Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Molly M. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Veto Players ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Local Dynamics ◽  
And Shifts

This chapter introduces the central puzzle that motivates the book: why, given the multitude of actors working to prevent and resolve violent conflict, does violence persist? The chapter then presents a theoretical approach to resolving the puzzle. It argues that variations in corporate conflict prevention result from changing local dynamics and shifts in governmental capacity, as well as threats to the ability to conduct business. It then goes on to describe how active corporations can prevent violence from occurring. Active engagement, however, can have a prolonging effect on the conflicts that occur, since corporations add additional veto players to negotiations. The chapter offers a preview of the main findings and concludes with a roadmap for the rest of the book and a preview of the implications of my central findings.

Overcoming the Paradox of Conflict Prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Newman ◽  
Eamon Aloyo
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Structural Conflict

Progress in conflict prevention depends upon a better understanding of the underlying circumstances that give rise to violent conflict and mass atrocities, and of the warning signs that a crisis is imminent. While a substantial amount of empirical research on the driving forces of conflict exists, its policy implications must be exploited more effectively, so that the enabling conditions for violence can be addressed before it occurs. Violence prevention involves a range of social, economic, and political factors; the chapter highlights challenges—many of them international—relating to deprivation, inequality, governance, and environmental management. Prevention also requires overcoming a number of acute political obstacles embedded within the values and institutions of global governance. The chapter concludes with a range of proposals for structural conflict prevention and crisis response, as well as the prevention of mass atrocities.

scholarly journals Understanding the Disaster–Migration–Violent Conflict Nexus in a Warming World: The Importance of International Policy Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brzoska
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Warming World

The importance and extent of some of the linkages between disasters, migration and violent conflict are not very well understood. There has been controversy in the empirical analytical literature both over core elements of the nexus and over the mechanisms driving it. One reason for the current state of the pertinent literature is the widespread neglect of international policy interventions in the policy fields of disaster risk reduction, conflict prevention and peacebuilding, migration management as well as humanitarian and development assistance. This contribution highlights the importance of international interventions in these fields with respect to elements of the nexus. Based on a brief review of the comparative empirical evidence concerning the disputed links between disasters, migration and violent conflict it demonstrates how international policy interventions are affecting them. The study concludes with a call for more research into the ways in which international policy interventions contribute to shaping the disaster–migration–violent conflict nexus, arguing that a better understanding would enhance the potential for better policies to address its negative consequences.

Is Prevention the Answer?

Daedalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Call ◽  
Susanna P. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Credible Commitments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Uncertain Outcomes ◽  
Nuclear Warfare

Is prevention the answer to escalating violent conflict? Conflict prevention uses carrots and sticks to deter future violence. Its power thus rests on the credibility of policy-makers' commitment to supply the carrot or stick in a timely manner. Unfortunately, there are several political and bureaucratic barriers that make this unlikely. First, it is difficult for policy-makers to sell preventive actions to their constituencies. In contrast with core security interests (like nuclear warfare), an uptick in violence in a faraway, nonstrategic country provides a less convincing call for action. Second, preventive decisions are difficult to make. Decision-makers are predisposed to avoid making difficult decisions until a crisis breaks out and they are forced to act. Third, preventive actions are political, not technical, requiring the use of precious political capital for uncertain outcomes whose success may be invisible (manifest in the absence of violence). Perhaps, if decision-makers are able to overcome these obstacles and make more credible commitments to conflict prevention, then conflict prevention will become a more credible solution to violent conflict.

scholarly journals The San values of conflict prevention and avoidance in Platfontein

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Mollema
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Community Members

The aim of this article is to identify measures that can prevent violent conflict through the maintenance of traditional cultural values that guide conflict avoidance. Moreover, the article focuses on the concepts of conflict prevention and conflict avoidance as applied by the San community of Platfontein. The causes of the inter-communal tensions between the San community members are also examined. A selected conflict situation, that of superstition and witchcraft, is assessed as factors increasing interpersonal conflict in the Platfontein community. This investigation is made to determine if the San preventive measures have an impact in the community, so as to prevent ongoing conflicts from escalating further.

scholarly journals Ageing and Leisure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark William Quinlivan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

<p>This research focuses on policy-makers whose agendas impact on the leisure needs of an ageing New Zealand population. It aims to test a hypothesis that such agendas impact negatively on provision for such needs. The theoretical approach is from leisure studies, sociology and social gerontology, although relevant psychological research is also drawn upon. The thesis discusses the development of leisure over time. The findings suggest that the ageing population does not have as many unmet leisure needs as might generally be thought, but that it would welcome an increase in the level of leisure policy-maker involvement in their leisure lives. The findings also suggest a willingness on the part of the leisure policy-makers to focus more deliberate energies on the leisure needs of the ageing population. Arising from an examination of the relationship between active engagement in later life and longevity, a tentative 'Theory of Ageing Actively' is posited.</p>

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