scholarly journals Understanding the Disaster–Migration–Violent Conflict Nexus in a Warming World: The Importance of International Policy Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brzoska
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Warming World

The importance and extent of some of the linkages between disasters, migration and violent conflict are not very well understood. There has been controversy in the empirical analytical literature both over core elements of the nexus and over the mechanisms driving it. One reason for the current state of the pertinent literature is the widespread neglect of international policy interventions in the policy fields of disaster risk reduction, conflict prevention and peacebuilding, migration management as well as humanitarian and development assistance. This contribution highlights the importance of international interventions in these fields with respect to elements of the nexus. Based on a brief review of the comparative empirical evidence concerning the disputed links between disasters, migration and violent conflict it demonstrates how international policy interventions are affecting them. The study concludes with a call for more research into the ways in which international policy interventions contribute to shaping the disaster–migration–violent conflict nexus, arguing that a better understanding would enhance the potential for better policies to address its negative consequences.

Overcoming the Paradox of Conflict Prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Newman ◽  
Eamon Aloyo
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Structural Conflict

Progress in conflict prevention depends upon a better understanding of the underlying circumstances that give rise to violent conflict and mass atrocities, and of the warning signs that a crisis is imminent. While a substantial amount of empirical research on the driving forces of conflict exists, its policy implications must be exploited more effectively, so that the enabling conditions for violence can be addressed before it occurs. Violence prevention involves a range of social, economic, and political factors; the chapter highlights challenges—many of them international—relating to deprivation, inequality, governance, and environmental management. Prevention also requires overcoming a number of acute political obstacles embedded within the values and institutions of global governance. The chapter concludes with a range of proposals for structural conflict prevention and crisis response, as well as the prevention of mass atrocities.

V. KANDINSKY'S ARTICLE «NATIONAL DEITIES (ACCORDING TO MODERN BELIEFS) FROM THE MATERIALS ON ZYRYANE OF SYSOLA AND VYCHEGDA REGIONS' ETHNOGRAPHY» IN THE PARADIGM OF COLONIAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-236
Author(s):  
Zinaida Gafurova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

The article deals with the history of V. Kandinsky's work on ethnography, and analyzes the artist's approach to the study of the pagan culture of the Komi people and his assessment of its current state in the light of the paradigm of colonial discourse. The very work of Kandinsky, written on the basis of the materials of the ethnographic expedition he made to the North of Russia, was published over a hundred years ago. However, the issues of the domination of the majority over small nations raised by the great Russian artist and the negative consequences of this, expressed in the loss of their identical history and cultural phenomena of national identity, are extremely relevant in the context of the decolonization of history.

scholarly journals Influences on the Implementation of Community Urban Agriculture: Insights from Agricultural Professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Tiraieyari ◽  
Roya Karami ◽  
Robert Ricard ◽  
Mohammad Badsar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Agricultural Professionals

Limited studies have investigated the relative influence of both external and internal factors in the implementation of community-based urban agriculture (UA) (ICUA). Furthermore, little research exists explaining how different mechanisms might influence urban residents’ decision to participate in UA. Our research tested the direct effect of several predictors on ICUA using structural equational modelling. In addition, we tested the mediation effect between the predictors and the ICUA that may exist as well. Results are based on data from 200 agricultural professionals in the Zanjan province in northwest Iran. We found that “personal characteristics”, “UA positive and negative consequences”, “sociocultural”, and “economic” factors affect ICUA. Among all factors, “personal characteristics” had the strongest direct effect on ICUA. The indirect model incorporating “attitude” provided support for the mediation model. We found “personal characteristics”, “UA positive and negative consequences”, and “sociocultural” influenced ICUA indirectly through “attitude.” Among all factors, “sociocultural” had the strongest indirect effect on ICUA. This information is of use to policy-makers and program planners in identifying points of policy interventions and mechanisms for promoting UA.

scholarly journals Desulphurisation of Biogas: A Systematic Qualitative and Economic-Based Quantitative Review of Alternative Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oseweuba Valentine Okoro ◽  
Zhifa Sun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of

The desulphurisation of biogas for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) removal constitutes a significant challenge in the area of biogas research. This is because the retention of H2S in biogas presents negative consequences on human health and equipment durability. The negative impacts are reflective of the potentially fatal and corrosive consequences reported when biogas containing H2S is inhaled and employed as a boiler biofuel, respectively. Recognising the importance of producing H2S-free biogas, this paper explores the current state of research in the area of desulphurisation of biogas. In the present paper, physical–chemical, biological, in-situ, and post-biogas desulphurisation strategies were extensively reviewed as the basis for providing a qualitative comparison of the strategies. Additionally, a review of the costing data combined with an analysis of the inherent data uncertainties due underlying estimation assumptions have also been undertaken to provide a basis for quantitative comparison of the desulphurisation strategies. It is anticipated that the combination of the qualitative and quantitative comparison approaches employed in assessing the desulphurisation strategies reviewed in the present paper will aid in future decisions involving the selection of the preferred biogas desulphurisation strategy to satisfy specific economic and performance-related targets.

The Crime–Terror Nexus and its Fallacies

2019 ◽  
pp. 365-382
Author(s):  
Vanda Felbab-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
External Actors

The focus on organized crime, illicit economies, and the multiple threats they pose to states and societies intensified after 9/11, when it became obvious that belligerent groups, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan and the Islamic State (IS) in Iraq and Syria, derived extensive financial profits and other benefits from participating in illicit economies. The conventional view of the crime–terrorism nexus holds that in order to defeat insurgents, it is necessary to take away their money by suppressing the illegal economy, such as by eliminating drug smuggling or eradicating poppy fields. Yet policy interventions to combat organized crime and illicit economies—whether linked to violent conflict or in the absence of one—have rarely been highly effective. Eradication alienates rural populations from the government and thrusts them into the hands of the insurgents. Conversely, partnering with quasi-criminal actors has often turned out to be counterproductive with respect to other objectives, such as mitigating violent conflict, fostering good governance, and promoting human rights, and at times even counterproductive with respect to very direct objectives, such as weakening criminal groups and their linkages to terrorist organizations. Thus, as much as external actors may condemn tacitly or explicitly permitting illicit economies, such practices are often crucial for winning hearts and minds and ending conflict or for giving belligerent groups a stake in peace. Development-based policies aimed at reducing illicit drug production are crucial for avoiding such negative side-effects while maximizing the chance for peace and social justice.

scholarly journals Consensual sexting among adolescents: Risk prevention through abstinence education or safer sexting?

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Döring
Keyword(s):  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Current State ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Academic Discourses

Sexting – that is, the private exchange of self-produced sexual images via cell phone or the internet – has been widely discussed in public and academic discourses as a new high-risk behavior among youths (especially girls) that should be prevented through better education about the various and severe risks it poses. This paper summarizes existing data on sexting prevalence (17 studies), which reveal that sexting is much more common among adults than among youths, with increasing prevalence among adolescents as they grow older. The paper then looks at the current state of sexting research by reviewing all 50 sexting papers in the PsycINFO and PubMed databases published between 2009 and 2013 regarding their coverage of the risks and/or opportunities associated with sexting. Most of the papers (79%) address adolescent sexting as risky behavior and link it to sexual objectification and violence, to risky sexual behavior, and to negative consequences like bullying by peers and criminal prosecution under child pornography laws. In opposition to this deviance discourse, a normalcy discourse is appearing in the literature that interprets sexting as normal intimate communication within romantic and sexual relationships, both among adults and adolescents who are exploring and growing into adult relationships. Next, the paper analyzes the sexting risk prevention messages of 10 online educational campaigns. Such campaigns typically rely on scare scenarios, emphasize the risk of bullying and criminal prosecution, engage in female victim blaming, and recommend complete abstinence from sexting. The paper closes by questioning the abstinence approach in sexting education, and makes suggestions on how to move towards an evidence-based approach to sexting risk prevention that acknowledges both adolescents' vulnerability and sexual agency.

scholarly journals The Importance of Globalisation and Learning Capital for Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 08002
Author(s):  
Mária Antalová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Research background: In our paper, we focus on two important phenomena that are currently culminating and bringing their positive as well as negative consequences. They are globalization and the learning capital. In research, experts are primarily oriented on globalization, which we perceive so intensely in our daily lives. There exist extensive studies developed on a theoretical, methodological as well as empirical basis. Experts are intensively dealing also with the human capital and, above all, with its impact on various socio-economic phenomena. However, they are paying less attention to the learning capital, which we consider one dimension of the human capital. Purpose of the article: Link between the human capital and the economic growth has long been clarified, but the relation between the learning capital is not remained at forefront of the research intentions. For this reason, we have decided to examine the interconnectedness between globalization and the learning capital in selected EU countries and to determine its contribution to the economic growth. Methods: In quantification of globalization, we use the overall KOF Globalization Index, which consists of 3 components: the economic, social and political dimensions. There does not exist uniform procedure for examining the learning capital. For this reason, we rely on Human Development Index data. Findings & Value added: In the empirical analysis, we focus on the evaluation of the current state of globalization as well as the learning capital in the Slovak Republic and verify the established hypotheses concerning the interconnection of these two phenomena and their impact on the economic growth.

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