Overcoming the Paradox of Conflict Prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Newman ◽  
Eamon Aloyo
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Structural Conflict

Progress in conflict prevention depends upon a better understanding of the underlying circumstances that give rise to violent conflict and mass atrocities, and of the warning signs that a crisis is imminent. While a substantial amount of empirical research on the driving forces of conflict exists, its policy implications must be exploited more effectively, so that the enabling conditions for violence can be addressed before it occurs. Violence prevention involves a range of social, economic, and political factors; the chapter highlights challenges—many of them international—relating to deprivation, inequality, governance, and environmental management. Prevention also requires overcoming a number of acute political obstacles embedded within the values and institutions of global governance. The chapter concludes with a range of proposals for structural conflict prevention and crisis response, as well as the prevention of mass atrocities.

scholarly journals Mitigating the global health threat of violent conflict: a preventive framework

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000114
Author(s):  
Daniel Shapiro ◽  
Catherine Hua
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Early Warning Signs ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Preventive Role

Objective To examine the problem of large-scale violent conflict and the unique preventive role that the global health community can play.Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review and extrapolated insights from practice-based research and consultation with leaders and grassroot organisations confronting emergent and ongoing large-scale conflict.Results The field of global health has thoroughly investigated the physical and mental health consequences of violent conflict, yet there is a dire need for preventive research and action.Conclusions Global health scholars and practitioners are well-positioned to track early warning signs of violence, construct predictive models of its outbreak, lobby for policy reform to address the structural roots of conflict, and provide mediation and educational support to mitigate emerging conflict.

scholarly journals When Socialism Meets Market Capitalism: Challenges for Privatizing and Marketizing Education in China and Vietnam

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Ho Mok
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Education Model ◽  
Education In China ◽  
Market Capitalism

China and Vietnam have experienced drastic social, economic and political changes, especially when these two socialist regimes have started economic reforms in the last few decades. In order to create more opportunities for higher education with limited national resources, both Chinese and Vietnamese governments have adopted strategies along the lines of marketization and privatization to reform their higher education systems. The major objective of this article is to critically examine how the market transition taking place in China and Vietnam has led to changes in education governance, particularly examine how these two governments have approached the challenges of global capitalism by transforming the socialist education model into a more market-oriented one. This article also discusses the major challenges and policy implications when education is increasingly privatized and marketized in China and Vietnam.

Social, Economic, and Political Determinants of Child Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health It ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
And Child Health

The Issue. This article presents a brief overview of the effects of social, economic, and political factors on child health. It starts by highlighting child poverty in rich nations, in particular the United Kingdom and the United States, and identifies the economic and political factors underlying this phenomenon. The evidence linking socioeconomic status and child health is briefly reviewed with particular attention to birth weight and child mental health—2 of the most important public health challenges in the 21st century. The implications for pediatricians of high levels of child poverty and the effect that these have on children are discussed.

scholarly journals Sukcesy fińskiego systemu edukacji, czyli dlaczego Finlandia szczyci się jednym z najlepszych systemów szkolnictwa na świecie – porównawcze studium przypadku

2018 ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
Ewelina Czujko-Moszyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Education Major ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
High Social Status

This paper seeks to answer the question why Finland is considered to have one of the best education systems in the world. The author aims at providing a descriptive case study of Finland in comparison to the Polish educational system with some reference to other Western countries. The world first noticed Finland following the release of PISA results in 2001. Yet, PISA overview is just a starting point for this case study. The paper analyses different social, economic and political factors which, in the author’s opinion, contributed the most to the Finnish success in education. Major arguments for the Finnish success are preceded by an overview of educational reforms from the 1950s until the present. The author argues that the remarkably high social status of teachers, their autonomy and great qualifications,consistency in educational reforms which offer high quality, equity and decentralization are the primary reasons for Finland’s global success. All of the above achievements are compared to Poland’s current situation in education.

scholarly journals Waiora: the importance of Indigenous worldviews and spirituality to inspire and inform Planetary Health Promotion in the Anthropocene

2021 ◽  
pp. 175797592110622
Author(s):  
Sione Tu’itahi ◽  
Huti Watson ◽  
Richard Egan ◽  
Margot W. Parkes ◽  
Trevor Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
International Union ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
The Social

We now live in a new geological age, the Anthropocene – the age of humans – the start of which coincides with the founding of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) 70 years ago. In this article, we address the fundamental challenge facing health promotion in its next 70 years, which takes us almost to 2100: how do we achieve planetary health? We begin with a brief overview of the massive and rapid global ecological changes we face, the social, economic and technological driving forces behind those changes, and their health implications. At the heart of these driving forces lie a set of core values that are incompatible with planetary health. Central to our argument is the need for a new set of values, which heed and privilege the wisdom of Indigenous worldviews, as well as a renewed sense of spirituality that can re-establish a reverence for nature. We propose an Indigenous-informed framing to inspire and inform what we call planetary health promotion so that, as the United Nations Secretary General wrote recently, we can make peace with nature.

Evaluation of Technological Innovations and the Industrial Ecosystem of Science Parks in Shanghai: An Empirical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-504
Author(s):  
Min-Ren Yan ◽  
Haiyan Yan ◽  
Lingyun Zhan ◽  
Xinyue Yan ◽  
Mengen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
Loop Analysis ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Science Park ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Government

Science parks and innovation policies have a major mission in driving innovative resources and nurturing emerging industries, while the government-academia-industry collaborations and the establishment of an ecosystem are essentials. To investigate the key driving forces for sustainable development of the collaborative ecosystem, this article evaluates the technological innovations and the ecosystem of Science Parks in Shanghai based on historical data obtained from Shanghai Zhangjiang Science Park (Zhangjiang Park in short). Systems thinking and causal loop analysis are adopted to explore the structure of the collaborative ecosystem and reflections of the policy impact on the science park. The role of the government in science parks and innovation ecosystems is identified with systems mapping and empirical study. The economic impact of Zhangjiang Park policies and the performance of innovation activities in Shanghai are further evaluated. Lessons learnt from the benchmarked science parks and policy implications for facilitating the innovation ecosystem are addressed.

scholarly journals Understanding the Disaster–Migration–Violent Conflict Nexus in a Warming World: The Importance of International Policy Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brzoska
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Warming World

The importance and extent of some of the linkages between disasters, migration and violent conflict are not very well understood. There has been controversy in the empirical analytical literature both over core elements of the nexus and over the mechanisms driving it. One reason for the current state of the pertinent literature is the widespread neglect of international policy interventions in the policy fields of disaster risk reduction, conflict prevention and peacebuilding, migration management as well as humanitarian and development assistance. This contribution highlights the importance of international interventions in these fields with respect to elements of the nexus. Based on a brief review of the comparative empirical evidence concerning the disputed links between disasters, migration and violent conflict it demonstrates how international policy interventions are affecting them. The study concludes with a call for more research into the ways in which international policy interventions contribute to shaping the disaster–migration–violent conflict nexus, arguing that a better understanding would enhance the potential for better policies to address its negative consequences.

Social, Economic, and Political Factors in Progress Towards Improving Child Survival in Developing Nations

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4A) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Lykens ◽  
Karan P. Singh ◽  
Elewichi Ndukwe ◽  
Sejong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Political Factors

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Infrastructure Development under the Belt and Road Initiative

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoong Chen Teo ◽  
Alex Mark Lechner ◽  
Grant W. Walton ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Ali Cheshmehzangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
The Belt And Road

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is the largest infrastructure scheme in our lifetime, bringing unprecedented geopolitical and economic shifts far larger than previous rising powers. Concerns about its environmental impacts are legitimate and threaten to thwart China’s ambitions, especially since there is little precedent for analysing and planning for environmental impacts of massive infrastructure development at the scale of BRI. In this paper, we review infrastructure development under BRI to characterise the nature and types of environmental impacts and demonstrate how social, economic and political factors can shape these impacts. We first address the ambiguity around how BRI is defined. Then we describe our interdisciplinary framework for considering the nature of its environmental impacts, showing how impacts interact and aggregate across multiple spatiotemporal scales creating cumulative impacts. We also propose a typology of BRI infrastructure, and describe how economic and socio-political drivers influence BRI infrastructure and the nature of its environmental impacts. Increasingly, environmental policies associated with BRI are being designed and implemented, although there are concerns about how these will translate effectively into practice. Planning and addressing environmental issues associated with the BRI is immensely complex and multi-scaled. Understanding BRI and its environment impacts is the first step for China and countries along the routes to ensure the assumed positive socio-economic impacts associated with BRI are sustainable.

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