Chancery Practices in England and at the Papal Curia During the Fourteenth Century

Record Keeping ◽

Shared Language ◽

Administrative Procedures ◽

This chapter argues that throughout the fourteenth century bureaucratic developments across Europe went hand in glove with the practice of diplomacy. The ultimate outcomes of such growth of administrative and diplomatic practices were the implementation of shared administrative procedures, which could effectively support diplomatic activities, and the creation of a ‘shared language of diplomacy’. In order to assess how shared administrative practices and a ‘language of diplomacy’ came into existence, this chapter first addresses the formation of chancery practices at the papal curia and in England between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries with a special focus on the management of diplomatic activities and correspondence. It further questions the extent to which administrative practices of writing and record-keeping of diplomatic correspondence in those two polities were comparable and focuses on the modalities of communication amongst them.

Conclusions

Anglo-Papal Relations in the Early Fourteenth Century ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198729150.003.0010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 225-228

Author(s):

Barbara Bombi

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

Late Medieval ◽

Shared Language ◽

Extreme Care

Through the study of diplomatic exchange between England and the papacy this book explores how a ‘shared language of diplomacy’ came into existence in the first half of the fourteenth century, by examining whether comparable administrative and diplomatic practices developed in England and the papal curia as the result of mutual influences or because of an autonomous logic and who was responsible for their implementation. These questions are based on the assumption that later Medieval diplomacy developed and took the form that it did because of the increasing bureaucratization of polities across Europe, especially insofar as chancery practices and financial offices were concerned. Although the word ‘bureaucracy’ has to be used with extreme care with regard to the late Medieval milieu and stands for what Weber defined as ‘imperfect’ bureaucracy typical of ‘patrimonial bureaucratic states’, it has to be noted that the bureaucratization of the English and papal chanceries in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries led especially to the formation of in-house styles and administrative practices. These specific procedures deeply influenced the diplomatic discourse among polities, which essentially relied on written documentation, archival organization, and the expertise of diplomatic representatives. This was especially the case for Anglo-papal diplomacy, which was fundamentally influenced by the sophisticated set of procedures and ceremonies, known as the ...

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S

History and Archives ◽

10.28995/2658-6541-2021-4-82-99 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 82-99

Author(s):

Nina I. Khimina ◽

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

The State ◽

Record Keeping ◽

History Of Collecting ◽

Russian State ◽

Archival Documents ◽

History Of ◽

The Creation ◽

State Archives ◽

Effective Use

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.

Constructive Friction Creates A Third Space for Art/Science Collaborations

10.31235/osf.io/ms3gq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

aaron ellison ◽

David Buckley Borden

Keyword(s):

Common Ground ◽

Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽

Third Space ◽

Joint Work ◽

New Ways Of Working ◽

Shared Language ◽

Working Together ◽

New Space ◽

Open Dialogue ◽

Successful interdisciplinary collaboration between artists and scientists is not about discovering “common ground,” but about deliberately creating a new space for collaboration. This novel space includes physical, virtual, and intellectual elements brought together through creation of a shared language and using it in open dialogue. Communication not only shapes the collaboration and leads to the creation of joint work, but also engenders new ways of working together and new levels of understanding. The co-authors interrogate a series of their art/science collaborations to identify essential, general principles for synergistic communication and productive collaborations between artists and scientists.

Female Leaders and Gendered Spaces

Tracing the Itinerant Path ◽

10.21313/hawaii/9780824859367.003.0002 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Caitilin J. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

Spatial Layout ◽

Religious Group ◽

Female Leaders ◽

Gendered Spaces ◽

The Creation ◽

Female Leader ◽

Mixed Gender

Chin’ichibō, a female leader of a mixed-gender practice hall, forms a paradox when viewed through Buddhist canon. This chapter, by examining the spatial layout and the culture surrounding the creation of these fourteenth-century jishū practice halls, demonstrates that Chin’ichibō was not an anomaly. Rather, women were important members of this religious group.

The “Online Teaching, Design, and Development” Course

Project Management Approaches for Online Learning Design ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2830-4.ch008 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 137-173

Author(s):

Shalin Hai-Jew

Keyword(s):

Online Teaching ◽

Academic Work ◽

Online Course ◽

Design And Development ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Branch Campuses ◽

Design Structure ◽

Teaching Design ◽

The Creation ◽

Kansas State University

“Online Teaching, Design and Development” was created as a 5-week instructor-facilitated online course to support the instructors at Kansas State University (K-State) in creating online courses and whole degree programs in the distance mode. This dual-track course accommodated both K-12 and university-level instructors, from on- and off-campus. This chapter describes how the course was conceptualized, structured, and deployed. This describes the curricular design and strategies; the creation of the various digital learning objects, the creation of the rubric evaluation structure, the assignment design, and the interactivity plan; and the course housekeeping management. Faculty members (learners) were recruited from both main and branch campuses at K-State and from other institutions of higher education using the Axio™ Learning/Course Management System (L/CMS), which was showcased in the curriculum. The lessons learned from the four years that this course has been offered (twice annually at minimum) include insights on the challenges of learner retention, the importance of learner incentives and record-keeping, and curriculum design and evolution. The curriculum was structured to have faculty build parts of an online course as they proceeded, so that all academic work done was also professional academic work towards building their online course(s). This chapter describes an online learning design structure that was sufficiently open to accommodate a variety of domain fields and teaching approaches and that encouraged peer support among faculty in the co-building of their respective courses.

Introduction

Anglo-Papal Relations in the Early Fourteenth Century ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198729150.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Barbara Bombi

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

The Other ◽

Comparative Perspective ◽

Hundred Years War ◽

Southern France ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One

This book is concerned with the modalities, namely the modes and procedures, of Anglo-papal diplomacy in the first half of the fourteenth century, when diplomatic affairs between England and the papacy intensified following the transfer of the papal curia to southern France in 1305 and on account of the on-going Anglo-French hostilities, which resulted in the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War in 1337. On the one hand, the book investigates how diplomatic and administrative practices developed in England and at the papal curia from a comparative perspective, whilst, on the other hand, it questions the legacy and impact of international and domestic conflicts on diplomatic and administrative practices....

The Election of Clement V and Edward II’s Succession

Anglo-Papal Relations in the Early Fourteenth Century ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198729150.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 133-153

Author(s):

Barbara Bombi

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

Political Change ◽

Continuity And Change ◽

First Case ◽

Apostolic See

The examination of Anglo-papal relations between 1305 and 1309 provides an interesting first case study of how political change both in England and at the papal curia impacted on the development of Anglo-papal diplomatic and administrative practices in the early fourteenth century. In order to assess the extent to which political changes influenced Anglo-papal administrative and diplomatic practices in the early fourteenth century this chapter is organized in four sections. After a brief historiographical overview on Anglo-papal relations in the early fourteenth century, the chapter focuses on the surviving diplomatic correspondence, looking at some diplomatic documents produced in the context of the diplomatic missions sent from England to the papal curia between 5 June 1305, when Clement V was elected, and 14 November 1305, when he was consecrated at Lyons, as well as examining the first Roman roll, which recorded the petitions sent from England to the Apostolic See in the last year of Edward I’s reign (April 1306–July 1307). Finally, I address the evidence concerning the first two years of Edward II’s reign in order to look for continuity and change in Anglo-papal administrative and diplomatic practices after the succession of the new English king.

From Twice Helix to Double Helix: A Comprehensive Model for Egyptian Calendar History

Journal of Egyptian History ◽

10.1163/187416509x12492786609203 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 115-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leo Depuydt

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Fourteenth Century ◽

Double Helix ◽

Ancient Egypt ◽

Early History ◽

Comprehensive Model ◽

Lunar Calendar ◽

New Moon ◽

AbstractThe design of this paper is to consolidate a comprehensive model pertaining to the evolution of Egyptian calendars over three millennia of Pharaonic history, as an extension of this writer's earlier work on calendars. This model is a variation on the model advanced by Ludwig Borchardt and Richard Parker. While hardly immune from criticism, the Borchardt-Parker model has been prevalent in the second half of the twentieth century. According to this model, there were three calendars in ancient Egypt, two lunar and one non-lunar called civil. According to the variant model, there are only two calendars at any one time, the dominant civil calendar and a marginal lunar calendar of religious purport and of incomplete articulation. After the creation of the two calendars in prehistory and early history, only one truly significant event took place in all of Egyptian calendar history, around the fourteenth century B.C.E. Before the event, the lunar year began around the rising of Sirius in July. After the event, it began around the first new moon following civil New Year's Day. Owing to the backward wandering of the civil year, civil new year came to coincide with the rising of Sirius in the later fourteenth century B.C.E. The lunar calendar was unhooked from the rising, as it were, and attached and subordinated to the civil calendar. A double calendar, spiraling forward in time like a double helix, was the result. If the earlier and later beginnings of the lunar year are counted as two different calendars, there were three calendars, one civil and two lunar. However, it seems preferable to count just one lunar calendar, one that changed in regard to just one feature, its year's beginning.

CREATING MS C: AUTHOR, WORKSHOP, COURT

Early Music History ◽

10.1017/s0261127920000042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 253-304

Author(s):

Uri Smilansky

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

Book Trade ◽

History Of ◽

The Creation ◽

Work Level ◽

Central Pillar ◽

Generic Grouping

Machaut's set of complete works manuscripts forms a central pillar of our understanding of musical and generic developments and their courtly reception in fourteenth-century France. By applying the continuing scholarly advances made during the study of courtly practice and the professional Parisian book-trade to the earliest of these artefacts, this contribution reassesses the creation-history of the manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds français 1586. The results tap into a number of enduring discussions within Machaut scholarship. These range from questions of patronage, to aspects of Machaut's authorial control and involvement in the production of his books, to the importance of order on the single-work level within a generic grouping, and to the practicalities of manuscript creation and intentionality. Finally, proposed adjustments to the dating of some compositions call for a review of existing notions of generic development and polyphonic composition in the early part of the century, thus resonating beyond Machaut's personal output.

A Preliminary Controlled Vocabulary for the Description of Hagiographic Texts

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10100585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David M. DiValerio

Keyword(s):

Controlled Vocabulary ◽

Formal Description ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Shared Language ◽

As a genre defined by its content rather than by its form, the extreme diversity of the kinds of texts that can be considered “hagiographic” often proves an impediment to the progress of comparative hagiology. This essay offers some suggestions for the creation of a controlled vocabulary for the formal description of hagiographic texts, demonstrating how having a more highly developed shared language at our disposal will facilitate both the systematic analysis and the comparative discussion of hagiography.