The Many Faces of Socioeconomic Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Many ◽  
Century Development

This book provides a survey of different ways in which economic sociocultural and political aspects of human progress have been studied since the time of Adam Smith. Inevitably, over such a long time span, it has been necessary to concentrate on highlighting the most significant contributions, rather than attempting an exhaustive treatment. The aim has been to bring into focus an outline of the main long-term changes in the way that socioeconomic development has been envisaged. The argument presented is that the idea of socioeconomic development emerged with the creation of grand evolutionary sequences of social progress that were the products of Enlightenment and mid-Victorian thinkers. By the middle of the twentieth century, when interest in the accelerating development gave the topic a new impetus, its scope narrowed to a set of economically based strategies. After 1960, however, faith in such strategies began to wane, in the face of indifferent results and general faltering of confidence in economists’ boasts of scientific expertise. In the twenty-first century, development research is being pursued using a research method that generates disconnected results. As a result, it seems unlikely that any grand narrative will be created in the future and that neo-liberalism will be the last of this particular kind of socioeconomic theory.

scholarly journals Piketty’s Capital. The Revival of Political Philosophy, Political Economy and Social Sciences in the Light of the Declaration of Human and Citizens’ Rights in the French Revolution of 1789

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Øjvind Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Classical Political Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
The French Revolution

Piketty’s Capital in Twenty-First Century has posed a totally new platform for the discussion of the economy and capitalism. Piketty has reinvented the classical political economy founded by Adam Smith in his 1776 Wealth of Nations. Piketty has shown via massive historical research how growth and inequality have developed since 1793. Piketty’s conclusion is that the French Revolution did not change the existing inequality either in the medium or in the long term. Piketty’s prediction is that a new form of global capitalism will arise, patrimonial capitalism, in which inequality will develop further and the 1% of the World population will control 95% of all wealth in the World.

Probing Gandhi’s Political Strategy in View of His Civilisational Politics in India

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Arun Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The present article seeks to critically probe Gandhi’s civilisational view of Indian society and politics both from his few articulate and many hidden statements at different stages of his life. His civilisational view is, therefore, analysed from a variety of perspectives: its origin, direction, advocated methods and long-time impact on Gandhian thought, philosophy and activities. It is presumed that such an analysis of Gandhi’s political philosophy with special reference to his civilisational view may clarify some of the mysteries associated with his much cited and often criticised ‘strategies’ of political activity. The article has three parts. The first dwells on the background of Gandhi’s civilisational critique and touches on some of its contents from the political standpoints. The second probes into the many meanings of civilisational politics both from Gandhi’s articulate and hidden statements on the subject. The third reviews the impact of Gandhi’s civilisational politics on the course and strategy of his political action, and its legacy for the future. The underlying idea is that satyagraha in the Gandhian philosophical context is most intelligible when viewed from the short- and long-term perspectives of civilisational politics.

scholarly journals Self-resolving Information Markets: An Experimental Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij ◽  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Markets ◽  
External Event ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Trading Behaviour

On traditional information markets (TIMs), rewards are tied to the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of events external to the market, such as some particular candidate winning an election. For that reason, they can only be used when it is possible to wait for some external event to resolve the market. In cases involving long time-horizons or counterfactual events, this is not an option. Hence, the need for a self-resolving information market (SRIM), resolved with reference to factors internal to the market itself. In the present paper, we first offer some theoretical reasons for thinking that, since the only thing that can be expected to be salient to all participants on a SRIM is the content of the question bet on, a convention will arise of taking that question at face value, and betting accordingly, in which case trading behaviour on SRIMs can be expected to be identical to that on TIMs. This is the ‘face value’ hypothesis. If this hypothesis holds, SRIMs have the potential of incorporating the accuracy of TIMs while shedding their limitations in relation to long-term predictions and the evaluation of counterfactuals. We then report on a laboratory experiment that demonstrates that trading behaviour can indeed come out highly similar across SRIMs and TIMs. As such, the study can be thought of as an experimental case study on SRIMs. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the study, and also points towards fruitful areas of future research in light of our results.

From John Smith to Adam Smith

Virginia 1619 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 282-308
Author(s):  
Jack P. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Settler Colonization ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Considerable Experience

This chapter explores the long-term legacies of 1619 for the construction of an English settler colonial model. While contemporary Irish plantation projects gave the English colonizing movement considerable experience with settler colonization in densely populated and recognizably European areas, that experience by no means prepared that movement for planting in far-off lands inhabited by unfamiliar people with exotic cultures. As England’s first sustained experience with settler colonization at a distance, the Virginia colony played a foundational role in identifying, confronting, and working out solutions to the many problems that colonizers throughout the Anglo-American world would face as they created in the Americas the powerful and highly successful settler empire that many observers, including Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations (1776), would celebrate during the last half of the eighteenth century. This essay treats the Virginia colony as a learning laboratory and offer a systematic survey of the problems the colony confronted and how its solutions would inform and influence later English settler colonizing projects.

scholarly journals Thomas Piketty – The Adam Smith of the Twenty-First Century?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Dahl Rendtorff ◽  
Øjvind Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Thomas Piketty

Piketty’s book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014) has become a bestseller in the world. Two month after its publication, it had sold more than 200.000 copies, and this success will surely continue for a long time. Piketty has established a new platform to discuss political economy.

Life Lived in Relief

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Palestinian Refugee ◽  
The Many

Palestinian refugees’ experience of displacement is among the lengthiest in history. Life Lived in Relief explores this community’s engagement with humanitarian assistance over a seventy-year period and their persistent efforts over this long time span to alter their present and future conditions. Even as humanitarian intervention is conceived as crisis-driven and focused on survival, protracted displacement is a common circumstance, necessitating long-term humanitarian presence. The book describes the operational challenges of oscillating between chronic conditions and repeating emergency situations as “punctuated humanitarianism.” Punctuated humanitarianism also means that people move through different relationships with the humanitarian apparatus. Palestinian refugee politics is buffeted between near and far futures, close and distant geographies, and immediate needs and existential claims. This politics is expressed not only in the register of suffering but also as aspiration, existence, and refusal. These multiplicities are often discordant, but they persist together. The “politics of living” in and against humanitarianism is central to what it has meant to be Palestinian since 1948. It also provides new insights into the possibilities of political life in precarious conditions. The story of Palestinians and humanitarianism is illustrative of life and relief in the many circumstances of protracted displacement across the globe.

The Medieval Expansion of Long-Distance Trade: Adam Smith on the Towns’ Escape from the Violent, Feudal Equilibrium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R. Weingast
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Face ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Most people in medieval Europe lived at subsistence level in a violent feudal world. Adam Smith explained both the long-term stability of the feudal system and how the towns escaped this violence trap through political exchange that fostered their ability to enter long-distance trade, create a significant division of labor, and encourage long-term economic growth and development. Violence is central to Smith’s approach to development, which Smith scholars have systematically underappreciated. In the face of episodic violence, individuals had little incentive to be industrious, to save, or to invest. Smith argued that medieval towns escaped the violence trap through three mutually reinforcing elements: law and liberty, commerce (including long-distance trade), and security from all forms of violence.

Good strategy makes good leaders

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Allio
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This masterclass seeks to identify the leaders others should emulate, what’s are best practices, how did the acclaimed exemplars get to be leaders, and what can we learn from their stories? Design/methodology/approach – The author, a veteran practitioner and long-time observer of the evolution of strategic management regularly scans the business idea marketplace to identify any breakthroughs in the perennial quest for insights into the field of leadership. Findings – Forget leadership – it’s strategy that matters. Companies excel when they adopt good strategies and implement them efficiently. The role of the leader is diminishing, and leadership has little utility as an organizing principle. Practical implications – Look realistically at attempts to show how some CEOs shaped the future of their firms. Stories of success and failure typically exaggerate the impact of leadership style and management practices on performance. They focus on the singularities – the few extraordinary successes– and ignore the many events that failed to happen. We all fall prey to this affective fallacy when we extoll certain individuals – and then overweight their contribution to the success of their organizations. Originality/value – We need to refocus our attention on strategy. Successful leadership ultimately comes down to good strategy and good fortune. We have little control over the vicissitudes of the macro-environment, but firms that adopt the right strategy will do better over the long term.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Capsaicin Dari Cabai Dalam Menghadapi Fluktuasi Harga Cabai Di Pasaran

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bungaran Saing ◽  
Reni Masrida
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
High Price ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face

AbstrakCabai memiliki kandungan Capsaicin, Capsicin, Capsatin, Capsarubin, Caroten, Carotenoid. Capsaicin yang memberi rasa pedas pada cabai dapat diekstrak dengan pelarut tertentu akan menghasilkan oleoresin. Maka tujuan jangka panjang yang menjadi sasaran pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mengatasi fluktuasi harga cabai yang tinggi (harga cabai rawit merah mempunyai CV sebesar 43,01% dari tahun 2008-2012) dan mengurangi jumlah cabai yang diimport (import cabai tahun 2012: 26.838,7 ton).Kecamatan Taruma Jaya adalah daerah binaan Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya sebagai tempat dilaksanakan pelatihan ekstraksi capsaicin dari cabai sehingga masyarakat mendapatkan sumber mata pencaharian yang baru.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat kecamatan Taruma Jaya untuk dapat mengekstraksi Capsaicin (pemberi rasa pedas) dari cabai dengan peralatan yang sederhana. Untuk itu Ekstraksi dilakukan pada tiga jenis cabai yaitu cabai merah, cabai keriting, dan cabai rawit merah dengan perbandingan bahan dengan pelarut etanol adalah 1:4. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan waktu 8 jam.Setelah pelatihan dilakukan pembimbingan dan pemantauan agar hasil oleoresin yang didapat selalu optimal yaitu sekitar 25% dari bahan baku sehingga diperoleh peningkatan penghasilan warga desa setempat dalam penjualan oleoresin industry rumahan mereka. Oleoresin yang diperoleh dapat disimpan dalam waktu lama sehingga dapat digunakan pada saat tidak musim cabai. Hal ini diharapkan menjadi solusi dalam menghadapi fluktuasi harga cabai di pasaran.Kata Kunci: Capsaicin, Oleoresin, Ekstraksi, Fluktuasi harga, Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) AbstractCarotenoids. Capsaicin which gives spicy flavor to chili can be extracted with certain solvents will produce oleoresin. So the long-term goal of community service is to overcome the high price fluctuation of chilli (the price of red pepper has a CV of 43.01% from 2008-2012) and reduce the amount of imported chili (import chili in 2012: 26,838.7 ton).Taruma Jaya Sub-district is a target area of Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya as a place for capsaicin extraction training from chili so that people get new sources of livelihood.To achieve these objectives, training and mentoring is done to Taruma Jaya sub-district community to extract Capsaicin (spicy flavoring) from chili with simple equipment. For that Extraction is done on three types of chilli that is red chili, curly pepper, and red chili with ratio of material with ethanol solvent is 1: 4. The extraction was done by maseration method with time of 8 hours.After the training is done guidance and monitoring so that the results obtained oleoresin always optimal that is about 25% of raw materials so as to obtain increased income of local villagers in the sale of oleoresin their home industry. Oleoresin obtained can be stored for a long time so it can be used at the time of no season chilli. This is expected to be a solution in the face of fluctuations in the price of chili on the market.Keywords: Capsaicin, Oleoresin, Extraction, Price Fluctuation, Community Service (PKM)

scholarly journals Transformations of Trade Unionism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad Knotter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
Generous Financial Support ◽  
The Many

The historical experiences of workers organizing in Europe and the United States figure among the many forms of workers’ resistance resulting from the variety of labour relations in the global past. They cannot and will not be uniformly duplicated or copied from their present form in the global transformations of labour and workers’ movements that we are witnessing today. Nevertheless, in the twentieth century trade unionism as a form of collective agency among workers became a global phenomenon. With growing numbers of workers being exposed to wage labour and labour markets, the cases of workers organizing in the original heartlands of trade unionism in Europe and the United States can provide a historical background for future prospects and transformations. Based on comparisons of long-term developments and focusing on transnational connections, Transformations of Trade Unionism shows that historically there have been many varieties of trade unionism, emerging independently or transforming older ones, and that these varieties and transformations can be explained by specific and changing labour regimes. The case studies all start from Dutch examples, or incorporate a Dutch element, but the comparative and transnational approach connects these histories to general developments in Europe and United States from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century. This publication was made possible thanks to the generous financial support of the Stichting Unger - van Brero Fonds

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