Introduction

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Aldenderfer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Scholarly Communication ◽  
Spatial Thinking ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Although spatial thinking has long been a part of anthropological inquiry, it has waxed and waned in its perceived utility and centrality to the field. Although the papers in this volume attest to a vigorous tradition of spatial thinking in anthropology and further suggest that, for at least some branches of the field, spatial thinking and analysis are truly central to their definition and mission, it is nevertheless clear that this has not always been the case. Further, despite differences in historical trajectories of development between the two major subfields of anthropology—cultural anthropology and archaeology— in terms of the way space has been used, it is also clear that the two subfields share a number of common interests and themes that deserve discussion and exploration. This exploration is not only interesting from a purely historical perspective, but also has a very practical, down-to-earth dimension. The literature on the history of science is replete with cases of communication failures both within and between scientific disciplines. While in many cases this is merely annoying (different terms used to describe the same procedure, for instance), there are occasions when these failures lead to the creation of a highly idiosyncratic jargon used by small cliques of investigators, which clearly offers the opportunity to inhibit scholarly communication. This, in turn, can lead to redundancy of effort, failure to learn from the mistakes of others, and wasted time and money. By providing a forum in which similarities and differences can be examined, the natural tendency of scientific disciplines to form these cliques can be overcome. I intend this paper to be such a forum for an exploration of the ways in which geographic information systems (GIS) have been employed by anthropologists and archaeologists as represented by the authors of the papers presented in this volume. I will briefly describe the GIS for those readers unfamiliar with it and then turn to a review of the history of spatial thinking and the kinds of tools used to implement this thinking for each of the subdisciplines.

scholarly journals Project-based Approach to Engineering Technology Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalene Grebski ◽  
Wes Grebski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Technology Education ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
History Of Engineering

Abstract The paper contains an overview of the history of engineering education in the United States. It also explains the differences between engineering and engineering technology from an historical perspective. The similarities and differences between those two programs are also being addressed. The article also explains the concept of the project-driven approach in teaching engineering technology courses. The procedure to secure and administer funding for the projects is also addressed. The paper also includes some practical guidelines for implementing a project-based approach.

Tadeusz Tomaszewski and His Theory of Action

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Materska
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
History Of

Tadeusz Tomaszewski, born in 1910, graduate of the Jan Kazimierz University, Lvov, doctor honoris causa of Marja Sklodowska-Curie University, Lublin, is an exceptional figure in the history of Polish psychology. His scientific accomplishments and organizational talents, multipled by the achievements of his students, had a decisive impact on the shape and prestige of Polish psychology among other scientific disciplines and determined the rank of Polish psychology in the international arena.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

‘The Stuff of Slow Constitution’: Reading Down Syndrome for Race, Disability, and the Timing that Makes Them So

Somatechnics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Early History ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Being

In this paper I would like to bring into historical perspective the interrelation of several notions such as race and disability, which at the present moment seem to risk, especially in the fixing language of diversity, being institutionalised as orthogonal in nature to one another rather than co-constitutive. I bring these notions into historical clarity primarily through the early history of what is today known as Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21, but in 1866 was given the name ‘mongoloid idiocy’ by English physician John Langdon Down. In order to examine the complexity of these notions, I explore the idea of ‘slow’ populations in development, the idea of a material(ist) constitution of a living being, the ‘fit’ or aptness of environmental biochemistries broadly construed, and, finally, the germinal interarticulation of race and disability – an ensemble that continues to commutatively enflesh each of these notions in their turn.

THE FIRST WISCONSIN ACCOUNTANCY BILL: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Joann Noe Cross
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Documentary History ◽  
History Of ◽  
La Follette

Wisconsin's first attempt to pass legislation certifying accountants occurred in 1901, the beginning of the La Follette era. Overwhelmed by the issues of the day, this first bill died and another was not introduced until the incorporation of the Wisconsin Association of Accountants in 1905. Subsequent legislation failed to pass each year until 1913 when a bill was finally signed by Governor Francis McGovern. The details of these efforts hint at political rivalries and professional dedication. This paper attempts to relate not only the documentary history of these bills, but also to convey a sense of the underlying debates.

scholarly journals Medical Education From a Theory–Practice–Philosophy Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237428952110102
Author(s):  
Susan A. Kirch ◽  
Moshe J. Sadofsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Curriculum And Instruction ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Educational Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
How People Learn

Medical schooling, at least as structured in the United States and Canada, is commonly assembled intuitively or empirically to meet concrete goals. Despite a long history of scholarship in educational theory to address how people learn, this is rarely examined during medical curriculum design. We provide a historical perspective on educational theory–practice–philosophy and a tool to aid faculty in learning how to identify and use theory–practice–philosophy for the design of curriculum and instruction.

scholarly journals Cleft lip: The historical perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S4-S8
Author(s):  
S. Bhattacharya ◽  
V. Khanna ◽  
R. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Sides

ABSTRACTThe earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lièvre fendu de nativitè” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages OE from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.

Harmonizing the Truth: Eusebius and the Problem of the Four Gospels

Traditio ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O'Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Latin West ◽  
Book Of Kells ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eusebius Of Caesarea ◽  
The Church

In the late third century Eusebius of Caesarea, better remembered now for his work as a historian of the church, produced an apparatus for the reconciliation of the disagreements found in the four Christian gospels. It was a remarkable work in its own right for it preserved, as the tradition demanded, the plurality of the gospels, while allowing them to be presented and studied as a single entity, “the gospel,” and so succeeding in Tatian's aim in hisDiatessaron— as exegesis and apologetics demanded. Moreover, though now largely forgotten, it remained an important element within theology for centuries. This paper's aim is to locate the significance of Eusebius's work in its original setting in the world of late antiquity and the Christian defense of pagan challenges to the gospels' integrity, and then to follow the influence of his work within just one strand of the tradition: that which forms the background of western, Latin theology. So it will note how that work was adopted and adapted by Jerome, how it then passed on to the late-patristic Latin schoolmasters who sought to transform all learning into convenient modules of defined value, and then was taken up by others in just one region of the Latin West, the insular world, such as the anonymous scribes of the Book of Kells, the Stowe Missal, and the Book of Deer, for whom Eusebius's work was a mystery that they could not simply abandon, even when they could not understand it. Throughout this period, the Eusebian Apparatus roused the intellect of scholars, teachers, and scribes, but in each milieu the significance and perceived utility of the Apparatus was different. The history of ideas is about changes within intellectual and textual continuities, and with the Apparatus we have a clearly identifiable scholarly tool that does not in itself change over the period, but whose reception and exploitation vary greatly.

Palestine and Genocide: An International Historical Perspective Revisited

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
East European ◽  
History Of

This commentary reviews the responses to an earlier article, ‘Palestine in an International Historical Perspective on Genocide’ (Holy Land Studies, 9:1, 1–25), arguing that they illustrate both the possibilities and the limitations of serious debate about these issues. The responses mostly neglected the analytical core of the argument relating to 1948, which is therefore restated, emphasising Palestine's unique combination of elements that were parts of three general patterns implicated in genocide production (settler colonialism, East European nationalism, conflicts of decolonisation). The paper also gives further attention to the implications of the perspective for understanding the ‘genocide’ question in the subsequent history of the Israel-Palestine conflict.

Comment: It's the Homogeneity, Stupid!

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craufurd D. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
History Of

This topic is more in contemporary economics than in the history of economics, but in this case an historical perspective does help us to understand the present day. Roger Backhouse and Sheila Dow have approached the progress of heterodox economics mainly through the philosophy and methodology of the discipline. I take a more sociological approach. I see the issue as external to the discipline at least as much as internal.

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