Coordination of Biblical and Scientific Information

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Emery ◽  
David Neev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Egyptian History

Much knowledge of biblical events is from narratives of ancient oral tradition that justify analysis and respect because they may reflect genuine and unique historical information. The problems involved with such study are demonstrated by descriptions of three different events related in the stories of Sodom and Gomorrah, Jericho, and the narrative of Noah’s Flood. All three are associated with two processes: geologictectonic activity of vast areas with resulting submergence of soils or destruction of settlements. The first two tell about tectonism within the Dead Sea region at south basin and Jericho where many sites are identifiable. The Sodom and Gomorrah event could have happened only at the end of Early Bronze III, as implied from archaeological chronology and outline of the biblical story. The same could be true also for Jericho if not for a significant difference in chronology of the two stories. Expulsion of rebellious Asiatic tribes from Egypt is recorded in Egyptian history to have taken place during the 13th century B.C. At least some of these seminomadic ex-slaves reportedly invaded Canaan from the east near the end of the Late Bronze age (Kenyon, 1979, pp. 205, 210) and conquered Hazor and other cities. No archaeological data were found to indicate the existence of defense walls or of a large densely populated city at Jericho during Late Bronze so the question of conquest remains open. Invasions by nomadic tribes from the east and conquests of Jericho had occurred earlier—for example, 1,000 years prior to the end of Early Bronze III (Kenyon, 1979, p. 91). Evidence for collapse of Jericho’s defense walls during earthquakes and for fires during conquests in late Early Bronze III were found by archaeologists. The importance of the capture of Jericho after the Exodus was so great for Judaic history that the story may have been enhanced by inclusion of information from earlier oral traditions of the Sodom and Gomorrah earthquake.

scholarly journals THE BEGINNING OF THE IRON AGE AT ARSLANTEPE: A 14C PERSPECTIVE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Federico Manuelli ◽  
Cristiano Vignola ◽  
Fabio Marzaioli ◽  
Isabella Passariello ◽  
Filippo Terrasi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Archaeological Data

ABSTRACT The Iron Age chronology at Arslantepe is the result of the interpretation of Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions and archaeological data coming from the site and its surrounding region. A new round of investigations of the Iron Age levels has been conducted at the site over the last 10 years. Preliminary results allowed the combination of the archaeological sequence with the historical events that extended from the collapse of the Late Bronze Age empires to the formation and development of the new Iron Age kingdoms. The integration into this picture of a new set of radiocarbon (14C) dates is aimed at establishing a more solid local chronology. High precision 14C dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and its correlation with archaeobotanical analysis and stratigraphic data are presented here with the purpose of improving our knowledge of the site’s history and to build a reliable absolute chronology of the Iron Age. The results show that the earliest level of the sequence dates to ca. the mid-13th century BC, implying that the site started developing a new set of relationships with the Levant already before the breakdown of the Hittite empire, entailing important historical implications for the Syro-Anatolian region at the end of the 2nd millennium BC.

Surface surveys in the northern Troad and the identification of Çiğlitepe as ancient Arisbe

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurettin Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Ancient City

AbstractThe region known as the Troad in western Anatolia is famed not only as the setting of Homer's Iliad but also for the Hellespont strait (modern Çanakkale Boğazı) linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean. In addition to large cities such as Sigeum, Abydus and Lampsacus, ancient writers also mention smaller cities located on the Hellespont. In this article, the location of the ancient city of Arisbe, presumed to have existed between Abydus and Lampsacus, is examined in the light of new archaeological data. Between 2002 and 2010, the author conducted surveys in the northern Troad. These surveys revealed an ancient settlement with archaeological material belonging to the Late Bronze Age, late Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. The location of this settlement, the archaeological data and information from ancient literary sources all indicate that this site should be identified as Arisbe.

scholarly journals Alalakh: an account of the excavations at Tell Atchana in the Hatay, 1937–1949

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Gold Silver

This monograph describes large-scale excavations undertaken by Sir Leonard Woolley from 1937 to 1939, and again from 1946 to 1949, at the site of Alalakh (modern Tell Atchana) – a late Bronze Age city in the Amuq River valley of Turkey's Hatay Province. Described is the evidence of a series of superimposed palaces and temples, town defences, private houses and graves, in 17 archaeological levels reaching from late Early Bronze Age (Level XVII, c. 2200–2000 BC to Late Bronze Age (Level 0, 13th century BC). Supplementary reports describe the architecture and frescoes, sculptures, and portable objects in fired clay, gold, silver, ivory, stone, and glass.

scholarly journals Micromorphological and Chemical Features of Soils as Evidence of Bronze Age Ancient Anthropogenic Impact (Late Bronze Age Muradymovo Settlement, Ural Region, Russia)

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Golyeva ◽  
Olga Khokhlova ◽  
Marina Lebedeva ◽  
Nickolay Shcherbakov ◽  
Iia Shuteleva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In some cases, the human impact on ancient landscapes has been so profound that local soils still remain significantly affected even after hundreds and thousands of years after ending impact. We studied the Late Bronze Age Muradymovo settlement located in the Urals, Russia, aiming to estimate the consequences of the ancient people’s activity on the environment. Despite the present humid climate, the modern soils inside the cultural layer of the study site contain more than 27% of gypsum at a depth of just 10 cm from the surface, and a microrelief of the study site is typical of a gypsum desert. The nearby background Chernozems are gypsum-free to a depth of 2 m. According to the archaeological data, the ancient people belonged to the ‘Srubno-Alakul’ archaeological culture (1750–1350 years B.C. cal (calibrated years before Christ)) and had a tradition of building their houses from gypsum rocks. At the present time, this area is still unsuitable for human settlement. The properties of modern soils inside the cultural layer of the study site are directly affected by the Late Bronze Age human activities. It has been identified on soil morphology, micromorphology, and chemical properties of soils developed inside the cultural layer of the settlement.

Revisiting the Fosse Temple at Tel Lachish

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Koch
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Self ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural World

This paper reconsiders the Late Bronze Age history of the Fosse Temple at Lachish and reconstructs its context vis-à-vis the broader role of the local Canaanite cult. During the reign of Amenhotep iii the structure’s plan was modified to conform to Egyptian-style and there was a profusion of Egyptian imports to the site, primarily associated with the cult of Hathor. These facts reflect the cultic innovations that were taking place in Egypt itself—the self-deification of Amenhotep iii and his consort, Tiye, including her depiction and worship as Hathor. It is consequently argued that the translation of Hathor/Tiye into the local goddess, Elat, and its continuous practice until the late 13th century bc echo the integration of Egypt within the indigenous cultural world.

scholarly journals ‘LITERACIES’ – 60+ YEARS OF ‘READING’ THE AEGEAN LATE BRONZE AGE

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
JOHN BENNET
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Linear B

Abstract Inaugurated in January 1954, the ‘Minoan Linear B Seminar’ explored the information emerging from Ventris' decipherment of Linear B in 1952. The new academic discipline of ‘Mycenaean Studies’ rapidly moved on from questions influenced by the field's ‘pre-history’ dating back a further 60 years to Evans' first publication on Aegean scripts. Intense philological and epigraphical research in the 1950s and 1960s laid the foundations for comparative study of the Mycenaean palatial societies, while a greater appreciation of archaeological data and contexts moved interpretation on in the 1980s and 1990s. Building on this tradition, Mycenaean studies currently needs more documents to sustain a ‘critical mass’ of researchers and, ideally, a new Ventris to unlock the Aegean scripts that remain undeciphered.

Middle Helladic Tombs at Nydri Plain, Lefkas Island. An Archaeological and Paleoanthropological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Vivian Staikou
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Middle Helladic

The prehistoric record of Lefkas and the smaller neighboring islands is fairly extensive. The oldest archaeological material dates back to the Middle Palaeolithic period. The Neolithic period is also attested by archaeological finds in five caves. Even though Early (EH) and Middle Helladic (MH) periods have been known since the 1920s due to Dőrpfeld’s excavations, the archaeological data from the Late Bronze Age are scarce. A small Mycenaean tholos tomb has been excavated at Agios Nikitas, while several LH tumuli have been unearthed at the neighboring Meganissi Island.

scholarly journals Cultural background and chronology of the multisegment populated settlement Salekhard-4 located in the Lower Ob River region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Olga Sergeevna Tupakhina ◽  
Daniel Sergeevich Tupakhin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Ob River ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
River Region ◽  
Cultural Layers

In this paper the authors study the issues of the cultural and chronological attribution of the Salekhard-4 settlement, the historic site, which was studied during the field works in 2017 for the first time. The site is located within the Salekhard city territory. Considering the vast historical and landscape context it should be noted that the territory of the Lower Ob River region (within the area of the modern Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) includes several natural ranges: Northern taiga, forest tundra and tundra, and geographically spreads up to the Arctic coast. Moreover, it should be outlined that the historical retrospective displays multiple shifts of borders of the abovesaid nature and climatic ranges both, south and the northward, and such shifts affected migration of the ancient population considerably, which is clearly reflected on the archaeological remains. For instance the lower cultural layers of the Salekhard-4 settlement should be referred to the Chalcolithic Period (end of the 4th - beginning of the 3rd thousand years AD); this can be confirmed by the found ceramics referred to the Gorny Samotnel settlement. The cultural layers discovered above and containing the settlement and the burial complexes can be attributed to the Heyakh culture of the Late Bronze age (approx. 13th century AD). One of the tombs partially containing relics and remains is the subject of special interest as it contains the unviolated funeral accessories. The unique nature of this finding is that for today it is the only Late Bronze age burial located in the region under study. Undamaged condition of the antropological material made it possible to establish the sex and the race of the buried, as well as to determine the approximate age at death. The upper cultural layers of the site under study can be referred to the culture of the Lower Ob River region of the early Middle Ages (1st-4th centuries DC), they contain residuals of a wooden flooring, a fire-forge, and some amount of ceramics.

scholarly journals Sídliskové objekty z neskorej doby bronzovej, doby halštatskej a z vrcholného stredoveku v Ľuboticiach, okr. Prešov

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-157
Author(s):  
Kamil Švaňa
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
13Th Century

The article presents results of rescue excavation that took place in Ľubotice, site Winklerovky in early 2020. Settlement features dated to the Late Bronze age, Hallsttatt period and High Medieval period were examined. The earliest phase of settlement which shows strong influence of the Lusatian culture dated to the Late Bronze Age (Ha B1–Ha B3 stage). Based on the findings this settlement was probably abandoned around the end of the Late Bronze Age. The site was later resettled in Hallsttatt period (Ha C/Ha D). Few High Medieval period features were identified as well. Those were dated to the 13th century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document