The great forum (c. AD 110–25)

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring

This chapter summarizes evidence for the form, date, and use of the massive monumental forum complex that replaced London’s Flavian forum in the late first and early second century. Work probably started on this vast public building under Trajan, following soon after the new waterside quays were built, and after the successful conclusion of the first Dacian war. The complex was not completed, however, until the Hadrianic period, perhaps in preparation for Hadrian’s visit to Britain in AD 122. The forum’s role as the public focus of imperial ideology, and as a place for managing supplies and business affairs, is discussed.

2017 ◽  
pp. 226-291
Author(s):  
O.V. Liubimova

On the basis of The Deeds of Divine Augustus or Res Gestae Divi Augusti (RGDA), the author analyses the significance of the legacy of populares, one of the main political movements in the Late Republic, in the politics of Emperor Augustus. The main features of this political movement, in the opinion of modern researchers, were their demagogic political style, their assertion of the sovereignty of Roman people and their protection of economic interests of the lower classes. In the RGDA there is no mention of the odious political methods of the populares that entailed conflicts and unrest but the text significantly dwells on the tribunician power granted to Augustus. In the Late Republic the tribunician power served as the basis of the populares political method. The ideology reflected in the RGDA entrusts the Roman people with an important role in the public administration and describes the Roman people as a fullfledged partner of the Senate, however it lacks the populares contraposition of the Roman people to the Senate (or to the oligarchy controlling the Senate). The populares legacy is particularly apparent in the RGDA chapters describing Augustus expenses in favor of the Roman people such as the organisation of various social measures, shows and public building. Augustus inherited from the populares of the Late Republic the idea of Roman plebs as a source of political power and of satisfaction of its interest as a mechanism of maintaining political stability, but discarded those of populares slogans and methods that had a conflict potential.На материале Деяний Божественного Августа (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) рассматривается вопрос о том, какое место занимало в политике Августа наследие популяров одного из двух основных политических течений Поздней республики. В качестве характерных черт этого движения исследователи выделяют демагогический политический стиль приверженность идеологии народного суверенитета защиту экономических интересов неимущих слоёв. В RGDA не упоминаются одиозные политические методы популяров, которые влекли за собой конфликты и беспорядки, но важное место занимает предоставленная Августу трибунская власть, которая в Республике служила основой популярского Modus Operandi. Идеология, выраженная в RGDA, отводит римскому народу важное место в управлении государством и представляет его равноправным партнёром сената однако в ней отсутствует характерное для популяров противопоставление народа сенату (или олигархии, контролирующей сенат). Наиболее очевидно наследие популяров в тех главах RGDA, где описываются расходы Августа в пользу римского народа: социальные мероприятия, организация зрелищ и строительство. Август заимствовал у позднереспубликанских популяров представление о том, что римский плебс может служить источником политической силы, и удовлетворение его интересов необходимо для поддержания политической стабильности, однако исключил из своего арсенала те политические лозунги и методы популяров, которые имели конфликтный потенциал.


Porta Aurea ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Franciszek Skibiński

Works of architecture and stone sculpture would never have been created without the existence of a supply network enabling access to assets crucial for their production, including stone. Based on archive quarries and analysis of existing works of architecture and stone sculpture, this article focuses on the importation of stone for the building and stonecutting industry in early modern Gdańsk. In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the city was experiencing an era of economic prosperity and became a major center of architecture and stone sculpture in the Baltic region and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Gdańsk authorities put much effort into securing suitable stone necessary to carry out their ambitious projects. Builders and sculptors based in the Baltic metropolis applied various kinds of stone imported from abroad, including limestone from Oland and Sweden, sandstone quarried in Bückeburg and Bentheim, Belgian marble, and English alabaster. The kind of stone most commonly used in local architecture and sculpture was, however, the sandstone from the Isle of Gotland. To obtain this material the city authorities often approached the Danish king, as revealed by numerous letters preserved in Gdańsk and Copenhagen archives. Each year several shipments of Gotland stone would arrive in the city, the amount of stone reaching up to 10,000 cubic feet. Some of the material destined for the public building works was then prepared by workers supervised by the ‘Bauknecht’. He was an official appointed by the city authorities to support the public building industry and to facilitate the work of specialized building and sculpting workshops by overlooking low-skilled workers and supply of materials. Some of the local builders and stonecutters were also involved in the importation of stone from Gotland. Besides carrying out major architectural and sculptural works, at least some of the guild masters running large workshops were engaged in the supply of necessary materials. For this reason, they had to maintain a network of professional contacts within the Baltic region and beyond. The most prominent among them was Willem van der Meer, called Barth, a stonecutter from Ghent established in Gdańsk. Between roughly 1590 and 1610, he supplied the city with a large amount of Gotland stone, including that used for the building of the Great Arsenal. Other important members of the local milieu engaged in the stone trade were Willem and Abraham van den Blocke as well as Wilhelm Richter, continuator of Van den Blocke’s enterprise often engaged by the city authorities. These findings broaden our understanding of the professional practices of builders and stone sculptors in Gdańsk and the Baltic region in the late 16th and in the 17th centuries.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aistė Mickaitytė ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Artūras Kaklauskas

The aim of this article is to describe decision making groups participating in the process of public buildings refurbishment, to identify their needs of knowledge about public building refurbishment process and to analyze the knowledge dissemination channels. The knowledge dissemination channels used in “BRITA in PuBs” project are described, web‐based decision support tools for the building refurbishment are analyzed. Web‐based decision support are grouped, the examples of their usage in the practise of public building refurbishment process are presented. In the last chapter of article the Intelligent Life Long Learning Tutoring System is presented. According the material of the “BRITA in PuBs” project the study module of public buildings refurbishment was created.


1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Thornton ◽  
R. L. Thornton

The paper quantifies the relative manpower costs of the public building programs of the Julio-Claudian emperors of Rome from 29 b.c. to a.d. 68. We used both literary and archaeological sources for obtaining our data. Upon charting the data we discovered that the manpower needs show two peaks, one between 12 b.c. and 3 b.c., the other from a.d. 38–51.


2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Min Jie Pang ◽  
Hong Guang Fang

Firstly, this paper introduced several kinds of frequently-used thermal insulation system, which included exterior wall insulation system, doors and windows insulation system and roof insulation system. Secondly, the principle and method of the consumption simulation of the public buildings are expatiated on, including software simulation principle, design process and the setting of related parameters. Thirdly, taking a public building in Nantong, Jiangsu province as an example, the operating energy consumption of different energy-saving design schemes are simulated with the Tangent Building Energy-saving Computation (TBEC) software, and the energy saving design schemes of the public building are optimized in the view of minimizing the energy consumption. At last some references of public building energy saving design are provided.


2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 615-618
Author(s):  
Ze Miao Jiang ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Chun Ting Zhang ◽  
Lin Kun Wang

Along with the global energy shrinking, building energy conservation and emissions reduction has become a major topic in the field of industrial engineering. The advanced technology of OPC UA (Object linking and embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture) has been introduced in order to solve the problems of interoperability and intercommunication between each subsystem and the underlying devices. On this basis, the OPC UA client and server has been developed, the public building energy efficiency control simulation system has been built and the target of real-time monitoring and controlling energy efficiency information has been achieved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Petrovic ◽  
Milovan Medojevic ◽  
Igor Mujan

This paper aims to show the current state of energy consumption and accompanying energy indicators in the public building sector in The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The public building energy consumption data (healthcare, administration and schools) was collected by surveys supported by on-site measurements, calculations and interviews with people responsible for energy monitoring. Statistical processing of the collected data on the real extent and manner of energy usage in public buildings in Vojvodina was used. This paper presents energy indicators which are on average three times higher than allowed by Serbian Ordinance and what is currently present in neighboring European Countries. It is of the utmost importance to use this data and its implications as a catalyst for the implementation of energy management in the public building sector and an increase in energy efficiency.


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