Protein Source and Intake Effects on Diet Digestibility and N Excretion in Horses—A Risk of Environmental N Load of Horses

Six Finnhorse mares were used in a digestibility trial, in which six typical horse diets were compared. The diets were: (A) haylage 100%; (B) hay 100%; (C) hay 70% and oats 30%; (D) hay 70% and soybean meal + oats 30%; (E) hay 70%, rapeseed meal + oats 30% and (F) hay 70 %, linseed meal + oats 30%. The trial was conducted according to an unbalanced 6 × 4 Latin square design with four 3-week experimental periods. The experimental period consisted of 17-day preliminary feeding which was followed by a 4-day total faecal and urine collection periods to evaluate N excretion. The digestibilities of DM (p < 0.001) and OM (p < 0.001) in the haylage-only diet were lower compared to the other diets. The supplemental protein feeds improved the diet digestibility of CP (p = 0.002) compared to a hay + oats diet. Furthermore, the DM (p = 0.019), OM (p = 0.006), and CP (p = 0.016) digestibilities of the soya-supplemented diet were better than those of the rapeseed- and linseed-supplemented diets. Faecal excretion was greater for haylage (19.3 kg fresh faeces and 3.6 kg DM/day) and hay (18.7 kg fresh faeces and 3.6 kg DM/day) diets (p < 0.001) compared with the other diets. Urine excretion was also greater for forage-only diets compared with diets including protein supplements. Horses excreted 14.0 L urine/day on haylage-only diet (p = 0.026) and 14.3 L/day on a hay-only diet (p = 0.003). Horses excreted more nitrogen in their urine than in dung. N excretion differed between the diets. Horses on a haylage-only diet excreted 51.6 g N in faeces /day and on hay-only diet 51.4 g N/day. On the other hand, when protein content in forages increased, N excretion via urine increased (haylage vs. dried hay). Horses excreted less N in urine with hay-only diet than with haylage-only or protein-supplemented diets (p < 0.001). When N excreted in faeces and urine was counted together, horses excreted less N with a hay-only diet (p < 0.001) than with a supplemented one (oats and/or protein feeds). The results showed that feed choices affected the amount of nitrogen excreted. Feeding recommendations should consider not only the horse category and work level, but also the protein source. When good quality protein is fed, smaller N intakes can be applied to reduce the N excretion via urine and dung. At the farm level, improved understanding of feed quality, as well as feeding planning and practices, is a way to decrease the risk of N leaching and evaporation.

Wages, Work, and the Catholic Social Teaching

The Catholic Social Teaching is a rich and relevant source for studying contemporary problems in society. In this paper, I investigate the question about equal pay in light of the social teaching. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in equal pay and related concepts like universal basic income. By equal pay we mean that everyone in society receives the same remuneration regardless of the type of work, level of effort, or unemployed or not. From an economic point of view, there are large negative incentive effects with such an arrangement. The reason is that the principle of ‘equal pay for all’ breaks the relationship between the workers’ effort and the payment associated with the effort. Furthermore, neo-classical economics would argue that there is no incentive to work if there is no financial payoff compared to not working. Also from a Catholic social teaching viewpoint, there is no support for an ‘equal pay for all’ arrangement. However, the social teaching sheds important light on the meaning of work and the right to a living wage.

Examination of Job Satisfaction, Achievements, and Employment Preparedness among College of Pharmacy Alumni: A Study From Qatar

Background: Job satisfaction in healthcare is of special interest as has a direct relation with the quality of care provided to patients. It is affected by several factors including the nature of the work, level of educational preparedness and achievements. Objectives: This study aims to explore College of Pharmacy - Qatar University (CPH-QU) alumni’s satisfaction with employment and the profession, level of educational preparedness and achievements in the practice. Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed-method designs was adopted. Seven Focus Group (FG) discussions were performed and a self-reported survey distributed to all alumni graduated between 2011-2020. Results: A total of 135 alumni answered the survey (response rate 63%). Majority of respondents were non-Qatari (97%) and 52% of them were recent graduates and obtained doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) as an additional degree (58%). The study findings suggest that CPH alumni are moderately satisfied with the practice and the profession, and Qatari alumni are more satisfied. However, majority of them (44.55%) are not satisfied with the available opportunities for professional development. The level of satisfaction about achievements was significantly high only in the field of research and presentation activities. A general agreement about the level of educational preparedness was dominant, especially in clinical knowledge and skills and experiential training they received. Conclusion: The overall satisfaction about workplace and the profession in CPH-QU alumni is moderate and higher among Qatari graduates. Alumni agreed that they were well prepared to meet the practice requirements and mostly satisfied in achieving research and presentation related activities.

The obedience of medical personnel to using personal protective equipment in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 at a private hospital in Indonesia

Background: As one of the vulnerable groups to be infected by COVID-19, healthcare workers are required to obey the hospital rules and protocols. However, it may remain challenging for them, especially related to the provision of using personal protective equipment.Objective: This study examined the obedience of medical personnel to personal protective equipment in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 259 medical personnel (medical doctors, nurses, and midwives) in the hospital. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: The majority of respondents were nurses (80.3%) and female (63.3%). Those who had a poor attitude would be three times more likely to have poor obedience to using personal protective equipment (Adj. OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.52 - 5.19). Sex, age, length of work, level of knowledge, level of motivation, and facility support were not correlated with obedience to using personal protective equipment.Conclusion: The finding reported that many medical personnel were not obedient to using personal protective equipment because their response to disease prevention was poor. The results can be used for further intervention and education or training programs for medical personnel.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN MOTIVASI DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN SPINING 2 PT. SARI WARNA ASLI II BOYOLALI

Di era globalisasi seperti sekarang hampir seluruh perusahan di tuntut untuk menambah kemampuan sumber daya manusianya agar tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai. Maka penulis melakukan penelitian yang berhubungan dengan kinerja karyawan. Bagian Spining 2 PT. Sari Warna Asli II Boyolali merupakan departemen baru. Esensi dari penelitian ini iyalah agar dapat mengukur dan bisa mengetahui tingkat kerja karyawan pada konsep pelatihan, motivasii serta kompensasi pada kerja spinning 2 PT Sari Warna Asli II Boyolali. Pada penelitian yang di lakukan metode yang di gunakan iyalah metode kuantitatif. Cara pengambilan data melalui kuesioner dan stadi dokumen. Dengan populasi 635 karyawan, sampel pada data ini adalah 250 responden karyawan bagian Spining 2 PT. Sari Warna Asli II Boyolali. Teknik penyelidikan data yang dipakaiyaitu regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS 22. Hasil riset ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pelatihan,motivasi, dan kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan dan parsial terhadap produktivitas karyawan. In this era of globalization, almost all companies are required to increase the capacity of their human resources so that company goals can be achieved. So the authors conducted research related to employee performance. Spining Section 2 PT. Sari Warna Asli II Boyolali is a new department. The essence of this research is to be able to measure and be able to know the work level of employees on the concept of training, motivation and compensation at spinning 2 work at PT Sari Warna Asli II Boyolali. In research, the method used is the quantitative method. How to collect data through questionnaires and document stadi. With a population of 635 employees, the sample in this data is 250 respondents employees of the Spining 2 PT. Sari Warna Asli II, Boyolali. The data investigation technique used is multiple linear regression using SPSS 22. The result of this researc can be concluded thats training, motivation, and compensation have a positive and significant effect simultaneously and partially on employee productivity..

Research and Practice of Performance Appraisal of Specialist Nursing Staff

The performance appraisal of specialist nurses is an important part of hospital human resource management, and it is also a necessary path to promote the professional development of specialist nurses. Based on the analysis and discussion of the framework design of the performance appraisal system for specialist nurses, this paper studies and discusses the design safeguard measures of the performance appraisal system for specialist nurses, in order to effectively improve the scientific performance of the specialist nurses’ performance appraisal system. Level, lay a good foundation for the improvement of the professional nursing staff's work level and the sustainable development of the hospital.

Faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumen dalam menggunakan dan berhutang dengan kartu kredit di Jabodetabek

Purpose: This study discussed the factors that influence the use and debt of credit cardholders in Jakarta and surrounding areas (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) Research methodology: The dependent variable used in this study is the use of credit cards and debts on credit cards. This study's independent variables were demographic factors, credit card feature factors, and attitude towards money factors. The sample of this study was 333 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The data analysis model used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Results: The results showed that there were influences from demographic factors (age, income, family size), features on credit cards (credit limits), and attitudes towards money (the main payment method with credit cards, card tenure) on the use of credit cards; also, demographic factors (gender, type of work, level of education, income) and attitude towards money (minimum payment) on credit card debt. Therefore the factors that banks need to consider to increase their income, and the government for control of public expenditure, also the public to pay more attention to spending on their credit cards so that there is no accumulation of debt that cannot be paid. Limitations: This study has several limitations of specifically only examines the people who are in Jakarta and their surroundings (Jabodetabek) and examines demographic factors, features on credit cards, and attitudes. Contribution: This study will examine demographic factors, features on cards, and attitudes towards money by uniting variables per category into a unified category. The indicators in this study are adjusted to the community in Indonesia. Keywords: Attitude towards money, Credit cards, Credit card features, Demographics

Assessment of Job Satisfaction Among Pharmacy Professionals Working at Drug Stores in Mizan Aman And Tepi Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Job satisfaction is a multidimensional, enduring, important, and much-researched concept in the field of organizational behavior and has been identified as recognition in one’s field of work, level of salary, opportunities for promotion, and achievement of personal goals. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess of job satisfaction pharmacy professional working at pharmacy retail outlets found in Mizan-Aman and Tepi towns, South West Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional method was conducted in Mizan Aman and Tepi town. All pharmacy professionals working at Mizan-Aman and Tepi town pharmacy retail outlets who fulfill the inclusion criteria were included. A structured questionnaire was developed based on the published literature regarding satisfaction of pharmacy professionals. The Statistical package for Social Science programs version 21.0 for windows was used to enter and encode the collected data. Result: A total of 35 community pharmacists were invited to participate in the study; out of them only 33(94.3%) of them were participated in the study. Eighty two percent (82%) of them were males and sixty percent (60%) were aged between 20-30. From the study participants, majority (78.8%) of community pharmacists were satisfied with their overall job. In current study 63%, 81.8% and 54.5% of the study participants replied (or satisfied) that the job has good future, the community recognizes their job good and they earn good salary for their job respectively. Likewise, 42.2%, 69.7%and 75.7% of the study respondents replied that they have high chance of professional development, feel accomplishment after finishing their carrier every day and free to use personal ability in work respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: In general majority of the community pharmacy professionals were satisfied with their job. Ministry of Health should further improve the satisfaction of community pharmacy professionals by creating good work environment, by modifying Pharmacy professional guide line, educational chance and training, professional development as job dissatisfaction causes deleterious impact on patient care despite the magnitude of the professionals dissatisfied in the discipline. Keywords: Druggist; Drug stores; Pharmacists; Pharmacy retail outlets; Satisfaction

PROBLEMS OF TEACHING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The subject of the study is the relationship between the methodology of teaching the Ukrainian language as a foreign language and phraseological material, which activates the various levels involved in mastering the linguistic base, namely motivation, memory, cognition and others. The article deals with the problem of bilingualism in Ukraine, considers the problems of teaching foreign students the Ukrainian language in terms of partial bilingual everyday communication, suggests ways to solve these problems. The classification of modern strategies used in language learning is considered. We also considered the advantages of the communicative-cognitive approach to learning the Ukrainian language. The research methodology consists of theoretical and practical principles of observation, recording and evaluation of activities in the system of teacher – students, taking into account the different conditions of linguistic and non-linguistic reality. The purpose of the study is to clarify the peculiarities of the use of phraseological units in the framework of work with foreign students, taking into account the bilingual situation in some parts of Ukraine. The article deals too with linguistic and methodological aspects of the study of phraseological units concerning with the work at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language. Phraseological units possess aesthetic value, so it is often included to the training material. The interpretation of them occurs on pretextual work level. The actual material of the article has about 50 different levels of language units, the selection of idioms was carried out in the presence of words with temporal meaning. An idiom is a linear sequence, representing the aesthetic value thanks to the meaning hidden in it. Words, in idiomatic expressions, creating a special sense, come in a variety of relationships – synonymic, antonymic, of kind and type ones etc. Inside the words can occur shifts of meanings such as metaphorical, metonymic. The syntax structure of idioms can be different from a phrase to sentences with different punctuation. Learning understanding and practical usage of Russian phraseological units lead to the development of students not only objective semantic and associative evaluation of the various acts or objects, but also to the ability to implement the same idea through units of different levels of language and speech formulas, which are composed of elements with imagery. The conclusion of the study. We have considered the classification of modern strategies used in the study of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The advantages of communicative-cognitive approach to learning the Ukrainian language are described. Practice shows that motivation and mnemonic techniques are important in learning. The phraseological layer of vocabulary is a very important culturological factor in the process of learning a foreign language. We can see further prospects of our research in a detailed consideration of all the tools of communicative-cognitive approach to the study of language as a foreign language.

Researching the Development of Remote Work in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The article considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process of implementing technologies for the organization of remote work both in management and in the technical sphere. The COVID-crisis is seen as a factor that has facilitated, accelerated and intensified the introduction of remote forms of work, because precisely due to the problem of new jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic both remote work and information-technological improvement of enterprises become relevant. The article is aimed at researching the development of remote forms of work under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The object of the research is the process of introducing remote forms of work at Ukrainian enterprises. The subject of the the research is the organization of remote forms of work at enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article presents the results of the study (based on a survey) of the demand for a remote form of work and training among Ukrainians during the COVID-19 pandemic. 150 Ukrainians took part in the survey. Among them are women and men aged 18 to 65 who work and study both traditionally and remotely. The analysis of the data was carried out using a Google survey. The survey participants were asked topical questions about their possibility and desire for a complete transition to a remote form of work; level of development of the remote form of work at their enterprise or place of study. As result, the most positive and negative, according to the respondents, traits of a remote form of work are identified; also the most frequently used programs to provide remote work. The conclusions emphasize that Ukrainians are not only ready to accept new forms of work organization, but also actively adapt to them and, despite the shortcomings, the remote form of work is in demand and promising, especially in the context of quarantine measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.