After the Candles Were Extinguished

This chapter covers several issues South Korea has dealt with following President Park’s removal from office: the election of Moon Jae-in as president in May 2017, pro-Park groups’ anti-government rallies, and a public divide on potentially pardoning Park in 2021. In addition, it considers citizens’ evaluations of the impeachment candlelight vigils three years after Park’s impeachment. There is now a growing sense that the momentum for change ignited by the vigils may have been lost and that real systemic change has not been achieved. This chapter looks at how some actors within society are striving to sustain momentum for social change. While political parties and civic organizations in South Korea are experimenting with different strategies to engage citizens, some people are already demanding new forms of participatory democracy. Grass-roots organizations such as WAGL and Parti Co-op have emerged to design and implement alternative ways of incorporating citizens’ direct participation in policy decision-making processes.

Missing in Analysis: Women in Foreign Policy–Making

Foreign Policy Analysis ◽

10.1093/fpa/orz019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 130-141

Author(s):

Karen E Smith

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Policy Making ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Black Box ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Foreign Policy Analysis ◽

Abstract Foreign policy analysis (FPA) opens the “black box” of the state and provides explanations of how and why foreign policy decisions are made, which puts individuals and groups (from committees to ministries) at the center of analysis. Yet the sex of the decision-maker and the gendered nature of the decision-making process have generally been left out of the picture. FPA has not addressed questions regarding the influence of women in foreign policy decision-making processes or the effects of gender norms on decision-making; indeed, FPA appears to be almost entirely gender-free. This article argues that “gendering” FPA is long overdue and that incorporating gender into FPA frameworks can provide a richer and more nuanced picture of foreign policy–making.

Teaching Foreign Policy Decision-Making Processes Using Role-Playing Simulations: The Case of US-Iranian Relations

International Studies Perspectives ◽

10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00457.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 176-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Charity Butcher

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Role Playing ◽

Legitimacy from Decision-Making Influence and Outcome Favourability: Results from General Population Survey Experiments

Political Studies ◽

10.1177/0032321716667956 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 146-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sveinung Arnesen

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Population Survey ◽

Political Legitimacy ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Small Scale ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Survey Experiments ◽

Policy Decision Making ◽

Micro Foundations

Democracies are typically considered more legitimate than other types of regimes because they allow the citizens to participate in the policy decision-making process. Others argue that the policy output matters most, and citizen influence plays a lesser role. This study presents two survey experiments on the micro foundations of these two sources of political legitimacy, thus contributing to an emerging literature that experimentally investigates the effects of democratic procedures in small-scale settings. Respondents who saw the decision going in their favour found the decision much more acceptable than the respondents who preferred another outcome. Conversely, decision-making influence generally did not serve as a legitimising factor among the respondents. This result supports the argument that citizens prefer a stealth democracy where they are minimally involved in democratic decision-making processes.

Foreign Policy Decision-Making

International Relations ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199743292-0269 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica D. Blankshain

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Decision ◽

The United States ◽

Foreign Policy Analysis ◽

Political Factors ◽

Interpersonal Dynamics ◽

The Us ◽

The study of foreign policy decision-making seeks to understand how states formulate and enact foreign policy. It views foreign policy as a series of decisions made by particular actors using specific decision-making processes. The origins of this focus on decision-making are generally traced to the 1950s and 1960s, with the literature increasing in complexity and diversity of approaches in more recent decades. Foreign policy decision-making is situated within foreign policy analysis (a subfield of international relations subfield), which applies theories and methods from an array of disciplines—political science, public administration, economics, psychology, sociology—to understand how states make foreign policy, and how these policies translate into geopolitical outcomes. The literature on foreign policy decision-making is often subdivided based on assumptions about the process by which actors make foreign policy decisions—primarily falling into rational and nonrational decision-making; about who is assumed to make the decision—states, individuals, groups, or organizations; and about the influences believed to be most important in affecting those decisions—international factors, domestic political factors, interpersonal dynamics, etc. While much of the literature focuses on foreign policy decision-making in the United States, there have been attempts to apply models developed in the US context to other states, as well as to generate generalizable theories about foreign policy decision-making that apply to certain types of states.

Cancer patients’ organisation participation in heath policy decision-making: a snapshot/cluster analysis of the EU-28 countries

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e018896 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyriakos Souliotis ◽

Lily-Evangelia Peppou ◽

Chara Tzavara ◽

Eirini Agapidaki ◽

Dimitrios Varvaras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Health Policy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Patient Involvement ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Health Policy Decision ◽

Policy Decision Making ◽

The Eu

ObjectivesEven though patient involvement in health policy decision-making is well documented, studies evaluating the degree and impact of this participation are scarce. This is even more conspicuous in the case of cancer. There is evidence showing that patients with the same type of cancer and at the same stage of the disease will receive different treatments in different countries. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the degree of patient participation in health policy decision-making across Europe, as it may result in health inequalities across countries. In a response to this research call, the present study aimed to provide a snapshot of cancer patients’ organisation (CPO) participation in health policy processes in European Union (EU)-28 countries.SettingCPOs from the EU-28 countries.ParticipantsPrimary and secondary outcome measures: information about participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and their involvement in their CPO was collected as well as data about the CPO. A 17-item index containing questions about the type and impact of participation in various facets of health policy decision-making was used to assess the degree of CPOs participation in health policy decision-making processes and its impact.

Effects of Information Technology on Policy Decision-Making Processes

Administration & Society ◽

10.1177/0095399710362724 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 441-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Seunghwan Myeong ◽

Younghoon Choi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Policy Decision ◽

E-Legis - Revista Eletrônica do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Câmara dos Deputados ◽

DYNAMICS OF PARTY COMPETITION IN FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS OF BRAZIL AND CHILE

10.51206/e-legis.v12i30.542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (30) ◽

pp. 89-103

Author(s):

Bruno Pasquarelli

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Decision Making ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Political Parties ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Party Competition ◽

Socialist Party ◽

Veto Players ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

The study analyzes the decision-making process in foreign policy, examining the governments of the Workers Party in Brazil and the Socialist Party in Chile, investigating how international acts may be the object of legislative and partisan action and, most important, that is subjected to conflict/consensus between government and opposition. Considering the foreign policy as a public policy, the methodological assumption of this study assumed that political parties are important actors in the decision-making process, acting as veto players and influencing international acts from ideological variables and composition of coalitions.

Foreign policy decision-making processes

Swiss Foreign Policy ◽

10.4324/9780203339565_chapter_4 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 45-60

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Decision ◽

How Experts’ Opinions and Knowledge Affect Their Willingness to Pay for and Ranking of Hydrological Ecosystem Services

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122310055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 10055

Author(s):

Li-Chun Peng ◽

Wan-Yu Lien ◽

Yu-Pin Lin

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Water Yield ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

Policy Decision Making ◽

Sediment Export

To ensure that ecosystem services are included in decision-making processes, many studies have relied on expert opinions and knowledge to identify, rank, and assess willingness to pay. In this study, expert opinions according to their expertise in hydrology, ecology, and sociology were surveyed and compared in terms of (1) recognition and ranking of hydrological ecosystem services (HESs) and (2) willingness to pay for HESs. The decision-making process was also investigated, specifically the rankings of factors in experts’ plans for climate change adaptation. The experts’ recognition of and opinions concerning HESs were positively correlated at various levels with intention to pay (i.e., whether respondents were willing to pay for HESs). Most experts recognized the importance of HESs and allocated high average scores of 9.15, 8.17, and 8.41 to water yield, sediment export, and nutrient export, respectively, using a scale from 1 (least important) to 10 (most important). The percentage of sociologists (100%) exhibited greater intention to pay than those of hydrologists (70%) and ecologists (93%), respectively. Experts prioritized environmental impact over economic cost in policy decision-making, and they differed significantly by field in terms of their rankings of the functional, economic, environmental, and social considerations of decision-making. The results revealed significant differences among experts in their decision-making preferences according to their fields of knowledge. The experts of a specific study field may be more willing to pay for that than for another. Greater intellectual exchange and analysis among experts should be implemented and diverse expert opinions should be solicited in policy decision-making.