communities), the presentations of both panels that took place at Wagner College, and the reflections of students who attended them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document