scholarly journals Self-resolving Information Markets: An Experimental Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij ◽  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Markets ◽  
External Event ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Trading Behaviour

On traditional information markets (TIMs), rewards are tied to the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of events external to the market, such as some particular candidate winning an election. For that reason, they can only be used when it is possible to wait for some external event to resolve the market. In cases involving long time-horizons or counterfactual events, this is not an option. Hence, the need for a self-resolving information market (SRIM), resolved with reference to factors internal to the market itself. In the present paper, we first offer some theoretical reasons for thinking that, since the only thing that can be expected to be salient to all participants on a SRIM is the content of the question bet on, a convention will arise of taking that question at face value, and betting accordingly, in which case trading behaviour on SRIMs can be expected to be identical to that on TIMs. This is the ‘face value’ hypothesis. If this hypothesis holds, SRIMs have the potential of incorporating the accuracy of TIMs while shedding their limitations in relation to long-term predictions and the evaluation of counterfactuals. We then report on a laboratory experiment that demonstrates that trading behaviour can indeed come out highly similar across SRIMs and TIMs. As such, the study can be thought of as an experimental case study on SRIMs. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the study, and also points towards fruitful areas of future research in light of our results.

The Many Faces of Socioeconomic Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Many ◽  
Century Development

This book provides a survey of different ways in which economic sociocultural and political aspects of human progress have been studied since the time of Adam Smith. Inevitably, over such a long time span, it has been necessary to concentrate on highlighting the most significant contributions, rather than attempting an exhaustive treatment. The aim has been to bring into focus an outline of the main long-term changes in the way that socioeconomic development has been envisaged. The argument presented is that the idea of socioeconomic development emerged with the creation of grand evolutionary sequences of social progress that were the products of Enlightenment and mid-Victorian thinkers. By the middle of the twentieth century, when interest in the accelerating development gave the topic a new impetus, its scope narrowed to a set of economically based strategies. After 1960, however, faith in such strategies began to wane, in the face of indifferent results and general faltering of confidence in economists’ boasts of scientific expertise. In the twenty-first century, development research is being pursued using a research method that generates disconnected results. As a result, it seems unlikely that any grand narrative will be created in the future and that neo-liberalism will be the last of this particular kind of socioeconomic theory.

scholarly journals Assessing the Capacity of Adaptive Policy Pathways to Adapt on Time by Mapping Trigger Values to Their Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Raso ◽  
Jan Kwakkel ◽  
Jos Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
Misclassification Errors ◽  
The Future ◽  
Adaptive Action ◽  
The Face

Climate change raises serious concerns for policymakers that want to ensure the success of long-term policies. To guarantee satisfactory decisions in the face of deep uncertainties, adaptive policy pathways might be used. Adaptive policy pathways are designed to take actions according to how the future will actually unfold. In adaptive pathways, a monitoring system collects the evidence required for activating the next adaptive action. This monitoring system is made of signposts and triggers. Signposts are indicators that track the performance of the pathway. When signposts reach pre-specified trigger values, the next action on the pathway is implemented. The effectiveness of the monitoring system is pivotal to the success of adaptive policy pathways, therefore the decision-makers would like to have sufficient confidence about the future capacity to adapt on time. “On time” means activating the next action on a pathway neither so early that it incurs unnecessary costs, nor so late that it incurs avoidable damages. In this paper, we show how mapping the relations between triggers and the probability of misclassification errors inform the level of confidence that a monitoring system for adaptive policy pathways can provide. Specifically, we present the “trigger-probability” mapping and the “trigger-consequences” mappings. The former mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the level of confidence regarding whether change occurs and adaptation is needed. The latter mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the consequences of misclassification errors for both adapting the policy or not. In a case study, we illustrate how these mappings can be used to test the effectiveness of a monitoring system, and how they can be integrated into the process of designing an adaptive policy.

Entrepreneurial Grit: Insights and Applications for New Ventures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Venture Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Passion ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Careers

The pursuit of entrepreneurship is often characterized by high levels of struggle and adversity, and even those who ultimately succeed in their entrepreneurial endeavors routinely experience failures and setbacks along the way. Therefore, it is likely that individuals who are more skilled at coping with, and conquering, such obstacles in their quest for success are more apt to enter, and be successful at, entrepreneurial careers. While several factors contribute to an individual’s ability to persevere through adversity and to continue to work to accomplish long-term goals, individual grit has garnered an increasing level of attention as a key element in such persistence, particularly in entrepreneurial contexts. Grit, conceptualized as an individual’s passion and perseverance in the pursuit of accomplishing long-term goals, can play several roles in the entrepreneurial process. While grit is a potential outcome of entrepreneurial passion, it also has important associations with several key entrepreneurial outcomes. For instance, given that entrepreneurship is linked with risk-taking, grit is an asset for individuals who chase entrepreneurial opportunities. Higher levels of risk incur a greater likelihood of failure, and the ability to persist with entrepreneurial initiatives in the face of failures is potentially bolstered by high levels of grit. Furthermore, persistence against adversity can often translate into improved venture performance as a result of entrepreneurs’ continued, focused efforts at developing and improving their new venture. Furthermore, grit may play an even more important role for individuals who face heightened levels of adversity during their entrepreneurial careers. Women and younger individuals often experience unique challenges that their counterparts who are men or older do not have to face. Therefore, having high levels of grit may be an advantage in women and youth. While the relationship between grit and entrepreneurship has gained considerable momentum as a topic of scholarly interest, there are important avenues available for future research to further develop understanding of the topic.

scholarly journals Land Use Issues: The Last Settler's Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Groothuis
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Long Time

In the last settler's syndrome, each new settler wants the area to remain as it was on their arrival. Newcomers' preferences often differ from long-term residents, and conflicts arise. To explore land use issues among various groups, a survey of opinions on mountain views was developed and administered to Watauga County residents in western North Carolina. Watauga County provides an interesting case study, because it is a growing area with an influx of newcomers along with long-time residents. The results suggest that agreements can be achieved on some land use issues, whereas disagreements will arise on others.

Customer Matrix with Different Time Horizons Applied to Electrodischarge Machines

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Daniela Ghiculescu ◽  
Niculae Marinescu ◽  
Daniel Ghiculescu ◽  
Claudiu Pirnău
Keyword(s):  
Time Variable ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Forecast Method ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tree Method

A very effective method to evaluate the products is the Customer Matrix (CM) that uses two coordinates: Perceived Used Value (PUV) and Perceived Price. Our researches extend this basic concept by adding the time variable, creating CM with different time horizons that assures a better understanding of competitive environment. In the first stage, the Customer Matrix is associated with a forecast method. The relevance tree method was used to predict the most probable evolution paths of electrodischarge machines. In the second stage, the CM with different time horizons is constructed, considering products evaluation for short, medium and long time. Finally, a strategy is conceived for an organization that attempts to ameliorate and consolidate its long term position against the main competitors, aiming at obtaining sustainable competitive advantage.

An Exploratory Case Study of a Sexual Assault Telephone Hotline: Training and Practice Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna L. Colvin ◽  
Jana A. Pruett ◽  
Stephen M. Young ◽  
Michael J. Holosko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Telephone Hotline ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Training Practice

Using archival data, this case study systematically examines telephone calls received by a regional sexual assault hotline in the Southeastern United States over a 5-year period. A stratified random sample ( n = 383) reveals that hotline staff require diversity and depth in knowledge and skills, demonstrated by the hotline’s primary use as a crisis service, combined with notable use by long-term survivors. Findings include the utility of the hotline by survivors and community stakeholders, categories of assault, the time gap between incidents occurring and contacting the hotline, call severity and urgency, and services and referrals provided. Implications for training, practice, and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Maintaining Effort and Interest despite Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Process Tracing Approach to a Teacher’s Grit during an Online L2 Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Majid Elahi Shirvan ◽  
Nigel Mantou Lou ◽  
Mojdeh Shahnama ◽  
Elham Yazdanmehr
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Teacher Effort ◽  
Cluster Analytic

Grit—the ability to maintain effort and interest for long-term goals—is argued to be an important individual factor for achievement, especially in the face of obstacles. However, little research has examined the possible fluctuations of effort and interest and how challenges may trigger the changes of effort and interest. In this study, we measured a teacher’s grit at the beginning of an online course during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we focused on the changes in a teacher’s effort and interest throughout the course. In this case study we unpacked the explanations of possible changes in grit via process tracing. Despite the fact that the teacher scored high on the grit scale, we found that the sudden shift from in-person to online teaching had put much pressure and demand on the teacher. The new teaching challenge influenced the teacher’s self-evaluation of their teaching performance and students’ engagement, which led to changes in effort and interest. Therefore, we argue that one’s average grit (e.g., measured by grit scale) cannot be the representation of their ability to maintain interest and effort on different occasions due to the influence of different situational causes or pressure. Specifically, during the course, the teacher’s effort and interest underwent changes on four occasions, characterized by four distinct dynamic patterns in terms of the interaction of high and low interest and effort. The four emerging patterns of L2 teacher effort and interest indicate that the construct of grit could be explained in terms of four dynamic clusters or archetypes. This study provides implications for understanding the complex dynamic nature of grit, which can be further explored through cluster analytic approaches in future studies.

The Effect of Trust on the Continuance Intention of E-Filing Usage

2013 ◽  
pp. 290-310
Author(s):  
T. Santhanamery ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Intention To Continue ◽  
Continuance Usage Intention ◽  
New Phase

Research on e-government is taking a new phase nowadays, with researchers focusing more to evaluate the continued usage intention by the citizens rather than the initial intention. Continuance intention is defined as a person’s intention to continue using, or long term usage intention of a technology. Unlike initial acceptance decision, continuance intention depends on various factors that affect the individual’s decision to continue using a particular system, with trust being one for the most important factors. Therefore, this case study aims to examine the role of trust, particularly trust in the system, on continuance usage intention of an e-filing system by taxpayers in Malaysia. The primary discussion in this case study concerns the e-filing system in Malaysia, followed by the strategies for successful adoption of e-government services and the benefits of e-government adoption, concluding with future research directions.

The Development of Successors From Followers to Leaders in Small Family Firms

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John James Cater ◽  
Robert T. Justis
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

The purpose of this exploratory study was to better understand the development of successors in the small family business, including their approach to the leadership of the firm. It examined variables (and their relationships) that help to explain family business successor leadership. A case study approach was followed, using grounded theory analysis of qualitative interviews of the top managers of six family businesses. It provided six propositions for future research—namely, concerning positive parent—child relationships, acquiring knowledge, long-term orientation, cooperation, successor roles, and risk orientation.

Dynamic modelling of inter-organisational information management systems and relationships in food chains

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Christine Storer ◽  
Geoffrey Soutar ◽  
Jacques Trienekens ◽  
Adrie Beulens ◽  
Mohammed Quaddus
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Information Management Systems

It is agreed that good communication systems between organisations increase customer satisfaction and relationship behaviour. However, less is known about the details of how information is used to manage relationships. Theories that have been found have either been tested on non-perishable goods or on small case studies. In earlier stages of the research, a dynamic model of inter-organisational information management systems (IOIMS) and relationships was developed based on a netchain case study. This paper presents an evaluation of this model based on a survey of Australian food processors and a green life industry case study. Both studies found that the environment (power, dependency and market uncertainty) had a significant influence on (attitudinal) commitment to develop long-term customer/supplier relationships. In addition, the nature of the IOIMS was associated with perceived current outcomes (satisfaction with performance, perceived responsiveness and strength of relationship trust). However, commitment to develop long-term customer supplier relationships was not significantly associated with the IOIMS. Conclusions were more doubtful about the association between the business environment and the IOIMS and perceived current outcomes. Suggestions for future research are made.

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