From Christian to Jew

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Laura Arnold Leibman
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
South American ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
American Colony ◽  
The Right

The next crucial step in the siblings’ journey to gain the right to live and pray as they pleased came in 1811 when they moved to Suriname, a South American colony on the Caribbean Sea. In Suriname, Sarah and Isaac found their home among the largest multiracial Jewish community in the Americas and formally converted to Judaism. This community provided a spiritual home for Sarah and Isaac, but it also marked them as second-class citizens. Since their father, Abraham, had not married their mother, Surinamese law considered Sarah and Isaac people of color. This racial designation followed them into the synagogue, where they would sit separately from whites and couldn’t partake in synagogue honors. This chapter places the siblings’ experiences alongside that of other multiracial Jews who lived in Paramaribo at that time, highlighting their battles against oppression.

scholarly journals REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL CORAL PORITES COLONENSIS (SCLERACTINIA: PORITIDAE) EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagoberto E. Venera Pontón ◽  
Javier Reyes ◽  
Guillermo Diaz Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
South American ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time

Porites colonensis is a coral from the Caribbean Sea; colonies are foliaceous, undulated, and plate-like. Polyps are dark brown or red with small bright white or green centers; pali are present in corallites and the septal plan is bisymmetrical, conformed by three fused ventral septa, a dorsal solitary septum, and two pairs of lateral septa at each side of the dorso-ventral axis. P. colonensis is similar and can be confused with the smooth varieties of Porites astreoides and Porites branneri. There are three specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis: one from Golfo de Urabá (Darién ecoregion), other from Islas del Rosario (Coralline Archipelagos ecoregion), and another from an unspecified locality, in addition to one published observation from the Golfo de Urabá without collected specimens. A recent finding of other specimens in the Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP, Tayrona ecoregion) and the absence of a rigorous taxonomic revision for all specimens collected from Colombia showed that it was necessary to review the presence and distribution of P. colonensis in the Colombian Caribbean. A taxonomic review was done for all specimens collected from Colombia and previously identified as P. colonensis. Then, the morphologic variability of specimens that were confirmed as P. colonensis was described. Only the specimens from TNNP agreed with the holotype description of P. colonensis, while others agreed with flat varieties of P. astreoides. Thus, the presence of P. colonensis is confirmed for the first time for Colombia, but its presence in other Colombian localities outside Tayrona ecoregion could not be demonstrated. This is the only confirmed record of this species for the South American continental shelf. Furthermore, the skeletal characteristics of Colombian P. colonensis corallites showed large variability, exceeding the ranges previously described for the species.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia L. Bagneris
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
British Art ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Right

July 2007, Yale Center for British Art – reflections on Agostino Brunias’s A Planter and his Wife (fig. 1) … The painting is relatively small – about 12 x 10 inches – and a wonderfully exquisite little gem, its bright gold frame setting off the work of a talented colourist. Pristine whites and vivid pale blues are punctuated with punches of coral red; deep greens and rich ochres define the landscape. In the background are all the hallmarks of an idyllic island day; under a perfect canopy of blue sky and fluffy white clouds, a pair of palm trees rise in the right margin of the picture, nestled against the calm, crystal waters of the Caribbean Sea. However, in the midst of this quintessential tropical splendour, two figures in the foreground, a man and a woman, command the viewer’s immediate attention. Although he is dressed to beat the heat, the man manages to cut an impressive figure in long white trousers, white shirt, and white waistcoat – all immaculately spotless. He accessorises the outfit with black cravat, black shoes with silver buckles, and a long mustard-coloured dress coat with shiny gold buttons, completing the ensemble with a black ‘planter’s hat’. Surely his elegant dress demonstrates his wealth and status, but not so much as his pose, for the artist has frozen him in a perpetual state of showing off; his outstretched arm gestures towards the splendid natural beauty all around him as he turns his face to the lady at his side in a move that silently proclaims his ownership of all that surrounds them....

Manumission on the Land: Slaves, Masters, and Magistrates in Eighteenth-Century Mompox (Colombia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-543
Author(s):  
Edgardo Pérez Morales
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Free People Of Color ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Free People ◽  
The Town

In the mid-1700s, the town of Mompox flourished in the Spanish viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada, today part of the Republic of Colombia. Built on the banks of the northern Magdalena River, an important waterway connecting the Andean interior with the Caribbean Sea, Mompox constantly buzzed with travelers and trade alike. Mompox was home to a community of merchants who profited handsomely from both legal trade and smuggling, their networks reaching places as far away as Lima in Peru and Cádiz in Spain. These merchants were frequently also slaveholders and landowners. On haciendas outside of town, slaves cultivated the land and tended large herds of cattle. They gathered wood and resins and hunted for game and jaguars (panthera onca) that preyed on livestock. Along with free people of color, slaves also worked as artisans, journeymen, and oarsmen on boats transporting goods and people up and down the river (see Figure 1).

scholarly journals NOMEUS GRONOVII (GMELIN) (PISCES: NOMEIDAE) EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO: PRIMER REGISTRO PARA LA COSTA NOROCCEDENTAL DE AMERICA DEL SUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Acero P. ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez Ramírez ◽  
Jaime Garzón Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
América Del Sur

Three specimens of the man-of-war fish, Nomeus gronovii, from the Santa Marta and Cartagena areas (Colombian Caribbean) are presented as the first records of the species from the South American coasts over the Caribbean Sea.

literature review of the Polychaeta of the Caribbean Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3596 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARLAN K. DEAN
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
South American ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
South American Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

A list of all known polychaete species reported in the primary literature is presented for the Caribbean Sea. The most spe-cies-rich polychaete faunas are those of Cuba in the North Caribbean ecoregion and Trinidad-Tobago and Colombia in theSouth Caribbean ecoregion while the ecoregion with the greatest number of species is the Greater Antilles. While part ofthe explanation for these higher diversity areas may be due to collection effort, these areas may also be higher in speciesnumber as a result of being ecotones between the Gulf of Mexico in the north and the northern South American region tothe south. The most species-rich families are the Syllidae, Eunicidae, Nereididae, Polynoidae, Sabellidae, Serpulidae, Ter-ebellidae, and Spionidae. A brief discussion of the history of polychaete research identified many of the more importantworkers in the characterization of the polychaete fauna of the region. An analysis of the species-record accumulation curvefor polychaetes indicated that this fauna has not yet been fully characterized. One portion of the polychaete fauna identified as being especially poorly known is that from the deep-water areas of the Caribbean.

scholarly journals French reaction to the menace from Cabanos and Bonis within the litigious territory between Brazil and French Guiana (1836-1841)

Almanack ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 126-195
Author(s):  
Débora Bendocchi Alves
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
South American ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
Historical Episode ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
American Colony ◽  
The Right

Abstract: This article will analyze an historical episode that occurred between 1836 and 1841 during the French occupation of the disputed territory located between Brazil and French Guiana. I intend to consider two regional factors that influenced the decision of both the Cayenne Government and the metropolitan government to build military forts in the region. Such factors are the Cabanagem and the attempts of black Bonis to settle in Lower Oiapoque. I will go on to show that the French withdrawal from Amapá Lake in 1840, but not from the post on the right bank of the Oiapoque River, was due not only to international and diplomatic factors but also had regional causes. Notwithstanding the French government's interests in expanding the territory of its South American colony, I want to draw attention to the threats - real or fictitious - of Cabanos, from Brazil, and black Bonis, from Dutch Guiana.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
South American ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The North ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Eleventh Session of the Council: In the period from September 15 to October 15, 1950, the Council, meeting in the second part of its eleventh session, devoted a major portion of its time to the study of the 79th report of the Air Navigation Commission containing the commission's recommendations on the notification by states and the dissemination by the secretariat of divergencies from ICAO standards, practices, and procedures. No decision was reached on the question during the Council's discussions. During the same period the Council approved in principle the transfer of responsibility for liaison with certain areas in central and south Africa from the European and African (Paris) regional office to the middle east (Cairo) office, and for certain states and territories in the Caribbean from the South American (Lima) regional office to the North American (Montreal) office. The Council then granted a request from the Civil Aviation Board, as agents of the Allied High Commission for Germany, to participate as observers in regional and special meetings of ICAO that discussed the provision of facilities or introduction of procedures for civil aviation in areas including territories under the Allied High Commission's control. In addition the Council accepted from the government of Switzerland an offer of 200,000 Swiss francs towards the maintenance of various north Atlantic safety services. The Council in the closing meeting of the eleventh session: 1) approved some 21 recommendations of the Meteorology Division's third session; 2) took note of specifications for a 1:500,000 Chart Series of Europe and directed that the specifications be brought to the attention of the contracting states for appropriate action; 3) granted a request from Pakistan for an advisory opinion and interpretation of the Transit Agreement and of Article 6 of the Convention regarding the right of an aircraft of a contracting party to fly without landing over the territory of another contracting state; and 4) set the opening date of the next Council session.

scholarly journals A mechanism for freshening the Caribbean Sea in pre‐Ice Age time

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto M. Mestas‐Nuñez ◽  
Peter Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Implications of GNSS-Inferred Tropopause Altitude Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Tao Xian ◽  
Gaopeng Lu ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Yongping Wang ◽  
Shaolin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Cold Anomaly ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Geographic Distributions

The thermal structure of the environmental atmosphere associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) is investigated with the combined observations from several detectors (FERMI, RHESSI, and Insight-HXMT) and GNSS-RO (SAC-C, COSMIC, GRACE, TerraSAR-X, and MetOp-A). The geographic distributions of TGF-related tropopause altitude and climatology are similar. The regional TGF-related tropopause altitude in Africa and the Caribbean Sea is 0.1–0.4 km lower than the climatology, whereas that in Asia is 0.1–0.2 km higher. Most of the TGF-related tropopause altitudes are slightly higher than the climatology, while some of them have a slightly negative bias. The subtropical TGF-producing thunderstorms are warmer in the troposphere and have a colder and higher tropopause over land than the ocean. There is no significant land–ocean difference in the thermal structure for the tropical TGF-producing thunderstorms. The TGF-producing thunderstorms have a cold anomaly in the middle and upper troposphere and have stronger anomalies than the deep convection found in previous studies.

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