Native language identification and writing proficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Kyle ◽  
Scott A. Crossley ◽  
YouJin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Identification ◽  
Writing Proficiency ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study evaluates the impact of writing proficiency on native language identification (NLI), a topic that has important implications for the generalizability of NLI models and detection-based arguments for cross-linguistic influence (Jarvis 2010, 2012; CLI). The study uses multinomial logistic regression to classify the first language (L1) group membership of essays at two proficiency levels based on systematic lexical and phrasal choices made by members of five L1 groups. The results indicate that lower proficiency essays are significantly easier to classify than higher proficiency essays, suggesting that lower proficiency writers make lexical and phrasal choices that are more similar to other lower proficiency writers that share an L1 than higher proficiency writers that share an L1. A close analysis of the findings also indicates that the relationship between NLI accuracy and proficiency differed across L1 groups.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Direct Participation of Workers on the Rates of Absenteeism in the Spanish Labor Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Payá Castiblanque
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Direct Participation ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transversal Study

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the different levels of direct participation of workers (passive, consultative or active-delegated) in risk prevention management with the levels of absenteeism in Spain. To this end, a transversal study was carried out using microdata from the Second European Survey of Companies on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2-Spain, 2014) with a master population of 3162 work centres. A multinomial logistic regression model was carried out, with the dependent variable being the levels of absenteeism and the independent variables, the participation indicators and preventive management, calculating the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) between all the independent and control variables, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% IC). The results obtained showed how the active-delegative participation of workers in the design and adoption of psychosocial risk prevention measures reported 2.33 less probabilities of having a very high or fairly high level of absenteeism (aOR = 0.43; 95%IC:0.27–0.69). However, having documented aspects of preventive management (plan, risk assessment, planning measures) did not have any impact on absenteeism levels, which shows that we can fall into an unrealistic institutional mirage of security with active policies of co-education or co-management being necessary to reduce absenteeism.

scholarly journals Not Parking Lots but Parks: A Joint Association of Parks and Transit Stations with Travel Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keunhyun Park ◽  
Dong-Ah Choi ◽  
Guang Tian ◽  
Reid Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Transit Station ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Urban design literature says that public open space in a station area could promote walking and other types of physical activity, enhance place attractiveness, and increase property values. In the context of station areas, however, there is a lack of empirical studies on the relationship between the presence of parks and sustainable travel behavior, which is one of the primary goals of transit-oriented developments (TODs). This study examined the impact of park provision on transit users’ mode choice in three U.S. regions: Atlanta (GA), Boston (MA), and Portland (OR). This study utilized multilevel multinomial logistic regression to account for hierarchical data structures—trips nested within station areas—and multiple travel modes—automobiles, transit, and walking. After controlling for the built environment and trip attributes, this study showed that when there was a park, people were more likely to walk or take transit to access or egress a transit station. A transit station having a park nearby may provide a more pleasant first-mile/last-mile travel experience. This paper demonstrated that station areas need to incorporate more public space, an overlooked element in current TOD plans.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Writing Strategies and Performance in a Saudi University

2018 ◽  
pp. 425-443
Author(s):  
Miriam Alkubaidi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Writing Strategies ◽  
Writing Proficiency ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

There has been a widespread utilization of the English language in Saudi Arabia, due to which it is necessary for Saudi citizens to gain an adequate grip on this language. This study aimed to conduct a comparative evaluation between the writing strategies and writing performance shown by Saudi EFL students. Seventy-four female undergraduates between 21 and 25 years and having Arabic as their first language were recruited for this study. The writing samples of the participants were typed into the computer so that no inconsistency takes place based on the students’ writing skills by the researcher. Descriptive statistics were then used to ascertain the level of strategy use of the participants. These students were divided into two groups, based on high and low writing proficiencies. It was found that there was no significant difference in writing performance of these students. The students, who demonstrated a higher level of writing proficiency while writing stood at a percentage of 47.3%; whereas, students demonstrating a low level of writing proficiency stood at a percentage of 44.6%. Furthermore, most of the students used drafting strategies as compared to ‘before-writing’ strategies. More frequent use of ‘before-writing’ strategies is encouraged. Further research is needed regarding the relationship between writing strategy application and the writing performance of these learners

Self-reported school demands and psychosomatic problems among adolescents – changes in the association between 1988 and 2011?

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Nygren ◽  
Curt Hagquist
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Psychosomatic Problems ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Aims: The aim of the present study was to examine changes over time in the relationship between self-reported school demands and psychosomatic problems, also considering the impact of student influence and teacher support. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study (Young in Värmland) including eight data collections (1988–2011) among Swedish students aged 15–16 were used ( n = 20,115). Analyses with multinomial logistic regression and descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Between 1988 and 2011, the proportions of students with a higher degree of psychosomatic problems increased, as did the proportion of students experiencing school demands that were too high. Finer-level analyses based on stratification of student groups did not show any associations at the aggregated level between increases of school demands and psychosomatic problems. Similarly, individual level analyses showed that the strength of the association between school demands and psychosomatic problems was not affected by year of investigation. Conclusions: Changes in school demands over time could not explain the increasing trend in psychosomatic problems among adolescents. Since the relationship between school demands and psychosomatic problems is strong across time, there is, however, a continued need for school-based interventions. More studies are required to gain further understanding of adolescent mental health from a trend perspective.

scholarly journals Multilingual native language identification

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHERVIN MALMASI ◽  
MARK DRAS
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Native Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Identification ◽  
Ensembles Of Classifiers ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Fourth Experiment

AbstractWe present the first comprehensive study of Native Language Identification (NLI) applied to text written in languages other than English, using data from six languages. NLI is the task of predicting an author’s first language using only their writings in a second language, with applications in Second Language Acquisition and forensic linguistics. Most research to date has focused on English but there is a need to apply NLI to other languages, not only to gauge its applicability but also to aid in teaching research for other emerging languages. With this goal, we identify six typologically very different sources of non-English second language data and conduct six experiments using a set of commonly used features. Our first two experiments evaluate our features and corpora, showing that the features perform well and at similar rates across languages. The third experiment compares non-native and native control data, showing that they can be discerned with 95 per cent accuracy. Our fourth experiment provides a cross-linguistic assessment of how the degree of syntactic data encoded in part-of-speech tags affects their efficiency as classification features, finding that most differences between first language groups lie in the ordering of the most basic word categories. We also tackle two questions that have not previously been addressed for NLI. Other work in NLI has shown that ensembles of classifiers over feature types work well and in our final experiment we use such an oracle classifier to derive an upper limit for classification accuracy with our feature set. We also present an analysis examining feature diversity, aiming to estimate the degree of overlap and complementarity between our chosen features employing an association measure for binary data. Finally, we conclude with a general discussion and outline directions for future work.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Gender Contentedness and Sex-Related Experiences among Taiwanese Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10635
Author(s):  
Chia-Yi Liu ◽  
Jen-Hao Kuo ◽  
Ting-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Carol Strong ◽  
Meng-Che Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sexually Explicit Media ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Little is known about how gender contentedness is related to sex-related experiences among Taiwanese adolescents. Secondary analysis of data (n = 2624, Mage = 13.3 ± 0.47 years and 51% males) on a longitudinal youth cohort was used to track the evolving development of sex-related experiences such as exposure to sexually explicit media, romantic experiences, and sexual behaviors. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied to study the effects of gender contentedness on sex-related outcome variables. The results showed that nearly 10% of the subjects were not contented with their gender. As compared to peers, gender-discontented adolescents had a higher likelihood of exposures to sexually explicit media (odds ratio [OR]. = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]. = 1.18–2.46) and risky sex behaviors (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.03–4.81). These results shed light on the impact of self-perceived gender contentedness on sex-related experiences in Taiwanese adolescents. Our findings are helpful for the development of practical guidance on sexual health issues, particularly for those who are discontented with their gender.

Discriminant Validity of the MMPI Depression Subtle (D-S) and Depression Obvious (D-O) Scales

Assessment ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Zalewski ◽  
Caroline T. Schatz ◽  
Irving I. Gottesman ◽  
David S. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between diagnostic group membership (i.e., life-time depressed, n = 367; lifetime mixed psychiatric, n = 367; and nonpsychiatric, n = 367) and scores on the Wiener-Harmon Subtle-Obvious scales (Depression Subtle, D-S, and Depression Obvious, D-O) for the Depression ( D) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Additionally, the impact of current versus past depressive symptomatology on D-S and D-O scores was examined. As expected, D-O scores were significantly related to diagnostic group membership, with higher mean scores found in the depressed groups. However, D-S scores were either unrelated or inversely related to the presence or history of depression. The results are discussed in the context of current empirical literature and clinical practice.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

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